Tomcat源码分析(二)-Tomcat的启动流程以及分析

整个Tomcat的启动图：

 

Bootstrap类：

  /**
     * Main method and entry point when starting Tomcat via the provided
     * scripts.
     *
     * @param args Command line arguments to be processed
     */
    public static void main(String args[]) {

        if (daemon == null) {
            // Don't set daemon until init() has completed
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            try {
                bootstrap.init();
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                handleThrowable(t);
                t.printStackTrace();
                return;
            }
            daemon = bootstrap;
        } else {
            // When running as a service the call to stop will be on a new
            // thread so make sure the correct class loader is used to prevent
            // a range of class not found exceptions.
            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(daemon.catalinaLoader);
        }

        try {
            String command = "start";
            if (args.length > 0) {
                command = args[args.length - 1];
            }

            if (command.equals("startd")) {
                args[args.length - 1] = "start";
                daemon.load(args);
                daemon.start();
            } else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
                args[args.length - 1] = "stop";
                daemon.stop();
            } else if (command.equals("start")) {
                daemon.setAwait(true);
                daemon.load(args);
                daemon.start();
            } else if (command.equals("stop")) {
                daemon.stopServer(args);
            } else if (command.equals("configtest")) {
                daemon.load(args);
                if (null==daemon.getServer()) {
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                System.exit(0);
            } else {
                log.warn("Bootstrap: command \"" + command + "\" does not exist.");
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            // Unwrap the Exception for clearer error reporting
            if (t instanceof InvocationTargetException &&
                    t.getCause() != null) {
                t = t.getCause();
            }
            handleThrowable(t);
            t.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

    }

   Bootstrap类：
   /**
     * Initialize daemon.
     */
    public void init() throws Exception {

        initClassLoaders();

        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader);

        SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader);

        // Load our startup class and call its process() method
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Loading startup class");
        Class<?> startupClass = catalinaLoader.loadClass("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina");
        Object startupInstance = startupClass.getConstructor().newInstance();

        // Set the shared extensions class loader
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Setting startup class properties");
        String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";
        Class<?> paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
        paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
        Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
        paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
        Method method =
            startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
        method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);

        catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;

    }

 

当运行到 command是"start"时 代码如下：

 if (command.equals("start")) {
                daemon.setAwait(true);
                daemon.load(args);
                daemon.start();
            } 

 /**
     * Start the Catalina daemon.
     */
    public void start()
        throws Exception {
        if( catalinaDaemon==null ) init();

        Method method = catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod("start", (Class [] )null);
        method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, (Object [])null);

    }

通过Method反射调用了catalinaDaemon的start方法。而catalinaDaemon对象在init()初始化的时候通过

 catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;已经赋值。而startupInstance正是org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina类。

所以就相当于 (Catalina)catalinaDaemon.start()方法。

daemon.setAwait(true); setAwait方法设置Server启动完成后是否进入等待状态的标志。

 daemon.load(args); load方法用于加载配置文件,创建并初始化Server.

   /**
     * Load daemon.
     */
    private void load(String[] arguments)
        throws Exception {

        // Call the load() method
        String methodName = "load";
        Object param[];
        Class<?> paramTypes[];
        if (arguments==null || arguments.length==0) {
            paramTypes = null;
            param = null;
        } else {
            paramTypes = new Class[1];
            paramTypes[0] = arguments.getClass();
            param = new Object[1];
            param[0] = arguments;
        }
        Method method =
            catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Calling startup class " + method);
        method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, param);

    }

通过反射调用了Catalina类的load方法。

1、Catalina类load方法：

  /**
     * Start a new server instance.
     */
    public void load() {

        if (loaded) {
            return;
        }
        loaded = true;

        long t1 = System.nanoTime();

        initDirs();

        // Before digester - it may be needed
        initNaming();

        // Create and execute our Digester
        Digester digester = createStartDigester();

        InputSource inputSource = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        File file = null;
        try {
            try {
                file = configFile(); //路径conf/server.xml
                inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                inputSource = new InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail", file), e);
                }
            }
            if (inputStream == null) {
                try {
                    inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                        .getResourceAsStream(getConfigFile());
                    inputSource = new InputSource
                        (getClass().getClassLoader()
                         .getResource(getConfigFile()).toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                                getConfigFile()), e);
                    }
                }
            }

