爬取的网站类型:
论坛类网站类型
涉及主要的第三方模块:
BeautifulSoup:解析、遍历页面
urllib:处理URL请求
Flask:简易的WEB框架
介绍:
本次主要使用urllib获取网页数据,然后通过BeautifulSoup进行页面解析,返回json结构的数据。
功能点:
-
urllib根据URL通过GET方式获取网页内容;
-
通过JSON文件配置
-
解析页面结构,返回JSON结构的数据
-
提供REST服务进行调用
特点:
1、提供数据描述服务,总页面,每页条数,总条数;
2、增量请求数据,只获取当前时间和上次请求时间之间的数据;
3、控制请求时间间隔,防治IP被封杀
4、分页数据请求
5、修改请求关键字,并记录上次的请求关键字
主要代码结构:
- 公共请求端封装
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from urllib import request from urllib.parse import quote import string import requests # 静态页面基类 class StaticBase(): # 获取网页内容 def __getHTMLText(self,url,code="utf-8"): try: r = requests.get(url) r.raise_for_status() r.encoding = code return r.text except: return "" # get方式请求数据 def getUrl(self,url,code='utf-8'): url = quote(url,safe=string.printable) req = request.Request(url) req.add_header('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36') with request.urlopen(req) as f: print('Status:',f.status,f.reason) return f.read().decode(code) #s = StaticBase() #print(s.getUrl('http://www.baidu.com/','utf-8'))
- 配置文件
{ "host": "http://shangyu.108sq.cn", "base_url": "http://shangyu.108sq.cn/shuo/search?sertype=4", "key_words": "污染", "page_size": 30, "search_key": "", "last_request_time": 1562142204.149511, "request_gap": 60 }
- 解析服务
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from datetime import datetime import json from common.staticBase import StaticBase class Shangyh108(StaticBase): __config_file = "config.json" #配置文件 __text = "" #解析的网页内容 __config_dict = {} #配置集合 __url = "" #请求的URL __keywords = "" #关键字 __last_request_time = 0 #上次请求时间 # 构造函数 def __init__(self): self.__config_dict = self.__getConfig() # 查询关键字 if len(self.__config_dict['search_key']) >0 : self.__keywords = self.__config_dict['search_key'] else: self.__keywords = self.__config_dict['key_words'] self.__url = self.__getUrl() # 获取网页内容 def getText(self): print(self.__url) self.__text = StaticBase.getUrl(self,self.__url) # 获取第一页内容 def getFirstPageText(self,url=''): if self.checkRquestTime(): if len(url)==0 : url = self.__getUrl() self.__text = StaticBase.getUrl(self,url) return self.parseHTML() else: print("操作频繁请稍后重新") # 获取下一页 def getNextPage(self,url): url = self.__config_dict['host']+url print(url) self.__text = StaticBase.getUrl(self,url) return self.parseHTML() # 为防止请求对服务器造成太大压力,控制请求的时间间隔,最少为5分钟 def checkRquestTime(self): request_gap = self.__config_dict['request_gap'] last_request_time = self.__config_dict['last_request_time'] dt_now = datetime.now().timestamp() self.__last_request_time = last_request_time # 记录上次请求的时间,为了获取阶段性的数据 if last_request_time == 0: #第一次请求,直接通过 last_request_time = dt_now elif last_request_time+request_gap > dt_now: print("请求过度频繁,请稍后重试") return False else: last_request_time = dt_now self.__setConfig('last_request_time',last_request_time) return True # 获取网页描述信息 def getDesc(self): self.getText() soup = BeautifulSoup(self.__text,'html.parser') obj_count = soup.select('.count')[0] count_str = str(obj_count.string).replace("(共","").replace("条)","") count = int(count_str) pageSize = int(self.__config_dict['page_size']) host = self.__config_dict['host'] if count % pageSize == 0 : pages = count//pageSize else: pages = count // pageSize + 1 desc = {} desc['host'] = host desc['count'] = count desc['page_size'] = pageSize desc['total_page'] = pages # 增加分页的URL if pages > 0 : pageUrls = soup.select(".TCPage__middle > a") page_url = [] for i in range(len(pageUrls)-1) : tag = pageUrls[i+1] page_url.append(tag['href']) desc['page_url'] = page_url return json.dumps(desc,ensure_ascii=False) # 解析网页内容 def parseHTML(self): soup = BeautifulSoup(self.__text, 'html.parser') list_li = soup.select('.TCSayList .TCSayList_li') data_list = [] for i in range(len(list_li)): item = {} temp = list_li[i] publish_time = temp.select('.TCSayList_li_time')[0] int_dt = int(publish_time['data-time']) if self.__last_request_time == 0 or self.