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通过jdbc实现Oracle备份到Mysql

程序员文章站 2022-03-17 12:38:26
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一直用的系统是 Oracle的数据库,现在一个客户比较小,不想投入钱购买数据库软件,所以只能使用Mysql,需要将框架中的一些表结构、记录从Oracle导入到Mysql中去。网上没找到好用的软件,所以决定自己弄一个小程序实现异构库备份:

  思路比较简单, 先生成建表语句并在mysql库中执行,在生成insert语句在mysql中执行。

         一: 生成建表语句重点是需要获取表的字段,默认值,是否为空, 字段类型、字段长度等, 万幸的是这些jdbc都有实现,通过Connect获取数据库的DatabaseMetaData--dmd

 

               System.out.println("加载Oracle链接0...");
		connect = connect(0);
		
		System.out.println("加载Mysql链接1...");
		insertConnect = connect(1);
		
		System.out.println("获取dmd...");
		dmd = connect.getMetaData();

 

 

 

再通过DatabaseMetaData--dmd查询表单字段信息,

 

ResultSet colrs = dmd.getColumns("%", dmd.getUserName(),table.toUpperCase(), "%");

 然后解析获取到的ResultSet信息后即可获取到字段的全部信息,生成建表语句:

 

 

 

    二取生成insert语句类似,需要适用select语句查询表的信息,然后循环解析每一行的记录,生成insert插入,此处执行sql的是PreparedStatement,可以循环适用insert语句,仅需要改变每一次动态设置的值属性即可。

 

 

全部代码比较简单,直接上代码:

有两个类:jdbc工具类:JDBCUtil.java

 

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class JDBCUtil {

	public static Connection connect(int type) {
		Connection conn;

		if (type == 0) {//oracle
			conn = connectOracle();
		} else {		//Mysql
			conn = connectMysql();
		}

		return conn;
	}

	/**
	 * 连接Oracle
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Connection connectMysql() {

		// 连接MySql数据库,用户名和密码
		String username = "111212";
		String password = "2121";
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.1/training?user=" + username+ "&password=" + password + "";
		Connection conn = null;

		try {
			// 加载MySql的驱动类
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("找不到驱动程序类 ,加载驱动失败!");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException se) {
			System.out.println("数据库连接失败!");
			se.printStackTrace();
		}

		return conn;
	}

	/**
	 * 连接Oracle
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Connection connectOracle() {
		String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.1.1:1521:orcl";

		// 连接MySql数据库,用户名和密码都是root
		String username = "abcaf";
		String password = "syjgagagac";
		Connection conn = null;

		try {
			// 加载MySql的驱动类
			Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("找不到驱动程序类 ,加载驱动失败!");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException se) {
			System.out.println("数据库连接失败!");
			se.printStackTrace();
		}

		return conn;
	}
	
	
	public static List getColumnNames(ResultSetMetaData meta) throws SQLException{
		List list = new ArrayList();
		for (int i = 1; i <= meta.getColumnCount(); i++) {
			list.add(meta.getColumnName(i));
		}
		return list;
	}
	

	// ResultSetMetaData 使用示例
	// 此方法参考 http://blog.csdn.net/yirentianran/article/details/2950321
	public static void demoResultSetMetaData(ResultSetMetaData data)
			throws SQLException {
		for (int i = 1; i <= data.getColumnCount(); i++) {
			// 获得所有列的数目及实际列数
			int columnCount = data.getColumnCount();
			// 获得指定列的列名
			String columnName = data.getColumnName(i);
			// 获得指定列的列值
			// String columnValue = rs.getString(i);
			// 获得指定列的数据类型
			int columnType = data.getColumnType(i);
			// 获得指定列的数据类型名
			String columnTypeName = data.getColumnTypeName(i);
			// 所在的Catalog名字
			String catalogName = data.getCatalogName(i);
			// 对应数据类型的类
			String columnClassName = data.getColumnClassName(i);
			// 在数据库中类型的最大字符个数
			int columnDisplaySize = data.getColumnDisplaySize(i);
			// 默认的列的标题
			String columnLabel = data.getColumnLabel(i);
			// 获得列的模式
			String schemaName = data.getSchemaName(i);
			// 某列类型的精确度(类型的长度)
			int precision = data.getPrecision(i);
			// 小数点后的位数
			int scale = data.getScale(i);
			// 获取某列对应的表名
			String tableName = data.getTableName(i);
			// 是否自动递增
			boolean isAutoInctement = data.isAutoIncrement(i);
			// 在数据库中是否为货币型
			boolean isCurrency = data.isCurrency(i);
			// 是否为空
			int isNullable = data.isNullable(i);
			// 是否为只读
			boolean isReadOnly = data.isReadOnly(i);
			// 能否出现在where中
			boolean isSearchable = data.isSearchable(i);
			System.out.println(columnCount);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的字段名称:" + columnName);
			// System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的字段值:" + columnValue);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的类型,返回SqlType中的编号:" + columnType);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的数据类型名:" + columnTypeName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "所在的Catalog名字:" + catalogName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "对应数据类型的类:" + columnClassName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "在数据库中类型的最大字符个数:"
					+ columnDisplaySize);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的默认的列的标题:" + columnLabel);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "的模式:" + schemaName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "类型的精确度(类型的长度):" + precision);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "小数点后的位数:" + scale);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "对应的表名:" + tableName);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否自动递增:" + isAutoInctement);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "在数据库中是否为货币型:" + isCurrency);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否为空:" + isNullable);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "是否为只读:" + isReadOnly);
			System.out.println("获得列" + i + "能否出现在where中:" + isSearchable);
		}
	}