            // This should be included in catalina.jar
            // Alternative: don't bother with xml, just create it manually.
            if (inputStream == null) {
                try {
                    inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                            .getResourceAsStream("server-embed.xml");
                    inputSource = new InputSource
                    (getClass().getClassLoader()
                            .getResource("server-embed.xml").toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                                "server-embed.xml"), e);
                    }
                }
            }


            if (inputStream == null || inputSource == null) {
                if  (file == null) {
                    log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                            getConfigFile() + "] or [server-embed.xml]"));
                } else {
                    log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                            file.getAbsolutePath()));
                    if (file.exists() && !file.canRead()) {
                        log.warn("Permissions incorrect, read permission is not allowed on the file.");
                    }
                }
                return;
            }

            try {
                inputSource.setByteStream(inputStream);
                digester.push(this);
                digester.parse(inputSource);
            } catch (SAXParseException spe) {
                log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " +
                        spe.getMessage());
                return;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " , e);
                return;
            }
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }

        getServer().setCatalina(this);
        getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());
        getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());

        // Stream redirection
        initStreams();

        // Start the new server
        try {
            getServer().init();
        } catch (LifecycleException e) {
            if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
                throw new java.lang.Error(e);
            } else {
                log.error("Catalina.start", e);
            }
        }

        long t2 = System.nanoTime();
        if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
            log.info("Initialization processed in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
        }
    }


    /*
     * Load using arguments
     */
    public void load(String args[]) {

        try {
            if (arguments(args)) {
                load();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }
    }

load方法根据conf/server.xml创建了server对象,并赋值给server属性,

file = configFile();

  /**
     * Return a File object representing our configuration file.
     */
    protected File configFile() {

        File file = new File(configFile);  
        if (!file.isAbsolute()) {
            file = new File(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBase(), configFile);
        }
        return (file);

    }

/**
     * Pathname to the server configuration file.
     */
    protected String configFile = "conf/server.xml";

解释conf/server.xml文件是通过开源项目Digester来完成的。然后通过getServer().init();来启动新server。

 // Create and execute our Digester
        Digester digester = createStartDigester();

 /**
     * Create and configure the Digester we will be using for startup.
     */
    protected Digester createStartDigester() {
        long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();
        // Initialize the digester
        Digester digester = new Digester();
        digester.setValidating(false);
        digester.setRulesValidation(true);
        HashMap<Class<?>, List<String>> fakeAttributes = new HashMap<>();
        ArrayList<String> attrs = new ArrayList<>();
        attrs.add("className");
        fakeAttributes.put(Object.class, attrs);
        digester.setFakeAttributes(fakeAttributes);
        digester.setUseContextClassLoader(true);

        // Configure the actions we will be using
        digester.addObjectCreate("Server",
                                 "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer",
                                 "className");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server");
        digester.addSetNext("Server",
                            "setServer",
                            "org.apache.catalina.Server");

        digester.addObjectCreate("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                                 "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server/GlobalNamingResources");
        digester.addSetNext("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                            "setGlobalNamingResources",
                            "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");

        digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Listener",
                                 null, // MUST be specified in the element
                                 "className");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server/Listener");
        digester.addSetNext("Server/Listener",
                            "addLifecycleListener",
                            "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");

        digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service",
                                 "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
                                 "className");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service");
        digester.addSetNext("Server/Service",
                            "addService",
                            "org.apache.catalina.Service");

        digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Listener",
                                 null, // MUST be specified in the element
                                 "className");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Listener");
        digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Listener",
                            "addLifecycleListener",
                            "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");

        //Executor
        digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Executor",
                         "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardThreadExecutor",
                         "className");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Executor");

        digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Executor",
                            "addExecutor",
                            "org.apache.catalina.Executor");


        digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
                         new ConnectorCreateRule());
        digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
                         new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"executor"}));
        digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector",
                            "addConnector",
                            "org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector");


        digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
                                 null, // MUST be specified in the element
                                 "className");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/Listener");
        digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
                            "addLifecycleListener",
                            "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");

        // Add RuleSets for nested elements
        digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/GlobalNamingResources/"));
        digester.addRuleSet(new EngineRuleSet("Server/Service/"));
        digester.addRuleSet(new HostRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/"));
        digester.addRuleSet(new ContextRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/"));
        addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Host/Cluster/");
        digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/Context/"));

