Spring Boot 分布式事物管理
Spring Boot 分布式事物管理
前言
事务是为了保证数据的一致性而产生的。那么分布式事务,顾名思义,就是我们要保证分布在不同数据库、不同服务器、不同应用之间的数据一致性。
在单体项目下数据是存放在一个数据库上的,采用数据库的事务就能满足我们的要求。
但随着业务的不断扩张,数据的不断增加,单一数据库已经到达了一个瓶颈,因此我们需要对数据库进行分库分表。为了保证数据的一致性,可能需要不同的数据库之间的数据要么同时成功,要么同时失败,不然导致产生一些脏数据,导致数据不一致。
对此,分布式事务就诞生了。
应用场景
在分布式系统中,如,支付系统中,支付成功后需要对买家和卖家同时进行操作,买家减钱,卖家加钱。必须得放在一个事务里执行。不然出现扣钱了,没买着货那就尴尬了哈哈哈哈哈,所以分布式事务这时候就堪大用。还有银行转账等等。
Spring Boot中实现分布式事务
SpringBoot 集成 Atomikos 实现分布式事务
Atomikos 是一个为 Java 平台提供增值服务的开源类事务管理器。
以下是包括在这个开源版本中的一些功能:
- 全面崩溃 / 重启恢复;
- 兼容标准的 SUN 公司 JTA API;
- 嵌套事务;
- 为 XA 和非 XA 提供内置的 JDBC 适配器。
注释:XA 协议由 Tuxedo 首先提出的,并交给 X/Open 组织,作为资源管理器(数据库)与事务管理器的接口标准。目前,Oracle、Informix、DB2 和 Sybase 等各大数据库厂家都提供对 XA 的支持。XA 协议采用两阶段提交方式来管理分布式事务。XA 接口提供资源管理器与事务管理器之间进行通信的标准接口。XA 协议包括两套函数,以 xa_ 开头的及以 ax_ 开头的。
代码实现
建库
在本地创建两个数据库:test01,test02,并且创建相同的数据库表:
sql脚本
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for test_user1
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test_user1`;
CREATE TABLE `test_user1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 9 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test_user2`;
CREATE TABLE `test_user2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 9 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
pom中 添加 Atomikos 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.5</version>
</dependency>
添加数据库配置
server:
port: 8080
spring:
redis:
host: localhost
port: 6379
mysql:
datasource:
test1:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/test01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
minPoolSize: 3
maxPoolSize: 25
maxLifetime: 20000
borrowConnectionTimeout: 30
loginTimeout: 30
maintenanceInterval: 60
maxIdleTime: 60
testQuery: select 1
test2:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/test02?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
minPoolSize: 3
maxPoolSize: 25
maxLifetime: 20000
borrowConnectionTimeout: 30
loginTimeout: 30
maintenanceInterval: 60
maxIdleTime: 60
testQuery: select 1
数据源配置文件读取
DBConfig1
package com.example.springbootatomikos.config.pojo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
/**
* @description: 数据源test1
* @author: Administrator
* @create: 2020-05-02 19:22
**/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mysql.datasource.test1")
@SpringBootConfiguration
public class DBConfig1 {
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
private int minPoolSize;
private int maxPoolSize;
private int maxLifetime;
private int borrowConnectionTimeout;
private int loginTimeout;
private int maintenanceInterval;
private int maxIdleTime;
private String testQuery;
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public int getMinPoolSize() {
return minPoolSize;
}
public void setMinPoolSize(int minPoolSize) {
this.minPoolSize = minPoolSize;
}
public int getMaxPoolSize() {
return maxPoolSize;
}
public void setMaxPoolSize(int maxPoolSize) {
this.maxPoolSize = maxPoolSize;
}
public int getMaxLifetime() {
return maxLifetime;
}
public void setMaxLifetime(int maxLifetime) {
this.maxLifetime = maxLifetime;
}
public int getBorrowConnectionTimeout() {
return borrowConnectionTimeout;
}
public void setBorrowConnectionTimeout(int borrowConnectionTimeout) {
this.borrowConnectionTimeout = borrowConnectionTimeout;
}
public int getLoginTimeout() {
return loginTimeout;
}
public void setLoginTimeout(int loginTimeout) {
this.loginTimeout = loginTimeout;
}
public int getMaintenanceInterval() {
return maintenanceInterval;
}
public void setMaintenanceInterval(int maintenanceInterval) {
this.maintenanceInterval = maintenanceInterval;
}
public int getMaxIdleTime() {
return maxIdleTime;
}
public void setMaxIdleTime(int maxIdleTime) {
this.maxIdleTime = maxIdleTime;
}
public String getTestQuery() {
return testQuery;
}
public void setTestQuery(String testQuery) {
this.testQuery = testQuery;
}
}
DBConfig2
