OpenSSL命令之算法类大全
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2022-03-05 19:19:31
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一 DH算法（Gendh/Dhparam/Dh）
1 gendh
功能：用于生成DH参数。
用法：openssl gendh [-out file ] [-rand ] [-engine e ]
选项：
-out file 输出结果到file指定的文件，如果不指定，结果显示在屏幕屏幕上
-2 将2作为生成值，此为默认值
-5 将5作为生成值
-rand 指定随机数文件
-engine e 采用Engine生成；
例子1：将DH参数打印到屏幕
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl gendh
Generating DH parameters, 512 bit long safe prime, generator 2
This is going to take a long time
..........................++*++*++*++*++*++*
-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
MEYCQQD1x7k6EepYbX+TSDTsxGCA2rNxTgsFHg9nLXThBjU5hogTMfPcOGaZxJPL
W+gPiWmvCDmDa5T26Uy3lURwzrFLAgEC
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----
例子2：将DH参数打印到文件CA_dh.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl gendh -5 -out CA_dh.pem 1024
Generating DH parameters, 1024 bit long safe prime, generator 5
This is going to take a long time
..........................
[root@localhost opensscommand]# cat CA_dh.pem
-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
MIGHAoGBAOOBKbr4HYu9SUHVeWkIypXKdMo4NpgNtERK6tm56CaZ1PzRQhHx/0h8
5I5qK8V40R+xmGmXcEM6mg/CEkdcMN64Q9H22aakXqhiGDVXXjbFm/i+jXmD8L98
Js1+eh5MSuebpdDoHy6T3QVa77nVvwx03+JrI0shjUc9XLH2TyMfAgEF
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----
2 dhparam和dh
功能：dhparam为dh参数操作和生成工具，dh命令与dhparam用法大致一致，下面只给出了dhparam的说明。
用法：openssl dhparam [-inform DER|PEM] [-outform DER|PEM] [-in filename] [-out filename] [-dsaparam] [-noout] [-check] [-text] [-C] [-2] [-5] [-rand file(s)] [-engine id] [numbits]
选项：
-inform DER|PEM 输入文件格式，DER或者PEM格式。
-outform DER|PEM 输出文件格式，DER或者PEM格式。
-in filename 读取DH参数的文件，默认为标准输入。
-out filename dh参数输出文件，默认为标准输出。
-dsaparam 生成DSA参数，并转换为DH格式。
-noout 不输出信息。
-text 打印信息。
-check 检查dh参数。
-C 以C语言风格打印信息。
-2，-5 指定2或5为发生器，默认为2，如果指定这些项，输入DH参数文件将被忽略，自动生成DH参数。
-rand files 指定随机数种子文件。
-engine id 指定硬件引擎。
-numbits 指定素数bit数，默认为512。
例子1：将DH参数输出到文件dhparam.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dhparam -out dhparam.pem -text 512
Generating DH parameters, 512 bit long safe prime, generator 2
This is going to take a long time
...............................
[root@localhost opensscommand]# cat dhparam.pem
PKCS#3 DH Parameters: (512 bit)
prime:
00:8b:fa:d6:58:ab:93:69:ab:61:23:87:e4:7e:4e:
26:8e:9b:c4:d4:03:12:56:22:ee:e7:ea:b8:e2:7a:
d2:04:f6:f4:4f:d5:3e:11:70:63:8e:ec:d1:85:40:
95:79:52:c5:7b:5f:06:46:19:b2:b0:35:e3:40:97:
a0:de:c6:cf:d3
generator: 2 (0x2)
-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
MEYCQQCL+tZYq5Npq2Ejh+R+TiaOm8TUAxJWIu7n6rjietIE9vRP1T4RcGOO7NGF
QJV5UsV7XwZGGbKwNeNAl6Dexs/TAgEC
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----
例子2：检查生成的DH参数
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dhparam -in dhparam.pem -text -check
PKCS#3 DH Parameters: (512 bit)
prime:
00:8b:fa:d6:58:ab:93:69:ab:61:23:87:e4:7e:4e:
26:8e:9b:c4:d4:03:12:56:22:ee:e7:ea:b8:e2:7a:
d2:04:f6:f4:4f:d5:3e:11:70:63:8e:ec:d1:85:40:
95:79:52:c5:7b:5f:06:46:19:b2:b0:35:e3:40:97:
a0:de:c6:cf:d3
generator: 2 (0x2)
DH parameters appear to be ok.
