欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

通过jdbc实现Oracle备份到Mysql

程序员文章站 2022-03-17 12:38:02
...

一直用的系统是 Oracle的数据库,现在一个客户比较小,不想投入钱购买数据库软件,所以只能使用Mysql,需要将框架中的一些表结构、记录从Oracle导入到Mysql中去。网上没找到好用的软件,所以决定自己弄一个小程序实现异构库备份:

  思路比较简单, 先生成建表语句并在mysql库中执行,在生成insert语句在mysql中执行。

         一: 生成建表语句重点是需要获取表的字段,默认值,是否为空, 字段类型、字段长度等, 万幸的是这些jdbc都有实现,通过Connect获取数据库的DatabaseMetaData--dmd

 

               System.out.println("加载Oracle链接0...");
		connect = connect(0);
		
		System.out.println("加载Mysql链接1...");
		insertConnect = connect(1);
		
		System.out.println("获取dmd...");
		dmd = connect.getMetaData();

 

 

 

再通过DatabaseMetaData--dmd查询表单字段信息,

 

ResultSet colrs = dmd.getColumns("%", dmd.getUserName(),table.toUpperCase(), "%");

 然后解析获取到的ResultSet信息后即可获取到字段的全部信息,生成建表语句:

 

 

 

    二取生成insert语句类似,需要适用select语句查询表的信息,然后循环解析每一行的记录,生成insert插入,此处执行sql的是PreparedStatement,可以循环适用insert语句,仅需要改变每一次动态设置的值属性即可。

 

 

全部代码比较简单,直接上代码:

有两个类:jdbc工具类:JDBCUtil.java

 

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class JDBCUtil {

	public static Connection connect(int type) {
		Connection conn;

		if (type == 0) {//oracle
			conn = connectOracle();
		} else {		//Mysql
			conn = connectMysql();
		}

		return conn;
	}

	/**
	 * 连接Oracle
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Connection connectMysql() {

		// 连接MySql数据库,用户名和密码
		String username = "111212";
		String password = "2121";
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.1/training?user=" + username+ "&password=" + password + "";
		Connection conn = null;

		try {
			// 加载MySql的驱动类
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("找不到驱动程序类 ,加载驱动失败!");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException se) {
			System.out.println("数据库连接失败!");
			se.printStackTrace();
		}

		return conn;
	}

	/**
	 * 连接Oracle
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Connection connectOracle() {
		String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.1.1:1521:orcl";

		// 连接MySql数据库,用户名和密码都是root
		String username = "abcaf";
		String password = "syjgagagac";
		Connection conn = null;

		try {
			// 加载MySql的驱动类
			Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("找不到驱动程序类 ,加载驱动失败!");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException se) {
			System.out.println("数据库连接失败!");
			se.printStackTrace();
		}

		return conn;
	}
	
	
	public static List getColumnNames(ResultSetMetaData meta) throws SQLException{
		List list = new ArrayList();
		for (int i = 1; i <= meta.getColumnCount(); i++) {
			list.add(meta.getColumnName(i));
		}
		return list;
	}
	