        // When the 'engine' is found, set the parentClassLoader.
        digester.addRule("Server/Service/Engine",
                         new SetParentClassLoaderRule(parentClassLoader));
        addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Cluster/");

        long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Digester for server.xml created " + ( t2-t1 ));
        }
        return (digester);

    }

当执行createStartDigester方法时：

// Configure the actions we will be using
        digester.addObjectCreate("Server",
                                 "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer",
                                 "className");

  当解析xml文件时，遇到“Server”就初始化创建一个“org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer”对象，并且把该对象压入栈顶。

 也就是Digester创建了StandardServer实例。而StandardServer是Server的实现类；

 digester.addSetProperties("Server");  //Add a "set properties" rule for the specified 
                                       //parameters.
 digester.addSetNext("Server",
                            "setServer",
                            "org.apache.catalina.Server");

digester.addSetProperties("Server"); 为指定参数设置添加"设置属性"规则。也就是下面要为“Server”添加规则

digester.addSetNext("Server",
                                 "setServer",
                  "org.apache.catalina.Server"); 当解析Server节点的时候，调用Server的setServer方法，把当前org.apache.catalina.Server对象写入到setServer方法参数（Server对象）中去。

这样就解释了前面的getServer().setCatalina(this);
        getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());
        getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());

的getServer()方法中的Server对象是在digester.addSetNext("Server","setServer","org.apache.catalina.Server");中把Server对象提前set了对象。

还有如:

 digester.addObjectCreate("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                                 "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
        digester.addSetProperties("Server/GlobalNamingResources");
        digester.addSetNext("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                            "setGlobalNamingResources",
                            "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");

2、Catalina的start方法：

       Bootstrap类的start方法通过反射调用了Catalina类的start方法。

/**
     * Start a new server instance.
     */
    public void start() {

        if (getServer() == null) {
            load();
        }

        if (getServer() == null) {
            log.fatal("Cannot start server. Server instance is not configured.");
            return;
        }

        long t1 = System.nanoTime();

        // Start the new server
        try {
            getServer().start();
        } catch (LifecycleException e) {
            log.fatal(sm.getString("catalina.serverStartFail"), e);
            try {
                getServer().destroy();
            } catch (LifecycleException e1) {
                log.debug("destroy() failed for failed Server ", e1);
            }
            return;
        }

        long t2 = System.nanoTime();
        if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
            log.info("Server startup in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
        }

        // Register shutdown hook  注册关闭钩子
        if (useShutdownHook) {
            if (shutdownHook == null) {
                shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
            }
            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);

            // If JULI is being used, disable JULI's shutdown hook since
            // shutdown hooks run in parallel and log messages may be lost
            // if JULI's hook completes before the CatalinaShutdownHook()
            LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
            if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
                ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                        false);
            }
        }

        if (await) { //进入等待状态
            await();
            stop();
        }
    }

Catalina类：

    public void setAwait(boolean b) {
        await = b;
    }

当Bootstrap类main方法, 运行到 command是"start"时 :

 if (command.equals("start")) {
                daemon.setAwait(true);
                daemon.load(args);
                daemon.start();
            } 

在这里 把await属性设置为true,进入等待状态。await方法调用了Server的await方法。

1、StandardServer类的 await方法:

相当于调用了 StandardServer类的 await方法:

 /**
     * Wait until a proper shutdown command is received, then return.
     * This keeps the main thread alive - the thread pool listening for http
     * connections is daemon threads.
     */
    @Override
    public void await() {
        // Negative values - don't wait on port - tomcat is embedded or we just don't like ports //如果端口是-2 则不进入循环，直接返回
        if( port == -2 ) {
            // undocumented yet - for embedding apps that are around, alive.
            return;
        }
        if( port==-1 ) { //如果端口是-1则进入循环,而且无法通过网络退出
            try {
                awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
                while(!stopAwait) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep( 10000 );
                    } catch( InterruptedException ex ) {
                        // continue and check the flag
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                awaitThread = null;
            }
            return;
        }

        // Set up a server socket to wait on
        try {//端口不是-1，-2，新建一个监听关闭命令的ServerSocket
            awaitSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1,
                    InetAddress.getByName(address));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("StandardServer.await: create[" + address
                               + ":" + port
                               + "]: ", e);
            return;
        }

        try {
            awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();

