运行spyder报错 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘urllib2‘

windows10下通过Anaconda prompt进入tensorflow环境

在该环境下打开spyder会抛出异常

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'urllib2'

(base) C:\Users\qingke3>conda activate tensorflow

(tensorflow) C:\Users\qingke3>spyder
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\external\github.py", line 51, in <module>
    from urllib2 import build_opener, HTTPSHandler, Request, HTTPError
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'urllib2'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\Scripts\spyder-script.py", line 10, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\app\start.py", line 214, in main
    mainwindow.main(options, args)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\app\mainwindow.py", line 3630, in main
    mainwindow = create_window(app, splash, options, args)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\app\mainwindow.py", line 3488, in create_window
    main.setup()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\app\mainwindow.py", line 788, in setup
    from spyder.plugins.console.plugin import Console
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\plugins\console\plugin.py", line 39, in <module>
    from spyder.widgets.reporterror import SpyderErrorDialog
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\widgets\reporterror.py", line 28, in <module>
    from spyder.widgets.github.backend import GithubBackend
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\widgets\github\backend.py", line 36, in <module>
    from spyder.utils.external import github
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\external\github.py", line 59, in <module>
    from urllib.request import build_opener, HTTPSHandler, HTTPError, Request
ImportError: cannot import name 'HTTPSHandler' from 'urllib.request' (C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\tensorflow\lib\urllib\request.py)

尝试安装缺失的库 'urllib2'

(tensorflow) C:\Users\qingke3>pip install urllib2
WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/urllib2/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/urllib2/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/urllib2/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/urllib2/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/urllib2/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/urllib2/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/urllib2/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement urllib2
ERROR: No matching distribution found for urllib2
WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

初步判断异常的关键在于网络传输出错，关注异常

WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

检索TLS/SSL的含义

TLS是“安全传输层”协议，SSL是“安全套接层”协议，都属于是加密协议，在其网络数据传输中起到保护隐私和数据的完整性。保证该网络传输的信息不会被未经授权的元素拦截或修改，从而确保只有合法的发送者和接收者才能完全访问并传输信息。

基于SSL module的缺失检索，解决方法是安装或更新windows下的openssl

点击下面链接进入网页

https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html

选择Win64 OpenSSL v1.1.1j Light 可执行文件(.exe)进行安装

安装完成后重启anaconda prompt，运行spyder即可正常打开