Elasticsearch 常见的字段类型

数据类型

• 核心数据类型
• 复杂数据类型
• 专用数据类型

 

核心数据类型

• 字符串

text
用于全文索引，该类型的字段将通过分词器进行分词

keyword
不分词，只能搜索该字段的完整的值

• 数值型

long, integer, short, byte, double, float, half_float, scaled_float

• 布尔 - boolean

 

• 二进制 - binary

该类型的字段把值当做经过 base64 编码的字符串，默认不存储，且不可搜索

• 范围类型

范围类型表示值是一个范围，而不是一个具体的值
integer_range, float_range, long_range, double_range, date_range

譬如 age 的类型是 integer_range，那么值可以是 {"gte" : 20, "lte" : 40}；搜索 "term" :{"age": 21} 可以搜索该值

• 日期 - date

由于Json没有date类型，所以es通过识别字符串是否符合format定义的格式来判断是否为date类型
format默认为：strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis

格式："2022-01-01" "2022/01/01 12:10:30" 这种字符串格式

从开始纪元（1970年年1月1日0点） 开始的毫秒数(从开始纪元开始的秒数)

PUT localhost:9200/nba/_mapping

{
    "properties": {
        "name": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "team_name": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "position": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "play_year": {
            "type": "long"
        },
        "jerse_no": {
            "type": "keyword"
        },
        "title": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "date": {
            "type": "date"
        }
    }
}

POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/4

{
    "name": "蔡x坤",
    "team_name": "勇士",
    "position": "得分后卫",
    "play_year": 10,
    "jerse_no": "31",
    "title": "打球最帅的明星",
    "date": "2020-01-01"
}

POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/5

{
    "name": "杨超越",
    "team_name": "美少女",
    "position": "得分后卫",
    "play_year": 10,
    "jerse_no": "32",
    "title": "打球最可爱的明星",
    "date": 1610350870
}

POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/6

{
    "name": "吴亦凡",
    "team_name": "湖人",
    "position": "得分后卫",
    "play_year": 10,
    "jerse_no": "33",
    "title": "最会说唱的明星",
    "date": 1641886870000
}

 

复杂数据类型

• 数组类型 Array

ES中没有专门的数组类型, 直接使用[]定义即可，数组中所有的值必须是同一种数据类型, 不支持混合数据类型的数组:
字符串串数组 [ "one", "two" ]
整数数组 [ 1, 2 ]
Object对象数组 [ { "name": "Louis", "age": 18 }, { "name": "Daniel", "age": 17 }]
同一个数组只能存同类型的数据，不能混存，譬如 [ 10, "some string" ] 是错误的

• 对象类型 Object

对象类型可能有内部对象

POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/8

{
    "name": "吴亦凡",
    "team_name": "湖人",
    "position": "得分后卫",
    "play_year": 10,
    "jerse_no": "33",
    "title": "最会说唱的明星",
    "date": "1641886870",
    "array": [
        "one",
        "two"
    ],
    "address": {
        "region": "China",
        "location": {
            "province": "GuangDong",
            "city": "GuangZhou"
        }
    }
}

• 索引方式

"address.region": "China",
"address.location.province": "GuangDong",
"address.location.city": "GuangZhou"

POST localhost:9200/nba/_search

{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "address.region": "china"
        }
    }
}

{
    "took": 231,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "nba",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "8",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "吴亦凡",
                    "team_name": "湖人",
                    "position": "得分后卫",
                    "play_year": 10,
                    "jerse_no": "33",
                    "title": "最会说唱的明星",
                    "date": "1641886870",
                    "array": [
                        "one",
                        "two"
                    ],
                    "address": {
                        "region": "China",
                        "location": {
                            "province": "GuangDong",
                            "city": "GuangZhou"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

专用数据类型

• IP类型

IP类型的字段用于存储IPv4或IPv6的地址, 本质上是一个长整型字段

POST localhost:9200/nba/_mapping

{
    "properties": {
        "name": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "team_name": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "position": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "play_year": {
            "type": "long"
        },
        "jerse_no": {
            "type": "keyword"
        },
        "title": {
            "type": "text"
        },
        "date": {
            "type": "date"
        },
        "ip_addr": {
            "type": "ip"
        }
    }
}

PUT localhost:9200/nba/_doc/9

{
    "name": "吴亦凡",
    "team_name": "湖人",
    "position": "得分后卫",
    "play_year": 10,
    "jerse_no": "33",
    "title": "最会说唱的明星",
    "ip_addr": "192.168.1.1"
}

POST localhost:9200/nba/_search

{
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "ip_addr": "192.168.0.0/16"
        }
    }
}

• 官网文档

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-types.html#_complex_datatypes