简单的入门springDataJpa
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2022-04-15 23:43:59
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springDataJpa
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Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装,是在JPA规范下的专门用来进行数据持久化的解决方案
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springDataJpa,jpa,hibernate关系三者的关系
springDataJpa的入门操作
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搭建环境
1. 创建工程导入坐标
2. 配置spring的配置文件 (配置spring Data jpa的整合)
3. 编写实体类(Customer),使用jpa注解配置映射关系 -
编写一个符合springDataJpa的dao层接口
* 只需要编写dao层接口,不需要编写dao层接口的实现类
* dao层接口规范
1. 需要继承两个接口(JpaRepository, JpaSpecificationExecutor)
2. 需要提供响应的泛型
- 常用的方法
* findOne(id) : 根据id查询 立即加载
* getOne(id) : 根据id查询 延迟加载
* save(customer) : 保存或者更新(依据: 传递的实体类对象中,是否包含id属性)
* delete(id) : 根据id删除
* findAll() : 查询全部
1.导入的xml坐标
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring对orm框架的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring data jpa 的坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
2. 配置spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml
在resources目录下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!-- spring和 spring data jpa的配置 -->
<!-- 1. 创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理 -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包) -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.test.domain"/>
<!-- jpa的实现厂家 -->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
</property>
<!-- jpa的供应商适配器 -->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!-- 配置是否自动配置数据库表 -->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!-- 指定数据库类型 -->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<!-- 数据库方言, 支持的特有语法 -->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<!-- 是否显示sql语句 -->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
<!-- jpa的方言,高级的特性 -->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 2.创建数据库连接词 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
</bean>
<!-- 3.整合spring data jpa -->
<jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itcast.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<!-- 4. 配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- 6. 配置包扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.test"/>
3. 编写实体类(Customer),使用jpa注解配置映射关系
- 1.) 用到的数据库表
- 2.) 建表语句
/*创建客户表*/
CREATE TABLE cst_customer (
cust_id BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
cust_name VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
cust_source VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
cust_industry VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
cust_level VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
cust_address VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系地址',
cust_phone VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系电话',
PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=94 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
- 3.) 建立实体类
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "cust_id")
private Long custId; //客户的主键
@Column(name = "cust_name")
private String custName; //客户名称
@Column(name = "cust_source")
private String custSource; //客户来源
@Column(name = "cust_level")
private String custLevel; //客户级别
@Column(name = "cust_industry")
private String custIndustry; //客户所属行业
@Column(name = "cust_phone")
private String custPhone; //客户的联系方式
@Column(name = "cust_address")
private String custAddress; //客户地址
//get和set省略
//toString省略
}
}
- 注解解释
@Entity: 声明实体类
@Table: 配置实体类和表的映射关系
name: 配置数据库表的名称
注: 我这里的数据库表名是cst_customer
@Id: 声明主键的配置
@GeneratedValue: 配置主键的生成策略
strategy
GenerationType.IDENTITY : 自增 注: 一般用于mysql数据库
* 底层数据库必须支持自动增长(底层数据库支持的自动增长方式,对id自增)
GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列, 注: 一般用于oracle数据库
* 注: 一般主要就是用这两种了,另外两种很少用到
@Column: 配置属性和字段的隐射关系
name: 代表数据库表中字段的名称
注: 我这里每个基本都和数据库相对应
编写一个符合springDataJpa的dao层接口
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}
注:
符合springDataJpa的dao层接口规范
JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型>
* 封装了基本的CRUD操作
JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
* 封装了复杂查询 (分页)
小案例
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") //指定spring容器的配置信息
public class CustomerDaoTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
/**
* 根据id查询
*/
@Test
public void testFindOne() {
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(3L);
System.out.println(customer);
}
}
- 除了哪些自带的方法, 还能自己在dao内写复杂的查询.