	// ResultSetMetaData 使用示例
	// 此方法参考 http://blog.csdn.net/yirentianran/article/details/2950321
	public static void demoResultSetMetaData(ResultSetMetaData data)
			throws SQLException {
		for (int i = 1; i <= data.getColumnCount(); i++) {
			// 获得所有列的数目及实际列数
			int columnCount = data.getColumnCount();
			// 获得指定列的列名
			String columnName = data.getColumnName(i);
			// 获得指定列的列值
			// String columnValue = rs.getString(i);
			// 获得指定列的数据类型
			int columnType = data.getColumnType(i);
			// 获得指定列的数据类型名
			String columnTypeName = data.getColumnTypeName(i);
			// 所在的Catalog名字
			String catalogName = data.getCatalogName(i);
			// 对应数据类型的类
			String columnClassName = data.getColumnClassName(i);
			// 在数据库中类型的最大字符个数
			int columnDisplaySize = data.getColumnDisplaySize(i);
			// 默认的列的标题
			String columnLabel = data.getColumnLabel(i);
			// 获得列的模式
			String schemaName = data.getSchemaName(i);
			// 某列类型的精确度(类型的长度)
			int precision = data.getPrecision(i);
			// 小数点后的位数
			int scale = data.getScale(i);
			// 获取某列对应的表名
			String tableName = data.getTableName(i);
			// 是否自动递增
			boolean isAutoInctement = data.isAutoIncrement(i);
			// 在数据库中是否为货币型
			boolean isCurrency = data.isCurrency(i);
			// 是否为空
			int isNullable = data.isNullable(i);
			// 是否为只读
			boolean isReadOnly = data.isReadOnly(i);
			// 能否出现在where中
			boolean isSearchable = data.isSearchable(i);
			System.out.println(columnCount);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的字段名称:" + columnName);
			// System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的字段值:" + columnValue);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的类型,返回SqlType中的编号:" + columnType);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的数据类型名:" + columnTypeName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "所在的Catalog名字:" + catalogName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "对应数据类型的类:" + columnClassName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "在数据库中类型的最大字符个数:"
					+ columnDisplaySize);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的默认的列的标题:" + columnLabel);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的模式:" + schemaName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "类型的精确度(类型的长度):" + precision);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "小数点后的位数:" + scale);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "对应的表名:" + tableName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否自动递增:" + isAutoInctement);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "在数据库中是否为货币型:" + isCurrency);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否为空:" + isNullable);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否为只读:" + isReadOnly);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "能否出现在where中:" + isSearchable);
		}
	}

	// 演示 DatabaseMetaData
	public static void demoDatabaseMetaData() {
		try {
			Connection con = connect(0);
			//
			DatabaseMetaData dmd = con.getMetaData();
			System.out.println("当前数据库是:" + dmd.getDatabaseProductName());
			System.out.println("当前数据库版本:" + dmd.getDatabaseProductVersion());
			System.out.println("当前数据库驱动:" + dmd.getDriverVersion());
			System.out.println("当前数据库URL:" + dmd.getURL());
			System.out.println("当前数据库是否是只读模式?:" + dmd.isReadOnly());
			System.out.println("当前数据库是否支持批量更新?:" + dmd.supportsBatchUpdates());
			System.out .println("当前数据库是否支持结果集的双向移动(数据库数据变动不在ResultSet体现)?:" + dmd.supportsResultSetType(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE));
			System.out .println("当前数据库是否支持结果集的双向移动(数据库数据变动会影响到ResultSet的内容)?:" + dmd.supportsResultSetType(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE));
			System.out.println("========================================");

			// ResultSet rs = dmd.getTables(null, null, "%", null);
			// System.out.println("表名" + "," + "表类型");
			/*
			 * while (rs.next()) { String tname =
			 * rs.getString("TABLE_NAME").toLowerCase();
			 * if(!tname.startsWith("t_")){ continue; }
			 * System.out.println(rs.getString("TABLE_NAME") + ","+
			 * rs.getString("TABLE_TYPE")); }
			 */
			System.out.println("========================================");

			ResultSet rs = dmd.getPrimaryKeys(null, "SYJC", "t_mz_djlr".toUpperCase());
			while (rs.next()) {
				System.out .println(rs.getString(3) + "表的主键是:" + rs.getString(4));
			}
			System.out.println("========================================");

			rs = dmd.getColumns("%", "SYJC", "t_mz_djlr", "%");
			System.out.println("t_student表包含的字段:");
			while (rs.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs.getString(4) + " " + rs.getString(6) + "(" + rs.getString(7) + ");");
			}
			System.out.println("========================================");

		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("数据库操作出现异常");
		}
	}

}

 

还有一个实现 解析字段信息生成建表语句、解析结果生成insert语句的类DBBackUtil.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class DBBackUtil  extends JDBCUtil{

	public static Connection connect;
	public static Connection insertConnect;
	public static DatabaseMetaData dmd;
	public static Map dataTypesMap = new HashMap();
	public static List<String> types = new ArrayList();
	public static Map<String,Boolean> unneedLength = new HashMap();
	
	
	
	static{
		/**
		 * 此处对象的是 jdbcType  将要转换到mysql的数据类型
		 */
		dataTypesMap.put(12+"","VARCHAR");
		dataTypesMap.put(3+"","DECIMAL");
		dataTypesMap.put(93+"","TIMESTAMP");
		dataTypesMap.put(1+"","CHAR");
		dataTypesMap.put(6+"","DECIMAL");
		dataTypesMap.put(2005+"","LONGTEXT");
		dataTypesMap.put(1111+"","VARCHAR");
		
