Linux下解决matplotlib中文显示问题

在Windows中, 如果想跟换matplotlib的字体, 仅需要这样就可以了

import matplotlib as mat


mat.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Kaiti'
mat.rcParams['font.size'] = 16
mat.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

在Linux中, 除了上面的代码之外, 还要做一些修改

• 查找当前系统下所有中文字体:

  [email protected]:/$ fc-list :lang=zh
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK JP,Noto Sans CJK JP Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK SC:style=Bold
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK TC:style=Bold
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK JP:style=Bold
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Serif CJK KR:style=Bold
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK KR,Noto Sans Mono CJK KR Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/truetype/wqy/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK JP,Noto Sans Mono CJK JP Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK JP,Noto Sans CJK JP Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK TC,Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK SC:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK KR,Noto Sans CJK KR Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK TC:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/truetype/unifont/unifont.ttf: Unifont:style=Medium
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK JP:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSerifCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Serif CJK KR:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK SC,Noto Sans Mono CJK SC Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK JP,Noto Sans Mono CJK JP Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK KR,Noto Sans Mono CJK KR Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK SC,Noto Sans CJK SC Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK SC,Noto Sans CJK SC Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK TC,Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc: Noto Sans Mono CJK SC,Noto Sans Mono CJK SC Regular:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/truetype/wqy/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular
  /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK-Bold.ttc: Noto Sans CJK KR,Noto Sans CJK KR Bold:style=Bold,Regular
  

  此命令可以列出当前系统下所有中文字体的位置, 字体名

• 将想要的字体复制到mat的字体目录

  • 获取mat的字体配置文件

    import matplotlib as mat
    
    
    print(mat.matplotlib_fname())
    

    例如 我的字体配置文件: /home/pineapple/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc

    那么字体目录就是: /usr/share/fonts/truetype/wqy/wqy-microhei.ttc /home/pineapple/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/

  • 比如我想设置 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono 这个字体,

    复制移动字体文件 到mat的字体目录

    [email protected]:/$ cp /usr/share/fonts/truetype/wqy/wqy-microhei.ttc /home/pineapple/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/
    

  • 修改配置文件

    找到 font.sans-serif (257行), 将字体名加进去, 这样:

    #font.sans-serif: WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Computer Modern Sans Serif, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif
    

    保存退出, 重启编译器