-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
MEYCQQCL+tZYq5Npq2Ejh+R+TiaOm8TUAxJWIu7n6rjietIE9vRP1T4RcGOO7NGF
QJV5UsV7XwZGGbKwNeNAl6Dexs/TAgEC
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----
二 摘要算法（Dgst）
1 dgst
功能：用于数据摘要。
用法：openssl dgst [-md5|-md4|-md2|-sha1|-sha|-mdc2|-ripemd160|-dss1 ] [-c] [-d ] [-hex] [-binary] [-out filename] [-sign filename] [-passin arg] [-verify filename] [-prverify filename]
[-signature filename ] [file...]
选项：
-d 打印调试信息。
-sign privatekeyfile 用privatekeyfile中的私钥签名。
-verify publickeyfile 用publickeyfile中的公钥验证签名。
-prverify privatekeyfile 用privatekeyfile中的私钥验证签名。
-keyform PEM|ENGINE 密钥格式，PEM格式或者采用Engine。
-hex 显示ASCII编码的十六进制结果，默认选项。
-binary 显示二进制数据。
-engine e 采用引擎e来运算。
-md5 默认选项，用md5进行摘要。
-md4 用md4摘要。
-md2 用md2摘要。
-sha1 用sha1摘要。
-sha 用sha摘要。
-sha256 用-sha256摘要。
-sha512 用sha512摘要。
-mdc2 用mdc2摘要。
-ripemd160 用ripemd160摘要。
例子1：各种方式显示摘要值
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dgst -hex a.txt
MD5(a.txt)= 65cf359cb255f94f9649133d6200b8b9
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dgst -binary a.txt
e?.U..=b腹
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dgst -hex -c a.txt
MD5(a.txt)= 65:cf:35:9c:b2:55:f9:4f:96:49:13:3d:62:00:b8:b9
例子2：将文件a.txt用sha512摘要，并用prikey.pem中的私钥签名。
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dgst -sign prikey.pem -sha512 -out CA_sigDgst.pem a.txt
Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
[root@localhost opensscommand]# cat CA_sigDgst.pem
5$.捻?ㄩL7.?颀.`%.5?T/x??Z?
.5??F?=?.p.g..?l??OS.?架I耵饷|io:&Q??'.on
nAv讧?L?0.妫.
三 RSA（Genrsa/Rsa/Rsautl）
1 Genrsa
功能：生成RSA密钥
用法：Openssl >genrsa [-out filename] [-passout arg] [-des3] [-rand files] [-engine id] [-numbits]
选项：
-des/des3/idea/aes128/aes192/aes256 以des/des3/idea/aes128/aes192/aes256模式加密密钥
-out file 输出文件
-f4/3 指定E 为f4/3
-rand file 指定随机数种子文件
-numbits 密钥长度，默认为512
例子1： 生成秘钥文件CA_rsa_key.pem，并要aes256模式加密秘钥文件。
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out CA_rsa_key.pem -f4 1024
[root@localhost ~]# openssl genrsa -aes256 -out CA_rsa_key.pem -f4 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
............++++++
.......................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for CA_rsa_key.pem:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for CA_rsa_key.pem:
2 Rsa
功能：用于处理RSA密钥、格式转换和打印信息。
用法：openssl rsa [-inform PEM|NET|DER] [-outform PEM|NET|DER] [-in filename] [-passin arg] [-out filename] [-passout arg] [-sgckey] [-des] [-des3]
[-idea] [-text] [-noout] [-modulus] [-check] [-pubin] [-pubout] [-engine id]
选项：
-inform DER|PEM|NET 指定输入的格式，NET格式是与老的Netscape服务以及微软的IIS兼容的一种不太安全的格式。
-outform DER|PEM|NET 指定输出格式。
-in filename 输入文件名。
-passin arg 私钥保护密钥来源，比如：-passin file:pwd.txt。
-out filename 输出的文件名。
-des|-des3|-idea 指定私钥保护加密算法。
-text 打印密钥信息。
-noout 不打印任何信息。
-modulus 打印密钥模数。
-pubin 表明输入文件为公钥，默认的输入文件是私钥。
-pubout 表明输出文件为公钥。
-check 检查RSA私钥。
-engine id 指明硬件引擎。
例子1：生成明文私钥文件key.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl genrsa -out key.pem
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
.++++++
..............++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
例子2：转换为DER编码文件key.der
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsa -in key.pem -outform der -out key.der