		/***不需要长度的字段, clob(longtext)、TIMESTAMP*/
		unneedLength.put(93+"",true);
		unneedLength.put(2005+"",true);
		
		types.add("VARCHAR2");
		types.add("NUMBER");
		types.add("DATE");
		types.add("CHAR");
		types.add("FLOAT");
		types.add("CLOB");
		types.add("NCHAR");
	}
	
	

	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		
		System.out.println("加载Oracle链接0...");
		connect = connect(0);
		
		System.out.println("加载Mysql链接1...");
		insertConnect = connect(1);
		
		System.out.println("获取dmd...");
		dmd = connect.getMetaData();

		String[] tables = { "t_base_zg" };
		
		String table = null;

		for (int j = 0; j < tables.length; j++) {
			table = tables[j];
			System.out.println("===========================================================");
			createCreateSQL(table);
			System.out.println("===========================================================");
			System.out.println("插入开始表:"+table);
			createInsertSQL(table);
			System.out.println("插入表结束:"+table);
			System.out.println("===========================================================");
		}

//		System.out.println("*******************************************");
//		for (String ty : types) {
//			System.out.println(ty);
//		}
//		System.out.println("*******************************************");
		connect.close();

	}
	
	private static void createInsertSQL(String table) throws SQLException {
		Statement stmt = createStmt(connect);
		String sql = "select * from "+table;
		System.out.println("查询表数据  "+table);
		ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
		
		System.out.println("获取表字段。。。。"+table);
		List<String> columns = getColumnNames(rs.getMetaData());
		StringBuffer insertSql = new StringBuffer("INSERT INTO  "+table+"(");
		for (String col : columns) {
			insertSql.append(col+",");
		}
		insertSql.delete(insertSql.length()-1, insertSql.length());
		insertSql.append(") \n values(");
		for (String col : columns) {
			insertSql.append("?,");
		}
		insertSql.delete(insertSql.length()-1, insertSql.length());
		insertSql.append(")");
		System.out.println(insertSql.toString());
		
		System.out.println("循环插入数据......");
		PreparedStatement preStmt = null;
		while(rs.next()){
			preStmt = createPreStmt(insertConnect, insertSql.toString());
			//循环结果集 执行插入操作
			for (int i = 0; i < columns.size(); i++) {
				Object obj = rs.getObject(columns.get(i));
				
				//System.out.println(obj+"\t"+(obj!=null?obj.getClass():""));
				preStmt.setObject(i+1, obj);
			}
			
			int count = preStmt.executeUpdate();
			System.out.println("插入 "+count+"条");
			preStmt.clearBatch();
			preStmt.clearParameters();
			preStmt.close();
		}
		
		rs.close();
	}



	/**
	 * 生成建表语句
	 * @param table
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static  String createCreateSQL(String table) throws SQLException{
		
		ResultSet colrs = dmd.getColumns("%", dmd.getUserName(),table.toUpperCase(), "%");
		
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("create table " + table + "(\n");
		System.out.println("获取表 【"+table+"】的字段创建按create语句");
		while (colrs.next()) {
			String columnName = colrs.getString("COLUMN_NAME");	//字段名
			int dataType = colrs.getInt("DATA_TYPE");			//数据类型    数字表示
			String dataTypeName = (String) dataTypesMap.get(dataType+"");
			String typeName = colrs.getString("TYPE_NAME");		//类型名		varchar2等,数据库的实际字段类型
			if(!types.contains(typeName)){
				types.add(typeName);
			}
			int columnSize = colrs.getInt("COLUMN_SIZE");
			String remarks = colrs.getString("REMARKS");
			int nullable  = colrs.getInt("NULLABLE");
			String columnDef  = colrs.getString("COLUMN_DEF");
			sb.append("\t"+columnName.toLowerCase()+"\t");//字段名
			
			if( columnSize == 4000 && "VARCHAR".equals(dataTypeName)){
				sb.append("Text");//daatype
			}else{
				sb.append(dataTypeName);//daatype
			}
			
