Request笔记

一.requests

​ **request.get()**方法可以得到一个请求相应对象,用response接收

# requests.get

import request
response = requests.get()

​ response作为响应对象有以下属性

1. respomse.content

   返回二进制流数据

2. response.status_code

   返回相应状态码

3. response.headers

   返回相应头信息

4. response.url

   查看请求地址(请求地址与真实返回的可能不一样)

5. response.cookies

   返回浏览器带过来的cookie内容

6. response.history

   是一个 response对象的列表，为了完成请求而创建了这些对象。这个对象列表按照从最老到最近的请求进行排序。

7. requests.post(url,data,headers)

# 请求方法用post
response = requests.post(url,data,headers)

3. 会话保持

# 做会话保持要在同同一组函数中先设置Session
import requests

headers ={ "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36"}
response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',headers=headers)
print(response.cookies)
for i,j in response.cookies.items():
    print(i+"="+j)

4. 证书认证

import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3
# urllib3这个方法是用来消除警告认证的
urllib3.disable_warnings()
# verify参数是为了进行无阻拦的请求
response = requests.get("https://www.12306.cn",verify=False)
print(response.status_code)

5. 代理设置

import requests
proxies = {
    'http':'socks4://127.0.0.1:9742',
    'https':'socks4://127.0.0.1:9742'
}
response = requests.get("https://www.httpbin.org",proxies=proxies)
print(response.status_code)

6. 超时设置

import requests
from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout
# timeout设置请求超时时间,可以捕获异常进行处理
try:
    response = requests.get("https://www.httpbin.org/get",timeout=0.5)
    print(response.status_code)
except ReadTimeout:
    print('Timeout!')

7. 认证设置

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
r = requests.get("http://120.27.34.24:9001",auth=('user','123'))
print(r.status_code)