writing RSA key
例子3：将明文私钥文件转换为密码保护，输出到enckey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsa -inform der -in key.der -des3 -out enckey.pem
writing RSA key
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
例子4：将公钥写入文件pubkey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsa -in key.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem
writing RSA key
例子5：打印公钥信息到屏幕：
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsa -pubin -in pubkey.pem -text -modulus
Public-Key: (1024 bit)
Modulus:
00:cd:93:d9:08:ca:97:2e:5a:91:3a:b8:33:7f:1f:
84:8e:ba:16:94:ac:97:ce:b6:f5:57:5d:96:d3:fd:
1f:2f:fb:32:6b:0e:cf:82:45:77:70:12:75:56:8c:
79:a2:62:fe:07:e0:6c:8c:01:3a:41:a4:49:49:29:
fa:51:1a:cc:b3:8c:f7:1f:17:c1:b3:46:09:13:ee:
f6:1d:bc:3c:45:88:ca:5b:43:d2:18:b5:de:b9:61:
ad:b5:d4:ca:d9:1b:02:1c:88:9f:aa:07:a8:e9:9c:
27:46:e7:88:8d:02:3d:cb:62:91:e4:43:46:60:ac:
87:66:29:8f:4e:36:85:cf:bd
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
Modulus=CD93D908CA972E5A913AB8337F1F848EBA1694AC97CEB6F5575D96D3FD1F2FFB326B0ECF824577701275568C79A262FE07E06C8C013A41A4494929FA511ACCB38CF71F17C1B3460913EEF61DBC3C4588CA5B43D218B5DEB961ADB5D4CAD91B021C889FAA07A8E99C2746E7888D023DCB6291E4434660AC8766298F4E3685CFBD
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDNk9kIypcuWpE6uDN/H4SOuhaU
rJfOtvVXXZbT/R8v+zJrDs+CRXdwEnVWjHmiYv4H4GyMATpBpElJKfpRGsyzjPcf
F8GzRgkT7vYdvDxFiMpbQ9IYtd65Ya211MrZGwIciJ+qB6jpnCdG54iNAj3LYpHk
Q0ZgrIdmKY9ONoXPvQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
例子6：显示私钥信息
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsa -in enckey.pem
Enter pass phrase for enckey.pem:
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
3 Rsatul
功能：rsautl为RSA工具，能够使用RSA算法签名，验证身份，加密/解密数据。
用法：openssl rsautl [-in file] [-out file] [-inkey file] [-pubin] [-certin] [-sign] [-verify] [-encrypt] [-decrypt]
[-pkcs] [-ssl] [-raw] [-hexdump] [-engine e] [-passin arg]
选项：
-in filename 指定输入文件名，缺省为标准输入。
-out filename 指定输入文件名，缺省为标准输出。
-inkey file 输入私钥文件名。
-pubin 表明我们输入的是一个公钥文件，默认输入为私钥文件。
-certin 表明我们输入的是一个证书文件。
-sign 给输入的数据签名。
-verify 对输入的数据进行验证。
-encrypt 用公钥对输入数据加密。
-decrypt 用私钥对输入数据解密。
-pkcs, -oaep, -ssl, -raw 指定填充方式，上述四个值分别代表：PKCS#1.5(默认值)、 PKCS#1OAEP、SSLv2以及不填充。
-hexdump 用十六进制输出数据。
-engine e 指定硬件引擎。
-passin arg 指定私钥保护口令的来源，比如：-passin file:pwd.txt。
例子1：生成RSA密钥文件prikey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out prikey.pem
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
..........................++++++
...........++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
例子2：分离出公钥文件pubkey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsa -in prikey.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem
Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
writing RSA key
例子3：对a.txt文件签名，签名输出到屏幕
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsautl -sign -inkey prikey.pem -in a.txt -hexdump
Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
0000 - 0c 71 0b a2 d3 37 ee 96-15 b5 ae fe 78 66 06 84 .q...7......xf..
0010 - bb bb a6 15 5c 97 cd 3a-62 b3 ec 5a a2 10 e1 43 ....\..:b..Z...C
0020 - 45 8a 19 b0 d7 dd 42 3c-9d 6f d2 96 e4 22 99 89 E.....B<.o..."..