package com.example.springbootatomikos.config.pojo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
/**
* @description: 数据源test2
* @author: Administrator
* @create: 2020-05-02 19:22
**/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mysql.datasource.test2")
@SpringBootConfiguration
public class DBConfig2 {
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
private int minPoolSize;
private int maxPoolSize;
private int maxLifetime;
private int borrowConnectionTimeout;
private int loginTimeout;
private int maintenanceInterval;
private int maxIdleTime;
private String testQuery;
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public int getMinPoolSize() {
return minPoolSize;
}
public void setMinPoolSize(int minPoolSize) {
this.minPoolSize = minPoolSize;
}
public int getMaxPoolSize() {
return maxPoolSize;
}
public void setMaxPoolSize(int maxPoolSize) {
this.maxPoolSize = maxPoolSize;
}
public int getMaxLifetime() {
return maxLifetime;
}
public void setMaxLifetime(int maxLifetime) {
this.maxLifetime = maxLifetime;
}
public int getBorrowConnectionTimeout() {
return borrowConnectionTimeout;
}
public void setBorrowConnectionTimeout(int borrowConnectionTimeout) {
this.borrowConnectionTimeout = borrowConnectionTimeout;
}
public int getLoginTimeout() {
return loginTimeout;
}
public void setLoginTimeout(int loginTimeout) {
this.loginTimeout = loginTimeout;
}
public int getMaintenanceInterval() {
return maintenanceInterval;
}
public void setMaintenanceInterval(int maintenanceInterval) {
this.maintenanceInterval = maintenanceInterval;
}
public int getMaxIdleTime() {
return maxIdleTime;
}
public void setMaxIdleTime(int maxIdleTime) {
this.maxIdleTime = maxIdleTime;
}
public String getTestQuery() {
return testQuery;
}
public void setTestQuery(String testQuery) {
this.testQuery = testQuery;
}
}
数据源配置
MyBatisConfig1
package com.example.springbootatomikos.config.one;
import com.example.springbootatomikos.config.pojo.DBConfig1;
import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlXADataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.jta.atomikos.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* @description: 数据源1配置
* @author: Administrator
* @create: 2020-05-02 19:25
**/
@SpringBootConfiguration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.example.springbootatomikos.mapper.one", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "sqlSessionTemplate")
public class MyBatisConfig1 {
// 配置数据源
@Primary
@Bean(name = "dataSource")
public DataSource dataSource(DBConfig1 config) throws SQLException {
MysqlXADataSource mysqlXaDataSource = new MysqlXADataSource();
mysqlXaDataSource.setUrl(config.getUrl());
mysqlXaDataSource.setPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection(true);
mysqlXaDataSource.setPassword(config.getPassword());
mysqlXaDataSource.setUser(config.getUsername());
mysqlXaDataSource.setPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection(true);
AtomikosDataSourceBean xaDataSource = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
xaDataSource.setXaDataSource(mysqlXaDataSource);
xaDataSource.setUniqueResourceName("dataSource");
xaDataSource.setMinPoolSize(config.getMinPoolSize());
xaDataSource.setMaxPoolSize(config.getMaxPoolSize());
xaDataSource.setMaxLifetime(config.getMaxLifetime());
xaDataSource.setBorrowConnectionTimeout(config.getBorrowConnectionTimeout());
xaDataSource.setLoginTimeout(config.getLoginTimeout());
xaDataSource.setMaintenanceInterval(config.getMaintenanceInterval());
xaDataSource.setMaxIdleTime(config.getMaxIdleTime());
xaDataSource.setTestQuery(config.getTestQuery());
return xaDataSource;
}
@Primary
@Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dataSource") DataSource dataSource)
throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
return bean.getObject();
}
@Primary
@Bean(name = "sqlSessionTemplate")
