Python爬取大众点评景点评论

'''
大众点评-黄鹤楼评论：
①需要更改txt文本储存地址；
②更换配置中的cookie (两个cookie都一样)；
③更换自己需要爬取的店铺id;
'''

import datetime
import random
import time
import re
import xlwt #写入xls表
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium import webdriver
import pymongo
from lxml import etree
import requests
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
shidai = client['gongyuan']
comments = shidai['comments']

path_one = r'C:\Users\FREEDOM\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe'

#COOKIES = '_lxsdk_cuid=16a3e5550cac8-0328ac989f3a72-3c644d0e-100200-16a3e5550cbc8; _lxsdk=16a3e5550cac8-0328ac989f3a72-3c644d0e-100200-16a3e5550cbc8; _hc.v=b108378a-8f67-0f82-24be-f6bd59936218.1555823941; s_ViewType=10; ua=zeroing; ctu=66a794ac79d236ecce433a9dd7bbb8bf29eff0bc049590703a72f844379eb7c5; dper=56648ebad0a12bed853d89482e9f3c35c89ef2504f07d5388fd0dfead6018398ae8c14a81efb6f9e42cb7e1f46473489252facff635921c09c106e3b36b311bafcd118a3e618fff67b5758b9bd5afca901c01dc9ec74027240ac50819479e9fc; ll=7fd06e815b796be3df069dec7836c3df; _lx_utm=utm_source%3Dgoogle%26utm_medium%3Dorganic; cy=2; cye=beijing; _lxsdk_s=16b84e44244-3d8-afd-795%7C1393851569%7C2'
COOKIES = '_lxsdk_cuid=16f94c5e8b5c8-0d44dec82dc61c-7373e61-100200-16f94c5e8b5c8; _lxsdk=16f94c5e8b5c8-0d44dec82dc61c-7373e61-100200-16f94c5e8b5c8; _hc.v=a007bd8d-23b7-a0a1-8008-e04520b00fcf.1578748996; s_ViewType=10; ua=%E5%A0%85%E5%BC%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB; ctu=54cab1a287e14fb7ab7bde1e708a3f9c923e26bbcf345552fb5ff8fc9e88dafb; dper=6ca5c2d5cee102d916dda5e8b232ca108af3b13eb8cc45a5f1af784526eaefda5618c5f7bb54bde04d728d3e9e0ac5653f685740c2ffa91494d9b7f6ea23c2554ff59323267c40b858fc017baa3f9c437f4b1da0c8cceef4ecc459097e24baef; ll=7fd06e815b796be3df069dec7836c3df; _lx_utm=utm_source%3DBaidu%26utm_medium%3Dorganic; cy=16; cye=wuhan; _lxsdk_s=6fcc6631bf-78f-538-126%7C%7C1575'

f = open('/Users/lhq/Desktop/store_shop2.txt', 'w',encoding='utf-8')

book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')  # 创建Workbook，相当于创建Excel
sheet1 = book.add_sheet(u'Sheet1', cell_overwrite_ok=True)  # 创建sheet，Sheet1为表的名字，cell_overwrite_ok为是否覆盖单元格
sheet1.write(0, 0, '昵称')
sheet1.write(0, 1, '星级')
sheet1.write(0, 2, '时间')
sheet1.write(0, 3, '用户ID')
sheet1.write(0, 4, '评论内容')

class DianpingComment:
    font_size = 14
    start_y = 23
    ii=0

    def __init__(self, shop_id, cookies, delay=7, handle_ban=True, comments=comments):
        self.shop_id = shop_id
        self._delay = delay
        self.num = 1
        self.db = comments
        self._cookies = self._format_cookies(cookies)
        self._css_headers = {
           # 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36',
        }
        self._default_headers = {

