Yum命令

RPM软件包管理器

RPM软件包管理器简介
简称RPM，全称为The RPM Package Manager,是在Linux下广泛使用的软件包管理器。RPM此名词可能是指.rpm的文件格式的软件包，也可能是指其本身的软件包管理器(RPM Package Manager)。最早由Red Hat研制，现在也由开源社区开发。RPM通常随附于Linux发行版，但也有单独将RPM作为应用软件发行的发行版（例如Gentoo）。RPM仅适用于安装用RPM来打包的软件，目前是GNU/Linux下软件包资源最丰富的软件包类型之一。

RPM软件包分类:
分为二进制包（Binary）、源代码包（Source）和Delta包三种。二进制包可以直接安装在计算机中，而源代码包将会由RPM自动编译、安装。源代码包经常以src.rpm作为后缀名。

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yum 命令

Yum简介:
Yellow dog Updater, Modified由Duke University团队，修改Yellow Dog Linux的Yellow Dog Updater开发而成，是一个基于RPM包管理的字符前端软件包管理器。能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。被Yellow Dog Linux本身，以及Fedora、Red Hat Enterprise Linux采用。

软件包来源:
可供Yum下载的软件包包括Fedora本身的软件包以及源自rpmfusion等非官方软件仓库的软件包，全部是由Linux社区维护的，并且基本是*软件。所有的包都有一个独立的GPG签名，主要是为了用户的系统安全。对于Fedora core 4及更高版本的用户，来自新软件仓库的签名是自动导入并安装的.

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yum常用命令

yum 语法
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
options：可选，选项包括-h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为”yes”），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
command：要进行的操作。
package操作的对象。
常用命令
1. 列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update
2. 更新所有软件命令：yum update
3. .仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install
4. 仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update
5. .列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令：yum list
6. 删除软件包命令：yum remove
7. 查找软件包命令：yum search
8. 清除缓存命令:
yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的headers

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yum具体用法

Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
fs             Acts on the filesystem data of the host, mainly for removing docs/lanuages for minimal hosts.
fssnapshot     Creates filesystem snapshots, or lists/deletes current snapshots.
groups         Display, or use, the groups information
help           Display a helpful usage message
history        Display, or use, the transaction history
info           Display details about a package or group of packages
install        Install a package or packages on your system
list           List a package or groups of packages
load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename
makecache      Generate the metadata cache
provides       Find what package provides the given value
reinstall      reinstall a package
repo-pkgs      Treat a repo. as a group of packages, so we can install/remove all of them
repolist       Display the configured software repositories
search         Search package details for the given string
shell          Run an interactive yum shell
swap           Simple way to swap packages, instead of using shell
update         Update a package or packages on your system
update-minimal Works like upgrade, but goes to the 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system
updateinfo     Acts on repository update information
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account
version        Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.


Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
  -C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
  -c [config file], --config=[config file]
                        config file location
  -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
                        maximum command wait time
  -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
                        debugging output level
  --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
  -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
                        error output level
  --rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
                        debugging output level for rpm
  -q, --quiet           quiet operation
  -v, --verbose         verbose operation
  -y, --assumeyes       answer yes for all questions
  --assumeno            answer no for all questions
  --version             show Yum version and exit
  --installroot=[path]  set install root
  --enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  --disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  -x [package], --exclude=[package]
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob
  --disableexcludes=[repo]
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                        everything
  --disableincludes=[repo]
                        disable includepkgs for a repo or for everything
  --obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
  --noplugins           disable Yum plugins
  --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
  --disableplugin=[plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
  --enableplugin=[plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
  --skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
  --color=COLOR         control whether color is used
  --releasever=RELEASEVER
                        set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
  --downloadonly        don't update, just download
  --downloaddir=DLDIR   specifies an alternate directory to store packages
  --setopt=SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options
  --bugfix              Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
  --security            Include security relevant packages, in updates
  --advisory=ADVS, --advisories=ADVS
                        Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
                        updates
  --bzs=BZS             Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
                        updates
  --cves=CVES           Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
                        updates
  --sec-severity=SEVS, --secseverity=SEVS
                        Include security relevant packages matching the
                        severity, in updates