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(
@Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}
}
项目结构图
MyBatisConfig2
package com.example.springbootatomikos.config.two;
import com.example.springbootatomikos.config.pojo.DBConfig2;
import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlXADataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.jta.atomikos.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* @description: 数据源2配置
* @author: Administrator
* @create: 2020-05-02 19:26
**/
@SpringBootConfiguration
//basePackages 最好分开配置 如果放在同一个文件夹可能会报错
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.example.springbootatomikos.mapper.two", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "sqlSessionTemplate2")
public class MyBatisConfig2 {
// 配置数据源
@Bean(name = "dataSource2")
public DataSource dataSource(DBConfig2 config) throws SQLException {
MysqlXADataSource mysqlXaDataSource = new MysqlXADataSource();
mysqlXaDataSource.setUrl(config.getUrl());
mysqlXaDataSource.setPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection(true);
mysqlXaDataSource.setPassword(config.getPassword());
mysqlXaDataSource.setUser(config.getUsername());
mysqlXaDataSource.setPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection(true);
AtomikosDataSourceBean xaDataSource = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
xaDataSource.setXaDataSource(mysqlXaDataSource);
xaDataSource.setUniqueResourceName("dataSource2");
xaDataSource.setMinPoolSize(config.getMinPoolSize());
xaDataSource.setMaxPoolSize(config.getMaxPoolSize());
xaDataSource.setMaxLifetime(config.getMaxLifetime());
xaDataSource.setBorrowConnectionTimeout(config.getBorrowConnectionTimeout());
xaDataSource.setLoginTimeout(config.getLoginTimeout());
xaDataSource.setMaintenanceInterval(config.getMaintenanceInterval());
xaDataSource.setMaxIdleTime(config.getMaxIdleTime());
xaDataSource.setTestQuery(config.getTestQuery());
return xaDataSource;
}
@Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactory2")
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dataSource2") DataSource dataSource)
throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
return bean.getObject();
}
@Bean(name = "sqlSessionTemplate2")
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(
@Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory2") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}
}
Mapper配置
UserMapper1
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper1 {
@Insert("insert into test_user1(name,age) values(#{name},#{age})")
void addUser(@Param("name")String name, @Param("age") int age);
}
UserMapper2
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper2 {
@Insert("insert into test_user2(name,age) values(#{name},#{age})")
void addUser(@Param("name") String name, @Param("age") int age);
}
User类
public class User {
private Long id;
private String name;
private int age;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Service类
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper1 userMapper1;
@Autowired
private UserMapper2 userMapper2;
@Transactional
public void addUser(User user)throws Exception{
userMapper2.addUser(user.getName(),user.getAge());
int a= 1/0;
userMapper1.addUser(user.getName(),user.getAge());
}
}
启动类和controller
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class SpringbootatomikosApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootatomikosApplication.class, args);
}
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("test")
public void test(){
User user = new User();
user.setName("test");
user.setAge(110);
try {
userService.addUser(user);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
测试
请求 http://127.0.0.1:8080/test
后台异常报错,然后查看两个数据库数据都没有入库表示分布式事务执行成功。
然后将service中的 异常去掉,两个数据库数据入库成功。
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