Django之Form表单
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2022-04-25 15:21:44
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在Django中有一个验证神器，那就是Form表单，它会自动生成你所需要的表单内容，并自动为你验证是否正确，并可以返回错误的详细信息（前提是你写的详细）。
Django中的Form使用时一般有两种功能：
1、生成html标签
2、验证输入内容
接下来我介绍下Django模板中的表单和form表单的区别、
1. Django模板中的表单
项目DjangoExercise的url.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('myform/', include('MyForm.urls', namespace='myform'))
]app MyForm的url.py
from django.urls import path
app_name = 'MyForm'
from MyForm.views import Login
urlpatterns = [
path('login/', Login, name= 'login'),
]app MyForm的model.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class MyFormModel(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='用户名')
password = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='密码')
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱')app MyForm的views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from MyForm.models import MyFormModel
# Create your views here.
def Login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST.get('username')
password = request.POST.get('password')
email = request.POST.get('email')
if not all([id, username, password, email]):
return HttpResponse('参数不全')
else:
user = MyFormModel.objects.filter(username=username, password=password)
if len(user):
context = {
'username': username,
}
return render(request, 'MyForm/index.html', context)
else:
return render(request, 'MyForm/login.html')app MyForm的admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from MyForm.models import MyFormModel
# Register your models here.
class MyFormAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['username', 'password', 'email']
admin.site.register(MyFormModel, MyFormAdmin)templates/MyForm/login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="/myform/login/">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名:"/><br>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="密 码:"/><br>
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="邮 箱:"/><br>
<input class="tj" type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>templates/MyForm/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>欢迎</h3>{{ username }}<h3>登陆!</h3>
</body>
</html>我们首先生成SQL语句，然后在执行SQL语句
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
然后就会在数据库中看到我们的表了，因为我把model注册到admin中去了，而且我views.py中并没有写关于model的注册，我直接在admin中注册用户，想用进入admin需要创建superuser
python manage.py createsuperuser
然后根据提示一步步填写用户名密码
启动项目
python manage.py runserver
进入到admin中
根据箭头提示增加用户名、密码、邮箱
然后就会在表中看到我们新增的数据
接着输入路由规则，进入到我们的login视图中，输入前面创建的用户名、密码、邮箱，点击登录
点击登录会跳转到我们指定的视图中
一套简单的流程下来就是Django基于模板的用户登录过程
2. Django的form表单
1. 在app MyForm目录下创建formas.py文件
from django import forms
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField()
password = forms.CharField()
def clean(self):
username = self.cleaned_data['username']
password = self.cleaned_data['password']
user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
if user is None:
raise forms.ValidationError('用户名或密码不正确')
else:
self.cleaned_data['user'] = user
return self.cleaned_data
# 注册
class RegForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',
max_length=30,
min_length=3,
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入3-30位用户名'}))
email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',
widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入邮箱'}))
password = forms.CharField(label='密码',
min_length=6,
widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入密码'}))
password_again = forms.CharField(label='再输入一次密码',
min_length=6,
widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'再输入一次密码'}))
def clean_username(self):
username = self.cleaned_data['username']
if User.objects.filter(username=username).exists():
raise forms.ValidationError('用户名已存在')
return username
def clean_email(self):
email = self.cleaned_data['email']
if User.objects.filter(email=email).exists():
raise forms.ValidationError('邮箱已存在')
return email
def clean_password_again(self):
password = self.cleaned_data['password']
password_again = self.cleaned_data['password_again']
if password != password_again:
raise forms.ValidationError('两次输入的密码不一致')
return password_again
接着在views.py文件里面加入我们的视图，这里我把前面写的也加入了进来
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect, reverse
from MyForm.models import MyFormModel
from .forms import LoginForm, RegForm
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your views here.
def Login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST.get('username')
password = request.POST.get('password')
email = request.POST.get('email')
if not all([id, username, password, email]):
return HttpResponse('参数不全')
else:
user = MyFormModel.objects.filter(username=username, password=password)
if len(user):
context = {
'username': username,
}
return render(request, 'MyForm/index.html', context)
else:
return render(request, 'MyForm/login.html')
def loginForm(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
# 判断是否验证登录通过
if login_form.is_valid():
# 验证过程写在了forms.py文件中了，所以这里可以不用写
# #清洗后的数据， 包含了我们所需要的字段信息 cleaned_data是我们forms中清洗后验证通过的数据
# username = login_from.cleaned_data['username']
# password = login_from.cleaned_data['password']
# # 验证用户数据是否存在
# user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
# if user is not None:
# # 将登录后的数据存在session中
# login(request, user)
# return render(request, 'MyForm/index.html', {'username': username})
user = login_form.cleaned_data['user']
login(request, user)
return render(request, 'MyForm/index.html', {'username': user.username})
else:
login_from = LoginForm()
context = {
'login_form': login_from
}
return render(request, 'MyForm/login_form.html', context)
# 注册
def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
reg_form = RegForm(request.POST)
if reg_form.is_valid():
username = reg_form.cleaned_data['username']
email = reg_form.cleaned_data['email']
password = reg_form.cleaned_data['password']
# 创建用户
user = User.objects.create_user(username, email, password)
user.save()
# 登录用户
user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
login(request, user)
return render(request, 'MyForm/index.html', {'username': user.username})
else:
reg_form = RegForm()
context = {}
context['reg_form'] = reg_form
return render(request, 'MyForm/register.html', context)
接着在urls.py文件中加入我们的路由规则
from django.urls import path
app_name = 'MyForm'
from MyForm.views import Login, loginForm, register
urlpatterns = [
path('login/', Login, name= 'login'),
path('form/', loginForm, name= 'login_form'),
path('register/', register, name= 'register')
]html模板
我们新增了两个HTML文件 login_form.html 和 register.html
login_form.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/myform//login_form/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ login_form }}
{# <span>用户名：</span>#}
{# <input type="text" name="username">#}
{# <span>密 码：</span>#}
{# <input type="password" name="password">#}
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>register.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/myform/register/" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in reg_form %}
<label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
<p class="text-danger">{{ field.errors.as_text }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<span>{{ reg_form.non_field_errors }}</span>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>根据路由规则来注册我们的用户信息，这个用户数据在auth_user表中，因为我们在views.py中用的是Django的auth表
接着会跳转到我们制定的界面中去
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