			Boolean unNeedLength = unneedLength.get(dataType+"");
			if(!(unNeedLength!=null && unNeedLength.booleanValue())){
				if("DECIMAL".equals(dataTypeName)){
					sb.append("("+(columnSize>10?10:columnSize));	//字段长度
				}else{
					sb.append("("+columnSize);	//字段长度
				}
				sb.append(")");
			}
			
			sb.append("\t");
			//sb.append("typeName:"+typeName+"\t");
			//sb.append("dataType:"+dataType+"\t");
			if(columnDef!=null && !"".equals(columnDef.trim())){
				sb.append("default "+columnDef+" \t"); //默认值
			}
			//sb.append("remarks:"+remarks+"\t");
			sb.append((nullable == 0 ? " not null " : "")+","); //是否为空
			sb.append("\n");
		}
		
		
		//去掉最后的逗号
		sb.replace(sb.length()-3, sb.length(), "");
		System.out.println("获取表 【"+table+"】的主键....");
		/**
		 * 生成主键
		 */
		String keySql = createKeySqlByTableName(table);
		if(keySql!=null && keySql.length()>0){
			sb.append(",\n");
			sb.append("\t"+keySql+"\n");
		}
		
		sb.append(") ENGINE=INNODB ;");
		System.out.println(sb.toString());
		
		Statement stmt = createStmt(insertConnect);
		System.out.println("执行表 【"+table+"】的建表语句 ....");
		boolean runRs = stmt.execute(sb.toString());
		System.out.println("上述建表语句 执行完成");
		
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	
	/**
	 * 获取表主键集合
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	private static List getTableKeys(String tableName) throws SQLException{
		ResultSet  rs = dmd.getPrimaryKeys(null, "SYJC", tableName.toUpperCase());//此处旭要将表名设置成大写 oracle 只认大写
		List list = new ArrayList();
		while (rs.next()) {
			list.add(rs.getString(4).toLowerCase());
		}
		rs.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 将表名拼接成Key sql
	 * @param tableName
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static String createKeySqlByTableName(String tableName) throws SQLException{
		
		List list = getTableKeys(tableName);
		
		return createKeySql(list);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 将字段拼接成Key sql
	 * @param list
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String createKeySql(List<String> list){
		
		if(list==null || list.size()<=0){
			return null;
		}
		
		StringBuffer keySql = new StringBuffer();
		keySql.append("primary key (");
		for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
			if(i!=0 ){
				keySql.append(",");
			}
			keySql.append(list.get(i));
		}
		keySql.append(")");
		
		return keySql.toString();
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	

	public static PreparedStatement createPreStmt(Connection conn, String sql) {
		PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
		try {
			pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			System.out.println("生成预处理stmt失败");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return pstmt;
	}
	
	public static Statement createStmt(Connection conn) {
		Statement pstmt = null;
		try {
		 	pstmt = conn.createStatement();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			System.out.println("生成预处理stmt失败");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return pstmt;
	}

	
	
	/**
	 * 解析ResultSet的单条记录,不进行 ResultSet 的next移动处理
	 * 
	 * @param rs
	 * @return
	 */
	private static Map<String, Object> parseResultSetToMap(ResultSet rs) {
		//
		if (null == rs) {
			return null;
		}
		//
		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		//
		try {
			ResultSetMetaData meta = rs.getMetaData();
			//
			int colNum = meta.getColumnCount();
			//
			for (int i = 1; i <= colNum; i++) {
				// 列名
				String name = meta.getColumnLabel(i); // i+1
				Object value = rs.getObject(i);
				// 加入属性
				map.put(name, value);
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		//
		return map;
	}
	

//	/**
//	 * varchar2 number date char clob nchar
//	 * 
//	 * @return
//	 */
//	public static Map createMappingRelation() {
//		Map map = new HashMap();
//		map.put("varchar2", "varchar");
//		map.put("number", "varchar");
//		map.put("date", "datetime");
//		map.put("char", "charo");
//		map.put("clob", "mediumtext");
//		map.put("nchar", "varchar");
//		return map;
//	}

}

 

 

通过dmd 获取字段信息 请参考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_707a9f0601014y1y.html

 

 

转载请注明出处:http://314649444.iteye.com/admin/blogs/2307007