            // Loop waiting for a connection and a valid command
            while (!stopAwait) {
                ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
                if (serverSocket == null) {
                    break;
                }

                // Wait for the next connection
                Socket socket = null;
                StringBuilder command = new StringBuilder();
                try {
                    InputStream stream;
                    long acceptStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    try {
                        socket = serverSocket.accept();
                        socket.setSoTimeout(10 * 1000);  // Ten seconds
                        stream = socket.getInputStream();
                    } catch (SocketTimeoutException ste) {
                        // This should never happen but bug 56684 suggests that
                        // it does.
                        log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.timeout",
                                Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis() - acceptStartTime)), ste);
                        continue;
                    } catch (AccessControlException ace) {
                        log.warn("StandardServer.accept security exception: "
                                + ace.getMessage(), ace);
                        continue;
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        if (stopAwait) {
                            // Wait was aborted with socket.close()
                            break;
                        }
                        log.error("StandardServer.await: accept: ", e);
                        break;
                    }

                    // Read a set of characters from the socket
                    int expected = 1024; // Cut off to avoid DoS attack
                    while (expected < shutdown.length()) {
                        if (random == null)
                            random = new Random();
                        expected += (random.nextInt() % 1024);
                    }
                    while (expected > 0) {
                        int ch = -1;
                        try {
                            ch = stream.read();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            log.warn("StandardServer.await: read: ", e);
                            ch = -1;
                        }
                        // Control character or EOF (-1) terminates loop
                        if (ch < 32 || ch == 127) {
                            break;
                        }
                        command.append((char) ch);
                        expected--;
                    }
                } finally {
                    // Close the socket now that we are done with it
                    try {
                        if (socket != null) {
                            socket.close();
                        }
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }

                // Match against our command string
                boolean match = command.toString().equals(shutdown);
                if (match) {  //如果这里匹配shutdown命令就退出
                    log.info(sm.getString("standardServer.shutdownViaPort"));
                    break;
                } else
                    log.warn("StandardServer.await: Invalid command '"
                            + command.toString() + "' received");
            }
        } finally {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
            awaitThread = null;
            awaitSocket = null;

            // Close the server socket and return
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

首先判断端口号 

        port为-2,则会直接退出，不进入循环。

         port为-1，则会进入一个while(!stopAwait)的循环，并在内部没有break跳出的语句,

                           stopAwait标志只有调用了stop方法才会设置为true,所以port为-1时只有在外部

                            调用stop方法才会退出循环

         port为其他值，则也会进入一个while(!stopAwait)的循环,同时会在port所在端口启动一个ServerSocket来监听关闭命令,如果接收到了则会使用break跳出循环。

        这里的端口port和关闭命令，在conf/server.xml中设置 默认如下：

         --><!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
     --><Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> 

       也就是监听8005端口 SHUTDOWN 命令,如果接收到了就关闭Tomcat.

        如果不想使用网络命令来关闭Tomcat 可以设置为-1.

          await()方法：

 // Control character or EOF (-1) terminates loop
                        if (ch < 32 || ch == 127) {
                            break;
                        }

 如果接收到的数据中ASCII码小于32的 (ASCII中32以下的为控制符) 则会从小于32的那个字符截断并丢弃后面的数据。

 

2.Server 的启动

Server的默认实现是package org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.

StandardServer继承自LifecycleMBeanBase,LifecycleMBeanBase继承自LifecycleBase

public final class StandardServer extends LifecycleMBeanBase implements Server 

public abstract class LifecycleMBeanBase extends LifecycleBase
        implements JmxEnabled 

 

LifecycleBase里的init方法和start方法又调用initInternal方法和startInternal方法。这两个方法都是模板方法,由子类具体实现。

调用StandardServer的init方法和start方法时会执行StandardServer自己的initInternal和startInternal方法。

StandardServer中的initInternal和startInternal方法分别循环调用了每一个service的start和init方法。

 

LifecycleBase类 的init方法和start方法 ,initInternal方法和startInternal方法 如下:

    @Override
    public final synchronized void init() throws LifecycleException {
        if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
            invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT);
        }

        try {
            setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZING, null, false);
            initInternal();
            setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED, null, false);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
            setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, null, false);
            throw new LifecycleException(
                    sm.getString("lifecycleBase.initFail",toString()), t);
        }
    }


    protected abstract void initInternal() throws LifecycleException;