            'Connection': 'keep-alive',
            'Host': 'www.dianping.com',
            #'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36',
            'Cookie': '_lxsdk_cuid=16f94c5e8b5c8-0d44dec82dc61c-7373e61-100200-16f94c5e8b5c8; _lxsdk=16f94c5e8b5c8-0d44dec82dc61c-7373e61-100200-16f94c5e8b5c8; _hc.v=a007bd8d-23b7-a0a1-8008-e04520b00fcf.1578748996; s_ViewType=10; ua=%E5%A0%85%E5%BC%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB; ctu=54cab1a287e14fb7ab7bde1e708a3f9c923e26bbcf345552fb5ff8fc9e88dafb; dper=6ca5c2d5cee102d916dda5e8b232ca108af3b13eb8cc45a5f1af784526eaefda5618c5f7bb54bde04d728d3e9e0ac5653f685740c2ffa91494d9b7f6ea23c2554ff59323267c40b858fc017baa3f9c437f4b1da0c8cceef4ecc459097e24baef; ll=7fd06e815b796be3df069dec7836c3df; _lx_utm=utm_source%3DBaidu%26utm_medium%3Dorganic; cy=16; cye=wuhan; _lxsdk_s=6fcc6631bf-78f-538-126%7C%7C1575'}
            #'Cookie': '_lxsdk_cuid=16beb593744c8-082d3569f1b8da-e343166-100200-16beb593745c8; _lxsdk=16beb593744c8-082d3569f1b8da-e343166-100200-16beb593745c8; _hc.v=ead7aff3-40db-cb98-55ad-5460a0d10d6b.1563021622; s_ViewType=10; ua=zeroing; ctu=66a794ac79d236ecce433a9dd7bbb8bfac5ea81a9b7f2bdd8fe4eebbf54d3360; cy=169; cye=xuchang; dper=56cacd1d2e3f2645cfb85b48c96050d14127f349ac745cbe31b284282d72cf8960cfac5e2905d189386b038519f242d87f018031896f95f41ea215722b177d0d6619908c98d99eac35b14c560bc15035e0dc1d79e6dafff624d52dbb63d82db9; ll=7fd06e815b796be3df069dec7836c3df; uamo=13243174991; _lxsdk_s=16cbdc7eed1-542-97e-b28%7C%7C664'}
        self._cur_request_url = 'http://www.dianping.com/shop/{}/review_all'.format(self.shop_id)
        self.sub_url = 'http://www.dianping.com'

    def run(self):
        self._css_link = self._get_css_link(self._cur_request_url)
        self._font_dict = self._get_font_dict(self._css_link)
        self._get_conment_page()

    def _delay_func(self):
        delay_time = random.randint((self._delay - 2) * 10, (self._delay + 2) * 10) * 0.1
        time.sleep(delay_time)

    def _init_browser(self):
        """
            初始化游览器
        """
        chrome_options = Options()
        chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
        chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
        browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, executable_path=path_one)
        browser.get(self._cur_request_url)
        for name, value in self._cookies.items():
            browser.add_cookie({'name': name, 'value': value})
        browser.refresh()
        return browser

    def _handle_ban(self):
        """
            爬取速度过快，出现异常时处理验证
        """
        try:
            self._browser.refresh()
            time.sleep(1)
            button = self._browser.find_element_by_id('yodaBox')
            move_x_offset = self._browser.find_element_by_id('yodaBoxWrapper').size['width']
            webdriver.ActionChains(self._browser).drag_and_drop_by_offset(
                button, move_x_offset, 0).perform()
        except:
            pass

    def _format_cookies(self, cookies):
        '''
        获取cookies;;;
        :param cookies:
        :return:
        '''
        cookies = {cookie.split('=')[0]: cookie.split('=')[1]
                   for cookie in cookies.replace(' ', '').split(';')}
        return cookies

    def _get_conment_page(self):
        """
            请求评论页，并将<span></span>样式替换成文字;
        """
        while self._cur_request_url:
            f.write("\n\n-----------------------------------------"+self._cur_request_url+"-------------------------------------------\n\n")
            self._delay_func()
            print('[{now_time}] {msg}'.format(now_time=datetime.datetime.now(), msg=self._cur_request_url))
            res = requests.get(self._cur_request_url, headers=self._default_headers, cookies=self._cookies)
            while res.status_code != 200:
                cookie = random.choice(COOKIES)
                cookies = self._format_cookies(cookie)
                res = requests.get(self._cur_request_url, headers=self._default_headers, cookies=cookies)
                if res.status_code == 200:
                    break
            html = res.text
            class_set = []
            for span in re.findall(r'<svgmtsi class="([a-zA-Z0-9]{5,6})"></svgmtsi>', html):
                class_set.append(span)
            for class_name in class_set:
                try:
                    html = re.sub('<svgmtsi class="%s"></svgmtsi>' % class_name, self._font_dict[class_name], html)
                    #print('{}已替换完毕_______________________________'.format(self._font_dict[class_name]))
                except:
                    html = re.sub('<svgmtsi class="%s"></svgmtsi>' % class_name, '', html)
                    print('替换失败…………………………………………………………………………&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&')
            doc = pq(html)
            self._parse_comment_page(html)
            if doc('.NextPage').attr('href'):
                self._default_headers['Referer'] = self._cur_request_url
                next_page_url1 = doc('.NextPage').attr('href')
                next_page_url = self.sub_url + str(next_page_url1)
                print('next_url:{}'.format(next_page_url))
            else:
                next_page_url = None
            print('next_page_url:{}'.format(next_page_url))
            self._cur_request_url = next_page_url    #评论页循环，实现翻页功能

    def _data_pipeline(self, data):
        """
            处理数据
        """
        print(data)

    def _parse_comment_page(self, html):
        """
            解析评论页并提取数据,把数据写入文件中；；
        """
        doc = pq(html)
        for li in doc('div.review-list-main > div.reviews-wrapper > div.reviews-items > ul > li'):

            doc_text = pq(li)
            if doc_text('.dper-info .name').text():
                name = doc_text('.dper-info .name').text()
            else:
                name = None

            try:
                star = doc_text('.review-rank .sml-rank-stars').attr('class')
            except IndexError:
                star = None

            if doc_text('div.misc-info.clearfix > .time').text():
                date_time = doc_text('div.misc-info.clearfix > .time').text()
            else:
                date_time = None

