Handler原理
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2022-03-29 19:59:35
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在Android中,耗时任务一般放在子线程中处理,而UI的更新则在主线程中进行,通常在子线程和主线程之间的切换使用Handler完成。Handler的消息机制主要包括Handler、MessageQueue、Message、Looper,四者的关系如下图所示。
MessageQueue是一个消息队列,内部使用单向链表维护消息列表,主要有两个方法:enqueueMessage用于往消息队列中插入一条消息,next方法用于从队列中读取消息,当消息列表中没有消息时,该方法会阻塞。ThreadLocal的作用是保存当前线程的Looper对象。
当在主线程中创建一个Handler对象时,调用Handler的构造方法,如下:
public Handler(@Nullable Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
+ " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
在Handler的构造方法中,首先通过Looper.myLooper()获取当前线程的Looper对象,如果获取不到,会抛出异常。因此在子线程中创建Handler对象之前,需首先调用Looper.prepare()方法创建子线程的Looper对象,之后才能创建Handler对象。在主线程中,系统在ActivityThread的main()方法中通过调用Looper.prepareMainLooper()创建了Looper对象,因此在主线程中不需要手动创建Looper对象。获取到Looper对象后,在获取Looper对象中的消息队列MessageQueue对象。
使用Handler发送消息有post、sendMessage、sendEmptyMessage等方法,这些方法等调用结构如下:
Handler发送消息的方法最终会调用enqueueMessage方法,该方法如下:
private boolean enqueueMessage(@NonNull MessageQueue queue, @NonNull Message msg,
long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
msg.workSourceUid = ThreadLocalWorkSource.getUid();
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
Handler的enqueueMessage方法首先将Message的target变量赋值,然后调用MessageQueue的enqueueMessage方法将消息添加到队列。
消息的处理是在Looper.loop()方法中进行的,该方法在ActivityThread的main()方法中得到调用,该方法部分代码如下:
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
return;
}
...
try {
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (observer != null) {
observer.messageDispatched(token, msg);
}
dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
} catch (Exception exception) {
if (observer != null) {
observer.dispatchingThrewException(token, msg, exception);
}
throw exception;
} finally {
ThreadLocalWorkSource.restore(origWorkSource);
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
...
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
在Looper.loop()方法中,首先获取当前线程的Looper对象和MessageQueue对象,然后在一个死循环中,通过调用MessageQueue的next方法从MessageQueue中取消息,如果MessageQueue中没有消息会阻塞,如果取出的消息为空则跳出循环。取出消息之后会执行msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)对消息进行处理,target就是发送该消息的Handler对象。Handler的dispatchMessage(msg)方法如下:
public void dispatchMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
以上代码中,Message的callback是一个Runnable类型对象,该对象就是通过post方法发送的Runnable,被封装在Message中在此处执行。mCallback.handleMessage(msg)和handleMessage(msg)分别对应以下两种Handler的回调设置方式,如果设置了mCallback回调,则mCallback.handleMessage(msg)会先执行,如果返回值为true,则Handler的handleMessage(msg)不会执行。
private Handler handler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
return false;
}
});
private Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
}
};