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public final synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException {

        if (LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(state) || LifecycleState.STARTING.equals(state) ||
                LifecycleState.STARTED.equals(state)) {

            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                Exception e = new LifecycleException();
                log.debug(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString()), e);
            } else if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                log.info(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString()));
            }

            return;
        }

        if (state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
            init();
        } else if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) {
            stop();
        } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED) &&
                !state.equals(LifecycleState.STOPPED)) {
            invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT);
        }

        try {
            setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP, null, false);
            startInternal();
            if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) {
                // This is a 'controlled' failure. The component put itself into the
                // FAILED state so call stop() to complete the clean-up.
                stop();
            } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.STARTING)) {
                // Shouldn't be necessary but acts as a check that sub-classes are
                // doing what they are supposed to.
                invalidTransition(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT);
            } else {
                setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTED, null, false);
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            // This is an 'uncontrolled' failure so put the component into the
            // FAILED state and throw an exception.
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
            setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, null, false);
            throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.startFail", toString()), t);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Sub-classes must ensure that the state is changed to
     * {@link LifecycleState#STARTING} during the execution of this method.
     * Changing state will trigger the {@link Lifecycle#START_EVENT} event.
     *
     * If a component fails to start it may either throw a
     * {@link LifecycleException} which will cause it's parent to fail to start
     * or it can place itself in the error state in which case {@link #stop()}
     * will be called on the failed component but the parent component will
     * continue to start normally.
     *
     * @throws LifecycleException
     */
    protected abstract void startInternal() throws LifecycleException;

3、Service的启动过程

Service的默认实现是 package org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.

public class StandardService extends LifecycleMBeanBase implements Service 

init方法和start方法也是最终调用了 startInternal()方法和initInternal()方法。

startInternal()方法和initInternal()方法 代码如下:

 /**
     * Invoke a pre-startup initialization. This is used to allow connectors
     * to bind to restricted ports under Unix operating environments.
     */
    @Override
    protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {

        super.initInternal();

        if (container != null) {
            container.init();
        }

        // Initialize any Executors
        for (Executor executor : findExecutors()) {
            if (executor instanceof JmxEnabled) {
                ((JmxEnabled) executor).setDomain(getDomain());
            }
            executor.init();
        }

        // Initialize mapper listener
        mapperListener.init();

        // Initialize our defined Connectors
        synchronized (connectorsLock) {
            for (Connector connector : connectors) {
                try {
                    connector.init();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    String message = sm.getString(
                            "standardService.connector.initFailed", connector);
                    log.error(message, e);

                    if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE"))
                        throw new LifecycleException(message);
                }
            }
        }
    }

  /**
     * Start nested components ({@link Executor}s, {@link Connector}s and
     * {@link Container}s) and implement the requirements of
     * {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}.
     *
     * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
     *  that prevents this component from being used
     */
    @Override
    protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

        if(log.isInfoEnabled())
            log.info(sm.getString("standardService.start.name", this.name));
        setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);

        // Start our defined Container first
        if (container != null) {
            synchronized (container) {
                container.start();
            }
        }

        synchronized (executors) {
            for (Executor executor: executors) {
                executor.start();
            }
        }

        mapperListener.start();

        // Start our defined Connectors second
        synchronized (connectorsLock) {
            for (Connector connector: connectors) {
                try {
                    // If it has already failed, don't try and start it
                    if (connector.getState() != LifecycleState.FAILED) {
                        connector.start();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error(sm.getString(
                            "standardService.connector.startFailed",
                            connector), e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

init方法和start方法也是最终调用了

startInternal()方法和initInternal()方法 主要调用container/executors/mapperListener/connectors的init和start方法。

-----mapperListener是Mapper的监听器。可以监听container的变化。

-----executors是用在connectors中管理线程的线程池。

在server.xml文件中有关于Executor的配置，默认是注释的：

<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector connectionTimeout="20000" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8443"/>
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE
         style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the
         OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native
         documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host appBase="webapps" autoDeploy="true" name="localhost" unpackWARs="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"/>

      <Context docBase="D:\apache-tomcat-7.0.69\wtpwebapps\tp-user" path="/tp-user" reloadable="true" source="org.eclipse.jst.jee.server:tp-user"/></Host>
    </Engine>

这里注释的 <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>  Connector 就这样配置了一个tomcatThreadPool的线程池。

最多可以启动150个线程，最少要有4个可用线程。