欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

Mysql读写分离-Amoeba Proxy

程序员文章站 2022-05-02 10:03:49
...

参考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-10/124115.htm

一个完整的MySQL读写分离环境包括以下几个部分:

  • 应用程序client
  • database proxy (Amoeba for MySQL)
  • database集群 (M-S)

在本次实战中,应用程序client基于c3p0连接后端的database proxy。database proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略,MySQL Proxy有一项强大功能是实现“读写分离”,基本原理是让主数据库处理写方面事务,让从库处理SELECT查询。Amoeba for MySQL是一款优秀的中间件软件,同样可以实现读写分离,负载均衡等功能,并且稳定性也高于MySQL Proxy,这里采用开源框架Amoeba for MySQL,其使用指南。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整个环境的结构图如下所示:

Mysql读写分离-Amoeba Proxy

实战步骤与详解

一.搭建mysql的master-slave环境

1)分别在host1(10.10.148.110)和host2(10.10.148.111)上安装mysql(5.0.45),具体安装方法可见官方文档

2)配置master

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:

log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1 #master的标示
binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用于master-slave的具体数据库

3)在Master MySQL上创建一个用户‘repl’,并允许其他Slave服务器可以通过远程访问Master,通过该用户读取二进制日志,实现数据同步

mysql> create user repl; //创建新用户

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO aaa@qq.com IDENTIFIED BY '111111';

附加说明 :

  执行 mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql';

      192.168.0.%,这个配置是指明repl用户所在服务器,这里%是通配符,表示192.168.0.0-192.168.0.255的Server都可以以repl用户登陆主服务器。当然你也可以指定固定Ip。

 

4)重启mysql,使得配置生效:

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

最后查看master状态:

Mysql读写分离-Amoeba Proxy

5)配置slave

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:

server-id=2 #slave的标示

配置生效后,配置与master的连接:

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='10.10.148.110',
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;

其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip,MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息

最后启动slave:

mysql> start slave;

6)验证master-slave搭建生效

通过查看slave机的log(/var/log/mysqld.log):

100703 07:31:12 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'aaa@qq.com:3306',  replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261

如看到以上信息则证明搭建成功,如果有问题也可通过此log找原因

二.搭建database proxy

此次实战中database proxy采用amoeba ,它的相关信息可以查阅官方文档,不在此详述,下面说说Windows for amoeba的安装及配置

1)安装amoeba

下载1 链接: https://sourceforge.net/projects/amoeba/?source=typ_redirect

Mysql读写分离-Amoeba Proxy

or

下载2  amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz  后解压到(D:/amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0),即完成安装

2)配置amoeba

先配置proxy连接和与各后端mysql服务器连接信息(D:/amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0/conf/amoeba.xml):

 

<server>  
    <!-- proxy server绑定的端口 -->  
    <property name="port">8066</property>  
      
    <!-- proxy server绑定的IP -->  
    <!--  
    <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property> 
     -->  
    <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->  
    <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>  
      
    <!-- proxy server client process thread size -->  
    <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  
      
    <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->  
    <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  
      
    <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K)  -->  
    <property name="netBufferSize">128</property>  
      
    <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->  
    <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>  
      
    <!-- 对外验证的用户名 -->  
    <property name="user">root</property>  
      
    <!-- 对外验证的密码 -->  
    <property name="password">root</property>  
</server>  

 以上是proxy提供给client的连接配置

<dbServerList>  
    <dbServer name="server1">           
        <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  
        <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  
            <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  
            <property name="port">3306</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  
            <property name="ipAddress">10.10.148.110</property>  
            <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  
            <property name="user">root</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  
            <property name="password"></property>  
              
        </factoryConfig>  
          
        <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  
        <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  
            <property name="maxActive">200</property>  
            <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  
            <property name="minIdle">10</property>  
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  
            <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  
        </poolConfig>  
    </dbServer>  
    <dbServer name="server2">  
          
        <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  
        <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  
            <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  
            <property name="port">3306</property>  
              
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  
            <property name="ipAddress">10.10.148.111</property>  
            <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  
            <property name="user">root</property>  
              
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  
            <property name="password"></property>  
              
        </factoryConfig>  
          
        <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  
        <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  
            <property name="maxActive">200</property>  
            <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  
            <property name="minIdle">10</property>  
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  
            <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  
        </poolConfig>  
    </dbServer>         
</dbServerList>  

 

以上是proxy与后端各mysql数据库服务器配置信息,具体配置见注释很明白了

最后配置读写分离策略:

<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">  
    <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>  
    <property name="defaultPool">server1</property>  
    <property name="writePool">server1</property>  
    <property name="readPool">server2</property>  
    <property name="needParse">true</property>  
</queryRouter>  

 

从以上配置不然发现,写操作路由到server1(master),读操作路由到server2(slave)

3)启动amoeba

在命令行里运行D:/amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0/amoeba.bat即可:

log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:D:/amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0/conf/log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:D:/amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO  net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端调用与测试

1)编写client调用程序

具体程序细节就不详述了,只是一个最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的数据库操作程序

2)配置数据库连接

本client基于c3p0,具体数据源配置如下:

 

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"  
    destroy-method="close">  
    <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />  
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />  
    <property name="user" value="root" />  
    <property name="password" value="root" />  
    <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />  
    <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxStatements" value="0" />  
    <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />  
    <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />  
    <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />  
    <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />  
    <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />  
    <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />  
</bean>  

 

值得注意是,client端只需连到proxy,与实际的数据库没有任何关系,因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都对应于amoeba暴露出来的配置信息

3)调用与测试

首先插入一条数据:insert into test(id,name) values(10,'test10')

通过查看master机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

1 Query       set names latin1
1 Query       SET NAMES latin1
1 Query       SET character_set_results = NULL
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES
1 Query SHOW COLLATION
1 Query SET autocommit=1
1 Query SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES' 1 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation' 1 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT' 1 Prepare [1] insert into test(id,name) values(?,?) 1 Prepare [2] insert into test(id,name) values(?,?) 1 Execute [2] insert into test(id,name) values(10,'test10')

 

得知写操作发生在master机上

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

112313 7:38:12       2 Query       insert into test(id,name) values(10,'test10') 

得知slave同步执行了这条语句

然后查一条数据:select t.name from test t where t.id = 10

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

 33 Query       set names latin1
 33 Prepare     [1] select t.name from test t where t.id = ?
 33 Prepare     [2] select t.name from test t where t.id = ?    
 33 Execute     [2] select t.name from test t where t.id = 10  

 

得知读操作发生在slave机上

并且通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log发现这条语句没在master上执行

通过以上验证得知简单的master-slave搭建和实战得以生效