__last_request_time < int_dt : # 发布时间 item['publish_time_long'] = publish_time['data-time'] item['publish_time_str'] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(publish_time['data-time'])).strftime( '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # 数据标签 item['data-tag'] = temp['data-tag'] # 用户 author = temp.select('.TCSayList_li_author')[0] item['author_name'] = author.string item['author_url'] = author['href'] # 标题 if len(temp.select('.TCSayList__title a')) >0: title = temp.select('.TCSayList__title a')[0] item['title'] = title.string item['link_url'] = title['href'] # 内容 item['content'] = temp.select('.TCSayList_li_content')[0]['data-short'] data_list.append(item) return data_list # 获取请求配置信息 def __getConfig(self): with open(self.__config_file, "r",encoding="utf-8") as load_f: load_dict = json.load(load_f) return load_dict # 设置配置项 def __setConfig(self,key,value): self.__config_dict[key] = value print(self.__config_dict) with open(self.__config_file,'w',encoding="utf-8") as f: f.write(json.dumps(self.__config_dict,ensure_ascii=False)) def getKeywords(self): self.__keywords = input("请输入查询的关键字,多个关键字用“+”连接,默认关键字:环保+污染+投诉,使用默认关键字可直接按Enter:") if len(self.__keywords) == 0: self.__keywords = self.__config_dict['key_words'] else: self.__setConfig("search_key",self.__keywords) # 获取请求的URL def __getUrl(self): base_url = self.__config_dict['base_url'] # 组装查询参数 url = base_url + "&key=" + self.__keywords return url
- REST服务端(目前服务没有暴露很多,但相应服务实现都已经实现)
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from flask import Flask,jsonify,abort,request from changshuo108.shangyu.Shangyh108 import Shangyh108 app = Flask(__name__) # 支持中文 app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII'] = False shangyue = Shangyh108() @app.route('/shangyu108/api/desc',methods=['GET']) def get_desc(): return shangyue.getDesc() @app.route('/shangyu108/api/first_page',methods=['GET']) def get_firstPage(): return jsonify({'data':shangyue.getFirstPageText('')}) @app.route('/shangyu108/api/page',methods=['POST']) def get_article(): if not request.json or not 'url' in request.json: abort(400) print(request.json['url']) return jsonify({'data':shangyue.getNextPage(request.json['url'])}) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True)
爬取的网站类型:
论坛类网站类型
涉及主要的第三方模块:
BeautifulSoup:解析、遍历页面
urllib:处理URL请求
Flask:简易的WEB框架
介绍:
本次主要使用urllib获取网页数据,然后通过BeautifulSoup进行页面解析,返回json结构的数据。
功能点:
-
urllib根据URL通过GET方式获取网页内容;
-
通过JSON文件配置
-
解析页面结构,返回JSON结构的数据
-
提供REST服务进行调用
特点:
1、提供数据描述服务,总页面,每页条数,总条数;
2、增量请求数据,只获取当前时间和上次请求时间之间的数据;
3、控制请求时间间隔,防治IP被封杀
4、分页数据请求
5、修改请求关键字,并记录上次的请求关键字
主要代码结构:
- 公共请求端封装
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from urllib import request
from urllib.parse import quote
import string
import requests
# 静态页面基类
class StaticBase():
# 获取网页内容 使用的requests 库实现
def __getHTMLText(self,url,code="utf-8"):
try:
r = requests.get(url)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = code
return r.text
except:
return ""
# get方式请求数据 通过urllib记性实现GET请求
def getUrl(self,url,code='utf-8'):
url = quote(url,safe=string.printable)
req = request.Request(url)
req.add_header('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36')
with request.urlopen(req) as f:
print('Status:',f.status,f.reason)
return f.read().decode(code)
#s = StaticBase()
#print(s.getUrl('http://www.baidu.com/','utf-8'))
- 配置文件
{
"host": "http://shangyu.108sq.cn",
"base_url": "http://shangyu.108sq.cn/shuo/search?sertype=4",
"key_words": "污染",
"page_size": 30,
"search_key": "",
"last_request_time": 1562142204.149511,
"request_gap": 60
}
- 解析服务
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import json
from common.staticBase import StaticBase
class Shangyh108(StaticBase):
__config_file = "config.json" #配置文件
__text = "" #解析的网页内容
__config_dict = {} #配置集合
__url = "" #请求的URL
__keywords = "" #关键字
__last_request_time = 0 #上次请求时间
# 构造函数
def __init__(self):
self.__config_dict = self.__getConfig()
# 查询关键字
if len(self.__config_dict['search_key']) >0 :
self.__keywords = self.__config_dict['search_key']
else:
self.__keywords = self.__config_dict['key_words']
self.__url = self.__getUrl()
# 获取网页内容
def getText(self):
print(self.__url)
self.__text = StaticBase.getUrl(self,self.__url)
# 获取第一页内容
def getFirstPageText(self,url=''):
if self.checkRquestTime():
if len(url)==0 :
url = self.__getUrl()
self.__text = StaticBase.getUrl(self,url)
return self.parseHTML()
else:
print("操作频繁请稍后重新")
# 获取下一页
def getNextPage(self,url):
url = self.__config_dict['host']+url
print(url)
self.__text = StaticBase.getUrl(self,url)
return self.parseHTML()
