MySql简单安装与配置

MySql安装

这里介绍的是便携版安装配置 便携版下载地址
官方提供有安装版, 简单方便 安装版下载地址

官方配置文档

1. my.ini

2. # Other default tuning values
   # MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
   # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
   #
   #
   # Installation Instructions
   # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   #
   # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
   # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
   # (@[e-mail] for this installation) or to
   # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
   #
   # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory 
   # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To
   # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option 
   # "--defaults-file". 
   #
   # To run the server from the command line, execute this in a 
   # command line shell, e.g.
   # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
   #
   # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a 
   # command line shell, e.g.
   # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
   #
   # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
   # net start MySQLXY
   #
   #
   # Guidelines for editing this file
   # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   #
   # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
   # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
   # with the "--help" option.
   #
   # More detailed information about the individual options can also be
   # found in the manual.
   #
   # For advice on how to change settings please see
   # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
   #
   #
   # CLIENT SECTION
   # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   #
   # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
   # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
   # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
   # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
   # MySQL client library initialization.
   #
   [client]
   
   # pipe=
   
   # socket=MYSQL
   
   port=3306
   
   [mysql]
   no-beep
   
   # default-character-set=
   
   # SERVER SECTION
   # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   #
   # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
   # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this 
   # file.
   #
   # server_type=3
   [mysqld]
   
   # The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.
   # skip-networking
   # enable-named-pipe
   # shared-memory
   
   # shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL
   
   # The Pipe the MySQL Server will use
   # socket=MYSQL
   
   # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
   port=3306
   
   # Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
   # basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/"
   
   # Path to the database root
   # datadir=C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/Data
   
   # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
   # created and no character set is defined
   # character-set-server=
   
   # The default authentication plugin to be used when connecting to the server
   default_authentication_plugin=caching_sha2_password
   
   # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
   default-storage-engine=INNODB
   
   # Set the SQL mode to strict
   sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
   
   # General and Slow logging.
   log-output=FILE
   
   general-log=0
   
   general_log_file="DESKTOP-KT95ASM.log"
   
   slow-query-log=1
   
   slow_query_log_file="DESKTOP-KT95ASM-slow.log"
   
   long_query_time=10
   
   # Error Logging.
   log-error="DESKTOP-KT95ASM.err"
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Specifies the base name to use for binary log files. With binary logging
   # enabled, the server logs all statements that change data to the binary
   # log, which is used for backup and replication.
   log-bin="DESKTOP-KT95ASM-bin"
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Sets the binary logging format, and can be any one of STATEMENT, ROW,
   # or MIXED. ROW is suggested for Group Replication.
   # binlog_format
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Causes the master to write a checksum for each event in the binary log.
   # binlog_checksum supports the values NONE (disabled) and CRC32.
   # The default is CRC32. When disabled (value NONE), the server verifies
   # that it is writing only complete events to the binary log by writing
   # and checking the event length (rather than a checksum) for each event.
   # NONE must be used with Group Replication.
   # binlog_checksum
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # The base name for the relay log. The server creates relay log files in
   # sequence by adding a numeric suffix to the base name. If you specify this
   # option, the value specified is also used as the base name for the relay log
   # index file. Relay logs increase speed by using load-balancing between disks.
   # relay_log
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Specifies the server ID. For servers that are used in a replication topology,
   # you must specify a unique server ID for each replication server, in the
   # range from 1 to 2^32 − 1. “Unique” means that each ID must be different
   # from every other ID in use by any other replication master or slave.
   server-id=1
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # The host name or IP address of the slave to be reported to the master
   # during slave registration. This value appears in the output of SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
   # on the master server. Leave the value unset if you do not want the slave to
   # register itself with the master.
   # report_host=0.0
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # The TCP/IP port number for connecting to the slave, to be reported to the master during
   # slave registration. Set this only if the slave is listening on a nondefault port or if
   # you have a special tunnel from the master or other clients to the slave.
   report_port=3306
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # This option specifies whether global transaction identifiers (GTIDs) are
   # used to identify transactions. ON must be used with Group Replication.
   # gtid_mode
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # When enabled, the server enforces GTID consistency by allowing execution of
   # only statements that can be safely logged using a GTID. You must set this
   # option to ON before enabling GTID based replication.
   # enforce_gtid_consistency
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Whether updates received by a slave server from a master server should be
   # logged to the slave's own binary log. Binary logging must be enabled on
   # the slave for this variable to have any effect. ON must be used with
   # Group Replication.
   # log_slave_updates
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Determines whether the slave server logs master status and connection information
   # to an InnoDB table in the mysql database, or to a file in the data directory.
   # The TABLE setting is required when multiple replication channels are configured.
   # master_info_repository
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Determines whether the slave server logs its position in the relay logs to an InnoDB
   # table in the mysql database, or to a file in the data directory. The TABLE setting is
   # required when multiple replication channels are configured.
   # relay_log_info_repository
   
   # ***** Group Replication Related *****
   # Defines the algorithm used to hash the writes extracted during a transaction. If you
   # are using Group Replication, this variable must be set to XXHASH64 because the process
   # of extracting the writes from a transaction is required for conflict detection on all
   # group members.
   # transaction_write_set_extraction
   
   # NOTE: Modify this value after Server initialization won't take effect.
   lower_case_table_names=1
   
   # Secure File Priv.
   # secure-file-priv="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/Uploads"
   
   # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
   # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
   # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
   # connection limit has been reached.
   max_connections=151
   
   # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
   # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
   # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
   # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
   # section [mysqld_safe]
   table_open_cache=2000
   
   # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
   # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
   # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
   # of them.
   tmp_table_size=14M
   
   # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
   # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
   # more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
   # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
   # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
   # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
   thread_cache_size=10
   
   #*** MyISAM Specific options
   # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
   # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
   # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
   # through the key cache (which is slower).
   myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
   
   # The size of the buffer that is allocated when sorting MyISAM indexes
   # during a REPAIR TABLE or when creating indexes with CREATE INDEX
   # or ALTER TABLE.
   myisam_sort_buffer_size=20M
   
   # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
   # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
   # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
   # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
   # used for internal temporary disk tables.
   key_buffer_size=8M
   
   # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
   # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
   read_buffer_size=40K
   
   read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
   
   #*** INNODB Specific options ***
   # innodb_data_home_dir=
   
   # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
   # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
   # and speed up some things.
   # skip-innodb
   
   # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
   # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
   # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
   # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
   # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
   # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
   # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
   # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
   innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
   
   # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
   # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
   # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
   # (even with long transactions).
   innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
   
   # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
   # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
   # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
   # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
   # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
   # cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you
   # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
   # set it too high.
   innodb_buffer_pool_size=8M
   
   # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
   # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
   # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
   # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
   # recovery process.
   innodb_log_file_size=48M
   
   # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
   # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
   # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
   innodb_thread_concurrency=9
   
   # The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full.
   innodb_autoextend_increment=64
   
   # The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into.
   # For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency,
   # by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages.
   innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
   
   # Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently.
   innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
   
   # Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before
   # it can be moved to the new sublist.
   innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
   
   # It specifies the maximum number of .ibd files that MySQL can keep open at one time. The minimum value is 10.
   innodb_open_files=300
   
   # When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements.
   innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
   
   # When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table
   # in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace.
   innodb_file_per_table=1
   
   # Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none.
   innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
   
   # The number of outstanding connection requests MySQL can have.
   # This option is useful when the main MySQL thread gets many connection requests in a very short time.
   # It then takes some time (although very little) for the main thread to check the connection and start a new thread.
   # The back_log value indicates how many requests can be stacked during this short time before MySQL momentarily
   # stops answering new requests.
   # You need to increase this only if you expect a large number of connections in a short period of time.
   back_log=80
   
   # If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and
   # synchronize unflushed data to disk.
   # This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources.
   flush_time=0
   
   # The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use
   # indexes and thus perform full table scans.
   join_buffer_size=256K
   
   # The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the
   # mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function.
   max_allowed_packet=4M
   
   # If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection,
   # the server blocks that host from performing further connections.
   max_connect_errors=100
   
   # Changes the number of file descriptors available to mysqld.
   # You should try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives you the error "Too many open files".
   open_files_limit=4161
   
   # If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the
   # sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization
   # or improved indexing.
   sort_buffer_size=256K
   
   # The number of table definitions (from .frm files) that can be stored in the definition cache.
   # If you use a large number of tables, you can create a large table definition cache to speed up opening of tables.
   # The table definition cache takes less space and does not use file descriptors, unlike the normal table cache.
   # The minimum and default values are both 400.
   table_definition_cache=1400
   
   # Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes.
   # Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256.
   binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
   
   # If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its master.info file to disk.
   # (using fdatasync()) after every sync_master_info events.
   sync_master_info=10000
   
   # If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk.
   # (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log.
   sync_relay_log=10000
   
   # If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk.
   # (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions.
   sync_relay_log_info=10000
   
   # Load mysql plugins at start."plugin_x ; plugin_y".
   # plugin_load
   
   # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server X Protocol will listen on.
   loose_mysqlx_port=33060
   
   

   里面其实没几个需要设置的, 主要看以下几项, 当然也可以根据需求设置:

   [client]
   # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集, 个人感觉设不设无所谓
   default-character-set=utf8
    
   [mysqld]
   # 设置3306端口, 默认即是
   port = 3306
   
   # 设置mysql的安装目录, 新版其实也不需要, my.ini放根目录即可
   # basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/"
   
   # 设置 mysql数据库的数据存放目录，新版不需要
   # datadir=C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/Data
   
   # 允许最大连接数, 默认为151
   max_connections=20
   
   # 服务端使用的字符集编码
   character-set-server=utf8
   
   # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎, 默认即是
   default-storage-engine=INNODB
   
   # 可更改默认日志名称等, 
   # 下面这几项不设置, 即注释掉, 那么mysql会默认在user文件夹 (即%USERPROFILE%) 下生成这些必要文件
   # 若设置并指定名称, 则会生成在: 安装根目录/data文件夹下
   general_log_file="DESKTOP-KT95ASM.log"
   slow_query_log_file="DESKTOP-KT95ASM-slow.log"
   log-error="DESKTOP-KT95ASM.err"
   log-bin="DESKTOP-KT95ASM-bin"
   

安装命令

1. 管理员权限启动PowerShell或CMD :

2. 切换到安装目录

   cd <安装目录/bin>
   

   

3. 初始化数据库

   cmd:
   mysqld --initialize --console
   shell:
   .\mysqld --initialize --console
   

4. 记住初始密码
   

5. 安装mysqld服务

   cmd:
   mysqld install
   shell:
   .\mysqld install
   

   

6. 启动mysqld服务

   net start mysql
   

   
   可以从服务里看到MySql服务已成功运行

7. 修改初始密码
   登陆mysql :

   cmd:
   mysql -uroot -p
   shell:
   .\mysql -uroot -p
   

   输入刚刚记下的初始密码 :
   
   进入以后, 输入命令 :

   ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
   

   
   退出, 使用新密码登录
   
   完成