             #点评用户首页，获取性别和区域
            try:
                userID = "http://www.dianping.com" + doc_text("div.main-review > div.dper-info > a").attr("href")
                re_user=requests.get(userID,headers=self._css_headers)
                self._handle_ban()
                html_user=re_user.text
                doc_user=pq(html_user)
                #print(doc_user.text())
                if doc_user('div.user-groun').text():
                    city=doc_user('div.user-groun').text()
                else:
                    city=None
            except IndexError:
                userID=None

            if doc_text('.main-review .review-words').text():
                comment = doc_text('.main-review .review-words').text()
            else:
                comment = None

            data = {
                'name': name,
                'date_time': date_time,
                'star': star,
                'userID':userID,
                #'city':city,
                'comment': comment
            }


        #将data中的内容values  写入到Excel文件中
            self.ii+=1
            jj=0
            for v in data.values():#初始状态ii=1,jj=0
                sheet1.write(self.ii, jj, v.title())
                #print(v.title())
                jj+=1

        #将data中的内容写入到TXT文档中
            #returnList.append([name,star, date_time,userID,city,comment])
            #print(data)
            f.write(str(data))
            #f.write(str(data).encode('utf-8'))
            f.write("\n")
            #print('写入数据完成', data)

    def _get_css_link(self, url):
        """
            请求评论首页，获取css样式文件
        """
        try:
            print(url)
            res = requests.get(url, headers=self._default_headers, cookies=self._cookies)
            html = res.text
            css_link = re.search(r'<link re.*?css.*?href="(.*?svgtextcss.*?)">', html)
            print(css_link)
            assert css_link
            css_link = 'http:' + css_link[1]
            return css_link
        except:
            None

    def _get_font_dict(self, url):
        """
            获取css样式对应文字的字典
        """
        res = requests.get(url, headers=self._css_headers)
        html = res.text

        background_image_link = re.findall(r'background-image:.*?\((.*?svg)\)', html)
        print(background_image_link)
        background_image_link_list = []
        for i in background_image_link:
            url = 'http:' + i
            background_image_link_list.append(url)

        print(background_image_link_list)

        html = re.sub(r'span.*?\}', '', html)
        group_offset_list = re.findall(r'\.([a-zA-Z0-9]{5,6}).*?round:(.*?)px (.*?)px;', html)
        '''
        多个偏移字典，合并在一起；；；
        '''
        font_dict_by_offset_list = {}
        for i in background_image_link_list:
            font_dict_by_offset_list.update(self._get_font_dict_by_offset(i))

        font_dict_by_offset = font_dict_by_offset_list
        print(font_dict_by_offset)
        font_dict = {}
        for class_name, x_offset, y_offset in group_offset_list:
            x_offset = x_offset.replace('.0', '')
            y_offset = y_offset.replace('.0', '')
            try:
                font_dict[class_name] = font_dict_by_offset[int(y_offset)][int(x_offset)]

            except:
                font_dict[class_name] = ''
        return font_dict

    def _get_font_dict_by_offset(self, url):
        """
            获取坐标偏移的文字字典, 会有最少两种形式的svg文件（目前只遇到两种）
        """
        res = requests.get(url, headers=self._css_headers)
        html = res.text
        font_dict = {}
        y_list = re.findall(r'd="M0 (\d+?) ', html)
        if y_list:
            font_list = re.findall(r'<textPath .*?>(.*?)<', html)
            for i, string in enumerate(font_list):
                y_offset = self.start_y - int(y_list[i])

                sub_font_dict = {}
                for j, font in enumerate(string):
                    x_offset = -j * self.font_size
                    sub_font_dict[x_offset] = font
                font_dict[y_offset] = sub_font_dict
        else:
            font_list = re.findall(r'<text.*?y="(.*?)">(.*?)<', html)
            for y, string in font_list:
                y_offset = self.start_y - int(y)
                sub_font_dict = {}
                for j, font in enumerate(string):
                    x_offset = -j * self.font_size
                    sub_font_dict[x_offset] = font
                font_dict[y_offset] = sub_font_dict
        return font_dict


class Customer(DianpingComment):
    def _data_pipeline(self, data):
        print(data)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    dianping = Customer('1738555', cookies=COOKIES)
    dianping.run()
    book.save(r'C:/Users/lhq/Desktop/test.xlsx')
    f.close()