[C ]c 11 之emplace_back 与 push_back的区别

#include <vector>  
#include <string>  
#include <iostream>  
 
struct President  
{  
    std::string name;  
    std::string country;  
    int year;  
 
    President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year)  
        : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year)  
    {  
        std::cout << "I am: " << this->name << " being constructed.\n";  
    }
    President(const President& other)
        : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)
    {
        std::cout << "I am: " << this->name << " being copy constructed.\n";
    }
    President(President&& other)  
        : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)  
    {  
        std::cout << "I am: " << this->name << " being moved.\n";  
    }  
    ~President(void)
    {
        std::cout << "I am: " << this->name << " being destructed.\n"; //移动之后是匿名对象了，所以没有名字 
    }
    President& operator=(const President& other);  
};  
 
int main()  
{  
    std::vector<President> elections;  
    std::cout << "emplace_back:\n";  
    elections.emplace_back("Nelson Mandela", "South Africa", 1994); //没有类的创建  
 
    std::vector<President> reElections;  
    std::cout << "\npush_back:\n";  
    reElections.push_back(President("Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "the USA", 1936));  
 
    std::cout << "\nContents:\n";  
    for (President const& president: elections) {  
       std::cout << president.name << " was elected president of "  
            << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";  
    }  
    for (President const& president: reElections) {  
        std::cout << president.name << " was re-elected president of "  
            << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";  
    }
 
}

输出：

emplace_back:
I am: Nelson Mandela being constructed.

push_back:
I am: Franklin Delano Roosevelt being constructed.
I am: Franklin Delano Roosevelt being moved.
I am:  being destructed.没有名字，移动后，成匿名对象了

Contents:
Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was re-elected president of the USA in 1936.
I am: Franklin Delano Roosevelt being destructed.
I am: Nelson Mandela being destructed.