Python 调用 zabbix api的方法示例

前提准备：

1.使用python requests模块

2.了解json

3.zabbix api的具体调用建议先浏览一下官网

先上代码：

import requests,json
#
#url一定要正确，ip地址换成自己zabbix服务器的
zbx_url = "http://192.168.60.130:3080/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

#在post请求头部必须要有 'content-type': 'application/json-rpc'
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json-rpc'}

#传递json 数据到api;登录
login = {
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "user.login",
  "params": {
    "user": "admin",
    "password": "zabbix"
  },
  "id": 1
}
#首次登陆不用在json字段中写 auth，否则会有相关的报错

#将数据发送到api
ret = requests.post(zbx_url, data=json.dumps(login), headers=headers)

#对结果进行序列化
ret = ret.json()
auth = ret['result']

#获取问题主机json
data = {
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method":"trigger.get",
  "params": {
    # output表示输出结果包含参数有哪些
    "output": [
      "triggerid",
      "description",
      "status",
      "value",
      "priority",
      "lastchange",
      "recovery_mode",
      "hosts",
      "state",
    ],
    "selecthosts": "hosts", # 需包含主机id信息，以便于根据主机id查询主机信息
    "selectitems":"items",
    "filter": {
      # 筛选条件
       "value": 1,#value值为1表示有问题
       "status": 0#status为0表示已启用的trigger
    },
  },
  "auth":auth,#这里的auth就是登录后获取的
  'id':'1'#这个id可以随意
}

#将查询数据发送到zabbix-server
ret = requests.post(zbx_url,data=json.dumps(data),headers=headers)

respone_result = ret.json()['result']#对结果进行json序列化

print(respone_result)

下面简单介绍一下上诉代码：

要调用zabbix api获取数据，首先要获得auth这一串字符用户后续的内容获取，auth可以看做是一种你与zabbix-server之间的"暗号"；

登录的json内容之所以这样写是的，json字符串里面千万不能使用tab键。

login = {
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "method": "user.login",
  "params": {
    "user": "admin",     #根据自己的情况填
    "password": "zabbix"   #根据自己的条件填写
  },
  "id": 1
}

字符串建议先浏览一下官网的说明，要强调的是output和filter这两个key，output就是zabbix api返回来的内容，filter相当于是过滤条件：

"filter": {
      # 筛选条件
       "value": 1,       #value值为1表示有问题
       "status": 0       #status为0表示已启用的trigger
    },

上诉代码表示 value=1 and status=0，是一种与关系，很像查数据库表时候的过滤操作。

强烈建议先大概浏览一下

ps:python通过zabbix api获得数据的方法

zabbix api查询：

import json,urllib2
from urllib2 import request, urlopen, urlerror, httperror
#url and url header
#zabbix的api 地址，用户名，密码，这里修改为自己实际的参数
zabbix_url="http://10.16.2.40/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
zabbix_header = {"content-type":"application/json"}
zabbix_user  = "admin"
zabbix_pass  = "password"
auth_code   = ""

#auth user and password
#用户认证信息的部分，最终的目的是得到一个sessionid
#这里是生成一个json格式的数据，用户名和密码
auth_data = json.dumps(
    {
      "jsonrpc":"2.0",
      "method":"user.login",
      "params":
          {
            "user":zabbix_user,
            "password":zabbix_pass
          },
      "id":0
    })

# create request object
request = urllib2.request(zabbix_url,auth_data)

for key in zabbix_header:
  request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])

try:
  result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
#对于出错新的处理
except httperror, e:
  print 'the server couldn\'t fulfill the request, error code: ', e.code
except urlerror, e:
  print 'we failed to reach a server.reason: ', e.reason
else:
  response=json.loads(result.read())
  print response
  result.close()

#判断sessionid是否在返回的数据中
if 'result' in response:
  auth_code=response['result']
else:
  print response['error']['data']
                                                                                          
# request json
#用得到的sessionid去通过验证，获取主机的信息（用http.get方法）
if len(auth_code) <> 0:
  host_list=[]
  get_host_data = json.dumps(
  {
    "jsonrpc":"2.0",
    "method":"host.get",
    "params":{
        "output": "extend",
    },
    "auth":auth_code,
    "id":1,
  })

  # create request object
  request = urllib2.request(zabbix_url,get_host_data)
  for key in zabbix_header:
    request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])

  # get host list
  try:
    result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
  except urlerror as e:
    if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
      print 'we failed to reach a server.'
      print 'reason: ', e.reason
    elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
      print 'the server could not fulfill the request.'
      print 'error code: ', e.code
  else:
    response = json.loads(result.read())
    result.close()                                                                                    
    #将所有的主机信息显示出来
    for r in response['result']:
    #  print r['hostid'],r['host']
      host_list.append(r['hostid'])
    #显示主机的个数
    print "number of hosts: ", len(host_list)

  

　　#返回所有hostid==10251的主机，并只查询name包含“cpu usage”字段的item，并按照name排序
  get_item_data = json.dumps({
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "item.get",
    "params": {
      "output": "extend",
      "hostids": "10251"
      "search": {
        #"key_": 'perf_counter[\processor information(_total)\% processor time]'
        "name": "cpu usage"
      },
      "sortfield": "name"
    },
    "auth": auth_code,
    "id": 1
  })

  request = urllib2.request(zabbix_url,get_item_data)
  for key in zabbix_header:
    request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])
  result = urllib2.urlopen(request)

  try:
    result = urllib2.urlopen(request)  
    response = json.loads(result.read())
    for r in response['result']:
      print r['itemid'],r['hostid']
    result.close()  
  except:
    pass

  #通过hostid获取相应的graphid
  get_graph_data = json.dumps({
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "graphitem.get",
    "params": {
      "output": "extend",
      "expanddata": 1,
      "itemids": "33712"
    },
    "auth": auth_code,
    "id": 1
  })
  request = urllib2.request(zabbix_url,get_graph_data)
  for key in zabbix_header:
    request.add_header(key,zabbix_header[key])
  result = urllib2.urlopen(request)

  try:
    result = urllib2.urlopen(request)  
    response = json.loads(result.read())
    for r in response['result']:
      print r['itemid'],r['graphid']
    result.close()  
  except:
    pass

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