0030 - 5c 26 3f a8 e1 bb eb f8-1f 75 48 0d a4 20 b2 5e \&?......uH.. .^
0040 - fc 04 06 5d 9b 1b 6f 36-88 26 ab 05 fa 0f 91 c2 ...]..o6.&......
0050 - 2c e9 aa cd d7 e5 52 98-f3 d3 27 91 e9 a0 ed 25 ,.....R...'....%
0060 - 78 bc e4 a9 52 9c df 1f-c5 ff 6c 8f 88 8b e2 8d x...R.....l.....
0070 - cf 30 4e 0e 55 38 51 3a-ea 35 51 07 87 bf e1 d9 .0N.U8Q:.5Q.....
例子4：对a.txt文件签名，签名文件为sig.dat
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsautl -sign -inkey prikey.pem -in a.txt -out sig.dat
Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
例子5：验证签名
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsautl -verify -inkey prikey.pem -in sig.dat
Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
ttest
例子6：公钥加密a.txt，机密后的文件为b.txt
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey pubkey.pem -in a.txt -out b.txt
例子7：私钥解密b.txt
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey prikey.pem -in b.txt
Enter pass phrase for prikey.pem:
ttest
四 椭圆曲线算法（Ecparam/Ec）
1 ecparam
功能：椭圆曲线密钥参数生成及操作。
用法：openssl ecparam [-inform DER|PEM] [-outform DER|PEM] [-in filename] [-out filename] [-noout] [-text] [-C]
[-check] [-name arg] [-list_curve] [-conv_form arg] [-param_enc arg] [-no_seed] [-rand file(s)] [-genkey] [-engine id]
选项：
-inform DER|PEM 输入文件格式。
-outform DER|PEM 输出文件格式。
-in filename 输入文件。
-out filename 输出文件。
-noout 不打印信息。
-text 打印信息。
-C 以C语言风格打印信息。
-check 检查参数。
-name arg 采用短名字。
-list_curves 打印所有可用的短名字。
-conv_form arg 指定信息存放方式，可以是compressed、uncompressed或者hybrid，默认为compressed。
-param_enc arg 指定参数编码方法，可以是named_curve和explicit，默认为named_curve。
-no_seed 如果-param_enc指定编码方式为explicit，不采用随机数种子。
-rand file(s) 指定随机数种子。
-genkey 生成密钥。
-engine id 指定硬件引擎。
例子1：打印所有可用的短名字
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ecparam -list_curves
secp384r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 384 bit prime field
secp521r1 : NIST/SECG curve over a 521 bit prime field
prime256v1: X9.62/SECG curve over a 256 bit prime field
例子2：生成椭圆曲线密钥，打印到屏幕
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ecparam -name secp384r1 -genkey -text
ASN1 OID: secp384r1
-----BEGIN EC PARAMETERS-----
BgUrgQQAIg==
-----END EC PARAMETERS-----
-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
MIGkAgEBBDDbMZ0LbFJsV04INQaDc5wJtXa83yCnu84BO/lDzeRi7l2Ce1xQu0qU
J4nktlZ1CDSgBwYFK4EEACKhZANiAARbG35i5AdcJ1ciCfbuH0VmTndhCFaL2AuN
wacjBxgExyc82U9efp6BmaWIBYwMIyZSkzfj2mZkKJvQXWfKPiKqXXJ37TeLIvgA
fMMCxFkiLkuJjL5m6an0d6JSDKGh5AE=
-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
例子3：生成椭圆曲线密钥，输出到secp384.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ecparam -name secp384r1 -out secp384.pem
例子4：更新生成密钥
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl req -newkey ec:secp384.pem
Generating a 384 bit EC private key
writing new private key to 'privkey.pem'
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:ch
State or Province Name (full name) []:sd
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:weiruan