# 为防止请求对服务器造成太大压力,控制请求的时间间隔,最少为5分钟
def checkRquestTime(self):
request_gap = self.__config_dict['request_gap']
last_request_time = self.__config_dict['last_request_time']
dt_now = datetime.now().timestamp()
self.__last_request_time = last_request_time # 记录上次请求的时间,为了获取阶段性的数据
if last_request_time == 0: #第一次请求,直接通过
last_request_time = dt_now
elif last_request_time+request_gap > dt_now:
print("请求过度频繁,请稍后重试")
return False
else:
last_request_time = dt_now
self.__setConfig('last_request_time',last_request_time)
return True
# 获取网页描述信息
def getDesc(self):
self.getText()
soup = BeautifulSoup(self.__text,'html.parser')
obj_count = soup.select('.count')[0]
count_str = str(obj_count.string).replace("(共","").replace("条)","")
count = int(count_str)
pageSize = int(self.__config_dict['page_size'])
host = self.__config_dict['host']
if count % pageSize == 0 :
pages = count//pageSize
else:
pages = count // pageSize + 1
desc = {}
desc['host'] = host
desc['count'] = count
desc['page_size'] = pageSize
desc['total_page'] = pages
# 增加分页的URL
if pages > 0 :
pageUrls = soup.select(".TCPage__middle > a")
page_url = []
for i in range(len(pageUrls)-1) :
tag = pageUrls[i+1]
page_url.append(tag['href'])
desc['page_url'] = page_url
return json.dumps(desc,ensure_ascii=False)
# 解析网页内容
def parseHTML(self):
soup = BeautifulSoup(self.__text, 'html.parser')
list_li = soup.select('.TCSayList .TCSayList_li')
data_list = []
for i in range(len(list_li)):
item = {}
temp = list_li[i]
publish_time = temp.select('.TCSayList_li_time')[0]
int_dt = int(publish_time['data-time'])
if self.__last_request_time == 0 or self.__last_request_time < int_dt :
# 发布时间
item['publish_time_long'] = publish_time['data-time']
item['publish_time_str'] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(publish_time['data-time'])).strftime(
'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# 数据标签
item['data-tag'] = temp['data-tag']
# 用户
author = temp.select('.TCSayList_li_author')[0]
item['author_name'] = author.string
item['author_url'] = author['href']
# 标题
if len(temp.select('.TCSayList__title a')) >0:
title = temp.select('.TCSayList__title a')[0]
item['title'] = title.string
item['link_url'] = title['href']
# 内容
item['content'] = temp.select('.TCSayList_li_content')[0]['data-short']
data_list.append(item)
return data_list
# 获取请求配置信息
def __getConfig(self):
with open(self.__config_file, "r",encoding="utf-8") as load_f:
load_dict = json.load(load_f)
return load_dict
# 设置配置项
def __setConfig(self,key,value):
self.__config_dict[key] = value
print(self.__config_dict)
with open(self.__config_file,'w',encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(json.dumps(self.__config_dict,ensure_ascii=False))
def getKeywords(self):
self.__keywords = input("请输入查询的关键字,多个关键字用“+”连接,默认关键字:环保+污染+投诉,使用默认关键字可直接按Enter:")
if len(self.__keywords) == 0:
self.__keywords = self.__config_dict['key_words']
else:
self.__setConfig("search_key",self.__keywords)
# 获取请求的URL
def __getUrl(self):
base_url = self.__config_dict['base_url']
# 组装查询参数
url = base_url + "&key=" + self.__keywords
return url
- REST服务端(目前服务没有暴露很多,但相应服务实现都已经实现)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask,jsonify,abort,request
from changshuo108.shangyu.Shangyh108 import Shangyh108
app = Flask(__name__)
# 支持中文
app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII'] = False
shangyue = Shangyh108()
@app.route('/shangyu108/api/desc',methods=['GET'])
def get_desc():
return shangyue.getDesc()
@app.route('/shangyu108/api/first_page',methods=['GET'])
def get_firstPage():
return jsonify({'data':shangyue.getFirstPageText('')})
@app.route('/shangyu108/api/page',methods=['POST'])
def get_article():
if not request.json or not 'url' in request.json:
abort(400)
print(request.json['url'])
return jsonify({'data':shangyue.getNextPage(request.json['url'])})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
公众号链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg4MzI3MjM4NQ==&tempkey=MTAxNl9KVjVnVCtVNlo4RUpIZmZXbzBfSVR4dHU4YUhhX3hPNGMxVXdMd1JaQ21OZExlNnNybmJzaVhCT2hkZk85RzZKbzRlYWxFcEk1U2g5bmN4cWJ1QlNmNEdmWlBvVWxGTER2NDM5NjdWa1VIaDVWZlFyUF9EVmtYM0lmNnplRzRjanZsWEo4RUlESTg2YlFkVjBxdDFXbzEwR1UtVVpSd2V5U0R1YUVnfn4%3D&chksm=4f48bebe783f37a8622096cf8cb7d5dfbc5d913e3f1694ea601f51eec5aadddee66271739639#rd