安装MySQL

#1.1 下载MySQL安装包
#进入到mysql官网下载自己对应版本的mysql
#下载地址：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

#我这里下载mysql-5.7.27-el7-x86_64.tar.gz版本
(下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-el7-x86_64.tar.gz)

#SFTP上传mysql安装包

cd /backup
ls -lhrt|grep mysql

[[e-mail] backup]# ls -lhrt|grep mysql
-rw------- 1 root root 681M Jun 10 21:41 mysql-5.7.27-el7-x86_64.tar.gz [[e-mail] backup]#

#1.2 检查并卸载系统自带MySQL、Marriadb
#MySQL包

rpm -qa | grep mysql

[[e-mail] backup]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64
qt5-qtbase-mysql-5.6.1-10.el7.x86_64
[[e-mail] backup]#

#如有，则卸载

rpm -e qt-mysql-4.8.5 
rpm -e qt5-qtbase-mysql-5.6.1

#MarriaDB包

rpm -qa | grep mariadb

[[e-mail] backup]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-devel-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[[e-mail] backup]#

#如有，则卸载

rpm -e mariadb-devel-5.5.52
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52

#1.3 解压mysql程序包

mkdir -p /opt/mysql
tar -zxf mysql-5.7.27-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.27-el7-x86_64 /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27
cd /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27
ls

[[e-mail] mysql-5.7.27]# ls
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[[e-mail] mysql-5.7.27]#

#1.4 创建mysql用户、组

cat /etc/group | grep mysql
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql

#若无记录，则需要创建

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql

[[e-mail] mysql]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql❌987:2014::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
[[e-mail] mysql]#

#1.5 配置MySQL
#创建目录用于存放mysql数据文件

mkdir -p /oradata/mysql-5.7.27/data

#修改mysql相关目录的属组

chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /oradata/mysql-5.7.27/

#设置配置文件

cd /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/support-files/
vi my_default.cnf

[mysqld]
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

basedir = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27
datadir = /oradata/mysql-5.7.27/data
port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8

log-error = /oradata/mysql-5.7.27/data/mysqld.log
pid-file = /oradata/mysql-5.7.27/data/mysqld.pid

#初始化mysqld

cp my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cd /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27
./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/ --datadir=/oradata/mysql-5.7.27/data/ 

#查看日志，记录初始密码

tail -f /oradata/mysql-5.7.27/data/mysqld.log

[[e-mail] mysql-5.7.27]# tail -f /oradata/mysql-5.7.27/data/mysqld.log
2019-09-29T02:30:38.998623Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-09-29T02:30:38.998680Z 0 [Warning] ‘NO_ZERO_DATE’, ‘NO_ZERO_IN_DATE’ and ‘ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO’ sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2019-09-29T02:30:38.998714Z 0 [Warning] ‘NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER’ sql mode was not set.
2019-09-29T02:30:39.265832Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-09-29T02:30:39.315612Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-09-29T02:30:39.372446Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 2056057b-e261-11e9-8d5b-0050569b699a.
2019-09-29T02:30:39.373323Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened.
2019-09-29T02:30:39.377452Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [e-mail]: RocOgZ1#gff:

#启动mysql

cp /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
service mysql start

#添加环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile 
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/bin

#应用环境变量

source ~/.bash_profile

#查看环境变量

echo $PATH

[[e-mail] ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/root/perl5/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin:/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.27/bin
[[e-mail] ~]#

#登录mysql并修改root密码

mysql -u root -p

#输入上面初始化时从日志中记录的密码（本例中是RocOgZ1#gff:）

#设置root新密码（本例设为123456）

set password=password('123456');
grant all privileges on *.* to [e-mail]'%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;

#根据实际情况新建用户并添加远程访问权限

use mysql;
update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
select host,user from user;

#重启mysql

service mysql stop
service mysql start

#或者

service mysql restart

[[e-mail] mysql-5.7.27]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL… [ OK ]
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
[[e-mail] mysql-5.7.27]#

#1.6 设置开机自启动

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --list

mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

#如果看到mysql的服务，并且3,4,5都是on的话则成功，如果是off，则键入

chkconfig --level 345 mysql on

#重启操作系统并验证mysql服务已启动

reboot
netstat -na | grep 3306

[[e-mail] ~]# netstat -na | grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 ::???? LISTEN
[[e-mail] ~]#

参考文章：

https://blog.csdn.net/lch520baby/article/details/89081306
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhanghanwen16/p/9046227.html