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:re
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:er
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:df
Email Address []:fd
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:df
string is too short, it needs to be at least 4 bytes long
A challenge password []:dfdf
An optional company name []:df
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
2 ec
功能：椭圆曲线密钥处理工具。
用法：openssl ec [-inform PEM|DER] [-outform PEM|DER] [-in filename] [-passin arg] [-out filename] [-passout arg]
[-des] [-des3] [-idea] [-text] [-noout] [-param_out] [-pubin] [-pubout] [-conv_form arg] [-param_enc arg] [-engine id]
选项：
-inform PEM|DER 输入文件格式。
-outform PEM|DER 输出文件格式。
-in filename 输入文件名。
-passin arg 私钥保护口令来源。
-out filename 输出文件名。
-passout arg 输出文件保护口令来源。
-des，-des3，-idea 私钥保护算法。
-noout 不输出信息。
-param_out 输出参数。
-pubin 输入的是公钥。
-pubout 输出公钥。
-conv_form arg 指定信息存放方式，可以是compressed、uncompressed或者hybrid，默认为compressed。
-param_enc arg 指定参数编码方法，可以是named_curve和explicit，默认为named_curve。
-engine id 指定硬件引擎。
例子1：生成ec私钥，输出到文件eckey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ecparam -genkey -name secp384r1 -out eckey.pem -text
例子2：转换为DER编码，输出到eckey.der
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ec -outform der -in eckey.pem -out eckey.der
read EC key
writing EC key
例子3：给私钥eckey.pem进行口令保护，写入文件enceckey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ec -in eckey.pem -des -out enceckey.pem
read EC key
writing EC key
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
例子4：将公钥写入文件ecpubkey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ec -in eckey.pem -pubout -out ecpubkey.pem
read EC key
writing EC key
例子5：显示密钥信息
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ec -in eckey.pem -text
read EC key
Private-Key: (384 bit)
priv:
54:23:d8:0a:c8:4c:d9:f1:48:2e:05:33:e5:9c:eb:
26:14:93:b0:49:f0:78:85:32:ce:09:bd:ec:02:13:
95:f1:e5:45:57:91:42:95:79:ca:8c:67:3b:bc:bb:
10:4c:cd
pub:
04:48:d3:7e:5d:40:37:56:81:2c:20:f6:b6:3e:51:
a2:f4:25:d5:e8:c0:a4:6b:bf:ed:18:1d:19:58:37:
e8:c6:10:49:c7:66:bc:d0:4e:06:ec:cc:4a:a9:4d:
a8:3c:80:e5:61:5c:b7:d9:1a:84:94:be:84:0b:83:
d4:35:77:61:5d:cf:bd:27:1b:30:d7:d1:85:d3:38:
5b:8b:72:d6:e1:f8:f0:cc:2e:04:70:29:70:44:7a:
bf:35:12:49:24:11:a0
ASN1 OID: secp384r1
writing EC key
-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
MIGkAgEBBDBUI9gKyEzZ8UguBTPlnOsmFJOwSfB4hTLOCb3sAhOV8eVFV5FClXnK
jGc7vLsQTM2gBwYFK4EEACKhZANiAARI035dQDdWgSwg9rY+UaL0JdXowKRrv+0Y
HRlYN+jGEEnHZrzQTgbszEqpTag8gOVhXLfZGoSUvoQLg9Q1d2Fdz70nGzDX0YXT
OFuLctbh+PDMLgRwKXBEer81EkkkEaA=
-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
例子6：显示公钥信息
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl ec -in ecpubkey.pem -pubin -text
read EC key
Private-Key: (384 bit)
pub:
04:48:d3:7e:5d:40:37:56:81:2c:20:f6:b6:3e:51:
a2:f4:25:d5:e8:c0:a4:6b:bf:ed:18:1d:19:58:37:
e8:c6:10:49:c7:66:bc:d0:4e:06:ec:cc:4a:a9:4d:
a8:3c:80:e5:61:5c:b7:d9:1a:84:94:be:84:0b:83:
d4:35:77:61:5d:cf:bd:27:1b:30:d7:d1:85:d3:38:
5b:8b:72:d6:e1:f8:f0:cc:2e:04:70:29:70:44:7a:
bf:35:12:49:24:11:a0
ASN1 OID: secp384r1
writing EC key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MHYwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEACIDYgAESNN+XUA3VoEsIPa2PlGi9CXV6MCka7/t
GB0ZWDfoxhBJx2a80E4G7MxKqU2oPIDlYVy32RqElL6EC4PUNXdhXc+9Jxsw19GF
0zhbi3LW4fjwzC4EcClwRHq/NRJJJBGg
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
例子7：转换为pkcs8格式eckeypk8.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -in eckey.pem -out eckeypk8.pem
Enter Encryption Password:
Verifying - Enter Encryption Password:
五 DSA算法（Dsa/Dsaparam/Gendsa）
1 dsa
功能：dsa命令用于处理DSA密钥、格式转换和打印信息。
用法：openssl dsa [-inform PEM|DER] [-outform PEM|DER] [-in filename]
[-passin arg] [-out filename] [-passout arg] [-des] [-des3] [-idea]
[-text] [-noout] [-modulus] [-engine id]
选项：
-inform 输入dsa密钥格式，PEM或DER。
-outform 输出文件格式，PEM或DER。
-in filename 输入的DSA密钥文件名。
-passin arg 指定私钥包含口令存放方式。比如用户将私钥的保护口令写入一个文件，采用此选项指定此文件，可以免去用户输入口令的操作。
比如用户将口令写入文件“pwd.txt”，输入的参数为：-passin file:pwd.txt。
-out filename 指定输出文件名。
-passout arg 输出文件口令保护存放方式。
-des -des3 -idea 指定私钥保护加密算法。
-text 打印所有信息。
-noout 不打印信息。
-modulus 打印公钥信息。
-engine id 指定引擎。
例子1：生成dsa参数文件
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsaparam -out dsaparam.pem 1024
Generating DSA parameters, 1024 bit long prime
This could take some time
.......+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*
..+..+......+..+...+................+.+....+........+....+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*
例子2：根据dsa参数文件生成dsa密钥dsakey.pem
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl gendsa -out dsakey.pem dsaparam.pem
Generating DSA key, 1024 bits
例子3：将PME密钥转换为DER密钥:
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsa -in dsakey.pem -outform DER -out dsakeyder.pem
read DSA key
writing DSA key
例子4：打印密钥模数:
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsa -in dsakey.pem -modulus
read DSA key
Public Key=60CF98F7AED1CF716EDB67F2D366F8E9F10187D53BFD737D01B9ADDA768BE94CDC12DD2E8F66533F9C1BF1FF4515752077ECEB574C90262B4B7776B08E6D97B6BC40CB643D4A1FE1891CB131C7F4C772416D38A040F29760ECB1242B6C7BB8DCF5E672D8B3296971C194268D84D48DB65F2D09C90BD472DC24372C76E7C5B096
writing DSA key
-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
例子5：打印所有信息:
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsa -in dsakey.pem -text
read DSA key
Private-Key: (1024 bit)
priv:
7f:fe:08:1c:a6:60:45:6c:5f:73:cf:e1:ab:8c:61:
15:8c:e7:4c:69
pub:
60:cf:98:f7:ae:d1:cf:71:6e:db:67:f2:d3:66:f8:
e9:f1:01:87:d5:3b:fd:73:7d:01:b9:ad:da:76:8b:
e9:4c:dc:12:dd:2e:8f:66:53:3f:9c:1b:f1:ff:45:
15:75:20:77:ec:eb:57:4c:90:26:2b:4b:77:76:b0:
8e:6d:97:b6:bc:40:cb:64:3d:4a:1f:e1:89:1c:b1:
31:c7:f4:c7:72:41:6d:38:a0:40:f2:97:60:ec:b1:
24:2b:6c:7b:b8:dc:f5:e6:72:d8:b3:29:69:71:c1:
94:26:8d:84:d4:8d:b6:5f:2d:09:c9:0b:d4:72:dc:
24:37:2c:76:e7:c5:b0:96
P:
00:cc:78:9a:c0:b2:45:20:98:ff:9f:9d:6c:0a:c7:
13:00:18:9d:9b:ad:b2:b4:0d:f4:99:51:41:2d:86:
