Matplotlib - 绘图

折线图

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams[‘font.sans-serif’] = [‘SimHei’]

dict = {“x”: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], “y”: [900, 400, 200, 300, 500, 600, 800], “z”:[600, 150, 100, 180, 200, 250, 700]}
df = pd.DataFrame(dict)

plt.figure(figsize=(20, 20), dpi=80) # 设置画布大小，清晰度

plt.plot(df.x, df.y, color=‘b’)

plt.plot(df.x, df.z, color=‘g’)

dict1 = {0: ‘日’, 1: ‘一’, 2: ‘二’, 3: ‘三’, 4: ‘四’, 5: ‘五’, 6: ‘六’}

plt.xticks(df.x, [“星期%s” % dict1[i] for i in df.x], fontsize=20) # x轴刻度

plt.xlabel(“周日期”, fontsize=20) # x轴名称
plt.ylabel(“到店人数”, fontsize=20) # y轴名称
plt.title(“周到店人数统计”, fontsize=20) # 图标题

plt.legend([“到店人数”, “消费人数”], title=“到店消费比”, fontsize=‘x-large’)

plt.show()

饼图

mark = [‘America’, ‘China’, ‘India’, ‘Laos’, ‘Saudi’, ‘Russia’, ‘Japan’, ‘South Korea’, ‘Britain’, ‘Germany’, ‘France’]

percent = [0.5548467, 0.14444868, 0.05094268, ‘NaN’, 0.04846696, 0.046753, 0.04418206, ‘NaN’, 0.04161112, 0.03799276, 0.03075605]

dict = {mark[i]: percent[i] for i in range(len(mark))}

df = pd.Series(dict)

df = df.replace(“NaN”, np.nan)
df = df.dropna()

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), dpi=80) # 设置画布大小，清晰度

patches,l_text,p_text = plt.pie(
df.values, # 百分比
labels=df.index, # 名称
explode=(0, 0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0), # 突出块，突出比例
autopct=’%1.1f%%’, # 显示百分比方式
shadow=False, # 阴影效果
startangle=-110, # 饼图起始的角度，度数，默认0为右侧水平180度开始，逆时针旋转
)

plt.title(“各国军费比例饼图”, color=‘g’, size=20) # 设置图标题，字体颜色，字体大小

添加图例，loc表示图例位置，bbox_to_anchor表示图例距画布的边距（外边距，上边，右边）， ncol分为几列，borderaxespad图例内边距

plt.legend([‘美国’, ‘中国’, ‘印度’, ‘沙特’, ‘俄罗斯’, ‘日本’, ‘英国’, ‘德国’, ‘法国’], loc=‘upper right’, fontsize=10, bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1), ncol=2, borderaxespad=0.1)

plt.axis(“equal”) # 正圆形饼图，x/y轴尺寸相等，默认是扁图

设置字体大小

for t in l_text:
t.set_size(15)
for t in p_text:
t.set_size(15)

plt.savefig("./images/pie.png")
plt.show()

气泡图

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = {‘animal’: [‘cat’, ‘cat1’, ‘snake’, ‘dog’, ‘dog1’, ‘cat2’, ‘snake1’, ‘cat3’, ‘dog2’, ‘dog3’],

    'age': [2.5, 3, 0.5, np.nan, 5, 2, 4.5, np.nan, 7, 3],

    'visits': [1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1],

    'priority': ['yes', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no']}

s1 = pd.DataFrame(data)
s2 = s1.dropna()

plt.rcParams[“font.sans-serif”] = [“SimHei”]

plt.figure(figsize=(10,10),dpi=60)

plt.scatter(
s2[“animal”],
s2[“age”]
)

plt.title(“动物编号对应年龄”)
plt.xlabel(“动物编号”,fontsize=20)
plt.ylabel(“动物年龄”,fontsize=20)

plt.savefig("./animal_age.png")

plt.show()

条形图

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = {‘animal’: [‘cat’, ‘cat1’, ‘snake’, ‘dog’, ‘dog1’, ‘cat2’, ‘snake1’, ‘cat3’, ‘dog2’, ‘dog3’],

    'age': [2.5, 3, 0.5, np.nan, 5, 2, 4.5, np.nan, 7, 3],

    'visits': [1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1],

    'priority': ['yes', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no']}

s1 = pd.DataFrame(data)
s2 = s1.replace(np.nan,s1.age.mean()) #将年龄替换成平均值
s3 = s1.dropna()

plt.rcParams[“font.sans-serif”] = [“SimHei”]

plt.figure(figsize=(10,10),dpi=60)

plt.bar(
s3.animal,
s3.visits,
)

plt.title(“每只动物访问次数”)
plt.xlabel(“动物编号”)
plt.ylabel(“访问次数”)

plt.savefig("./animal_visit.png")

plt.show()