b2:31:a5:e5:c7:7f:14:52:8d:0b:b4:ff:3a:2a:43:
9f:7e:af:b9:f7:4f:cc:40:e2:94:b8:b3:52:f3:e3:
8d:13:53:aa:76:fd:c6:87:d9:27:31:4d:4d:2a:4e:
10:e2:b4:68:f6:a7:e8:b8:54:33:10:b9:c4:7a:35:
01:33:6a:56:7d:11:c5:9f:35:87:73:ac:f0:76:87:
6c:34:54:f1:e8:1b:28:c1:2f:cd:e9:dd:ff:86:a5:
85:05:e3:46:d1:2f:2e:63:f1
Q:
00:f4:dd:f0:d9:28:ae:c6:b8:65:8c:76:d5:60:34:
5f:2c:43:82:5d:ef
G:
00:af:e5:fd:86:30:08:59:0e:9b:a4:14:ae:3c:cc:
5c:07:2c:f9:ea:1b:ac:0f:51:55:36:32:8f:8d:88:
f1:6d:34:09:e9:cc:47:e4:f7:92:82:44:f0:bd:b2:
39:95:2f:a8:8c:2e:a8:fd:3a:15:51:b1:8d:a5:45:
99:27:b8:3e:c1:e5:ad:00:a2:be:66:7e:d3:7f:2c:
1c:b0:d7:c8:09:19:4d:85:dc:e3:4d:55:38:d4:c5:
a1:57:79:1f:19:bb:4b:72:ad:5a:48:2e:2c:37:37:
f0:38:df:39:bc:ab:e6:c5:cf:2b:9a:24:9c:c8:10:
f7:a8:2d:90:64:2b:20:97:79
writing DSA key
-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
例子6：将dsa密钥加密存放:
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsa -in dsakey.pem -des -out enckey.pem
read DSA key
writing DSA key
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
2 dsaparam
功能：dsaparam命令用于生成和操作dsa参数。
用法：openssl dsaparam [-inform DER|PEM] [-outform DER|PEM] [-in filename ] [-out filename] [-noout] [-text] [-C] [-rand file(s)] [-genkey] [-engine id] [numbits]
选项：
-inform DER|PEM 输入文件格式。
-outform DER|PME 输出文件格式。
-in filename 输入文件名。
-out filename 输出文件名。
-nout 不打印输出信息。
-text 打印内容信息。
-C 以C语言格式打印信息。
-rand file(s) 指定随机数种子文件，多个文件用冒号分开。
-genkey 生成dsa密钥。
-engine id 指定硬件引擎。
number 生成密钥时指定密钥大小。
例子1：生成DSA密钥：
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsaparam -genkey 512 -out dsa.pem
Generating DSA parameters, 512 bit long prime
This could take some time
......+......+....+....+.+............+...+..+....+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*
......+.................+........+......+.........+....+.................+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*
例子2：打印密钥信息：
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsaparam -in dsa.pem -text
P:
00:d8:97:81:90:47:40:60:c9:fd:bb:09:db:15:4f:
04:19:91:61:c2:17:e2:c3:c7:1f:73:48:b6:01:4f:
d5:22:16:56:09:98:65:1d:2b:5b:e9:5e:e3:d9:41:
cf:61:ae:26:d7:9c:42:08:4f:05:3c:22:94:cc:2d:
d0:8b:34:0c:87
Q:
00:d5:ed:e2:9e:52:2d:54:28:e5:ab:14:11:76:70:
ca:c1:87:bf:0a:05
G:
50:8b:3f:49:e6:05:7f:20:73:bf:4f:7b:8c:a5:29:
91:c2:79:fa:13:06:12:e4:cc:4b:9d:9e:95:8b:23:
7b:a6:65:a8:79:63:d6:03:19:3e:22:08:ec:4c:29:
ff:c9:40:a8:09:db:67:d6:b7:de:db:1a:a8:9e:ff:
98:ca:c4:e1
-----BEGIN DSA PARAMETERS-----
MIGcAkEA2JeBkEdAYMn9uwnbFU8EGZFhwhfiw8cfc0i2AU/VIhZWCZhlHStb6V7j
2UHPYa4m15xCCE8FPCKUzC3QizQMhwIVANXt4p5SLVQo5asUEXZwysGHvwoFAkBQ
iz9J5gV/IHO/T3uMpSmRwnn6EwYS5MxLnZ6ViyN7pmWoeWPWAxk+IgjsTCn/yUCo
Cdtn1rfe2xqonv+YysTh
-----END DSA PARAMETERS-----
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsaparam -in dsa.pem -C
static unsigned char dsa512_p[]={
0xD8,0x97,0x81,0x90,0x47,0x40,0x60,0xC9,0xFD,0xBB,0x09,0xDB,
0x15,0x4F,0x04,0x19,0x91,0x61,0xC2,0x17,0xE2,0xC3,0xC7,0x1F,
0x73,0x48,0xB6,0x01,0x4F,0xD5,0x22,0x16,0x56,0x09,0x98,0x65,
0x1D,0x2B,0x5B,0xE9,0x5E,0xE3,0xD9,0x41,0xCF,0x61,0xAE,0x26,
0xD7,0x9C,0x42,0x08,0x4F,0x05,0x3C,0x22,0x94,0xCC,0x2D,0xD0,
0x8B,0x34,0x0C,0x87,
};
static unsigned char dsa512_q[]={
0xD5,0xED,0xE2,0x9E,0x52,0x2D,0x54,0x28,0xE5,0xAB,0x14,0x11,
0x76,0x70,0xCA,0xC1,0x87,0xBF,0x0A,0x05,
};
static unsigned char dsa512_g[]={
0x50,0x8B,0x3F,0x49,0xE6,0x05,0x7F,0x20,0x73,0xBF,0x4F,0x7B,
0x8C,0xA5,0x29,0x91,0xC2,0x79,0xFA,0x13,0x06,0x12,0xE4,0xCC,
0x4B,0x9D,0x9E,0x95,0x8B,0x23,0x7B,0xA6,0x65,0xA8,0x79,0x63,
0xD6,0x03,0x19,0x3E,0x22,0x08,0xEC,0x4C,0x29,0xFF,0xC9,0x40,
0xA8,0x09,0xDB,0x67,0xD6,0xB7,0xDE,0xDB,0x1A,0xA8,0x9E,0xFF,
0x98,0xCA,0xC4,0xE1,
};
DSA *get_dsa512()
{
DSA *dsa;
if ((dsa=DSA_new()) == NULL) return(NULL);
dsa->p=BN_bin2bn(dsa512_p,sizeof(dsa512_p),NULL);
dsa->q=BN_bin2bn(dsa512_q,sizeof(dsa512_q),NULL);
dsa->g=BN_bin2bn(dsa512_g,sizeof(dsa512_g),NULL);
if ((dsa->p == NULL) || (dsa->q == NULL) || (dsa->g == NULL))
{ DSA_free(dsa); return(NULL); }
return(dsa);
}
-----BEGIN DSA PARAMETERS-----
MIGcAkEA2JeBkEdAYMn9uwnbFU8EGZFhwhfiw8cfc0i2AU/VIhZWCZhlHStb6V7j
2UHPYa4m15xCCE8FPCKUzC3QizQMhwIVANXt4p5SLVQo5asUEXZwysGHvwoFAkBQ
iz9J5gV/IHO/T3uMpSmRwnn6EwYS5MxLnZ6ViyN7pmWoeWPWAxk+IgjsTCn/yUCo
Cdtn1rfe2xqonv+YysTh
-----END DSA PARAMETERS-----
3 gendsa
功能：gendsa根据DSA密钥参数生成DSA密钥，dsa密钥参数可用dsaparam命令生成。
用法：openssl gendsa [-out filename] [-des] [-des3] [-idea] [-rand file(s)] [-engine id] [paramfile]
选项：
-out filename 指定输出文件。
-des|-des3|-idea|-aes128|-aes192|-aes256 指定私钥口令保护算法，如果不指定，私钥将被明文存放。
-rand file(s) 指定随机数种子文件，多个文件用冒号分开。
-engine id 指定硬件引擎。
paramfile 指定使用的DSA密钥参数文件。
例子1：生成DSA参数：
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl dsaparam -genkey 512 -out dsaparam.pem
Generating DSA parameters, 512 bit long prime
This could take some time
...+..+..+......+.....................+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*
...................+...+.............+........+......+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*
例子2：生成DSA密钥：
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl gendsa -des3 -out encdsa.pem dsaparam.pem
Generating DSA key, 512 bits
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
六 对称算法（Enc）
1 Enc
功能：对称加解密工具，可以进行base64编码转换。
用法：Openssl enc -ciphername [-in ][pass][bufsize] [nopad][kfile] [e d a A p P ] [debug]
参数：
-ciphername 对称算法名字
-pass arg 指定密码保护来源；
-e 加密
-d 解密
-a 自动在加密后，解密前，进行base64编解码；
-p 打印出使用的salt、口令以及初始化变量iv；
-P 同p ，只不做加解密操作；
-bufsize 设置IO擦左缓冲区大小；
-debug 调试信息；
例子1： 加密a.txt，密文存到b.txt
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl enc -des3 -e -in a.txt -out b.txt
enter des-ede3-cbc encryption password:
Verifying - enter des-ede3-cbc encryption password:
[root@localhost opensscommand]# cat b.txt
Salted__+.聆?.L~?.m
例子2： 解密b.txt，解密后文件存到c.txt
[root@localhost opensscommand]# openssl enc -des3 -d -in b.txt -out c.txt
enter des-ede3-cbc decryption password:
[root@localhost opensscommand]# cat c.txt
ttest