	// 演示 DatabaseMetaData
	public static void demoDatabaseMetaData() {
		try {
			Connection con = connect(0);
			//
			DatabaseMetaData dmd = con.getMetaData();
			System.out.println("当前数据库是:" + dmd.getDatabaseProductName());
			System.out.println("当前数据库版本:" + dmd.getDatabaseProductVersion());
			System.out.println("当前数据库驱动:" + dmd.getDriverVersion());
			System.out.println("当前数据库URL:" + dmd.getURL());
			System.out.println("当前数据库是否是只读模式?:" + dmd.isReadOnly());
			System.out.println("当前数据库是否支持批量更新?:" + dmd.supportsBatchUpdates());
			System.out .println("当前数据库是否支持结果集的双向移动(数据库数据变动不在ResultSet体现)?:" + dmd.supportsResultSetType(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE));
			System.out .println("当前数据库是否支持结果集的双向移动(数据库数据变动会影响到ResultSet的内容)?:" + dmd.supportsResultSetType(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE));
			System.out.println("========================================");

			// ResultSet rs = dmd.getTables(null, null, "%", null);
			// System.out.println("表名" + "," + "表类型");
			/*
			 * while (rs.next()) { String tname =
			 * rs.getString("TABLE_NAME").toLowerCase();
			 * if(!tname.startsWith("t_")){ continue; }
			 * System.out.println(rs.getString("TABLE_NAME") + ","+
			 * rs.getString("TABLE_TYPE")); }
			 */
			System.out.println("========================================");

			ResultSet rs = dmd.getPrimaryKeys(null, "SYJC", "t_mz_djlr".toUpperCase());
			while (rs.next()) {
				System.out .println(rs.getString(3) + "表的主键是:" + rs.getString(4));
			}
			System.out.println("========================================");

			rs = dmd.getColumns("%", "SYJC", "t_mz_djlr", "%");
			System.out.println("t_student表包含的字段:");
			while (rs.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs.getString(4) + " " + rs.getString(6) + "(" + rs.getString(7) + ");");
			}
			System.out.println("========================================");

		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("数据库操作出现异常");
		}
	}

}

 

还有一个实现 解析字段信息生成建表语句、解析结果生成insert语句的类DBBackUtil.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class DBBackUtil  extends JDBCUtil{

	public static Connection connect;
	public static Connection insertConnect;
	public static DatabaseMetaData dmd;
	public static Map dataTypesMap = new HashMap();
	public static List<String> types = new ArrayList();
	public static Map<String,Boolean> unneedLength = new HashMap();
	
	
	
	static{
		/**
		 * 此处对象的是 jdbcType  将要转换到mysql的数据类型
		 */
		dataTypesMap.put(12+"","VARCHAR");
		dataTypesMap.put(3+"","DECIMAL");
		dataTypesMap.put(93+"","TIMESTAMP");
		dataTypesMap.put(1+"","CHAR");
		dataTypesMap.put(6+"","DECIMAL");
		dataTypesMap.put(2005+"","LONGTEXT");
		dataTypesMap.put(1111+"","VARCHAR");
		
		/***不需要长度的字段, clob(longtext)、TIMESTAMP*/
		unneedLength.put(93+"",true);
		unneedLength.put(2005+"",true);
		
		types.add("VARCHAR2");
		types.add("NUMBER");
		types.add("DATE");
		types.add("CHAR");
		types.add("FLOAT");
		types.add("CLOB");
		types.add("NCHAR");
	}
	
	

	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		
		System.out.println("加载Oracle链接0...");
		connect = connect(0);
		
		System.out.println("加载Mysql链接1...");
		insertConnect = connect(1);
		
		System.out.println("获取dmd...");
		dmd = connect.getMetaData();

		String[] tables = { "t_base_zg" };
		
		String table = null;

		for (int j = 0; j < tables.length; j++) {
			table = tables[j];
			System.out.println("===========================================================");
			createCreateSQL(table);
			System.out.println("===========================================================");
			System.out.println("插入开始表:"+table);
			createInsertSQL(table);
			System.out.println("插入表结束:"+table);
			System.out.println("===========================================================");
		}

//		System.out.println("*******************************************");
//		for (String ty : types) {
//			System.out.println(ty);
//		}
//		System.out.println("*******************************************");
		connect.close();

	}
	
	private static void createInsertSQL(String table) throws SQLException {
		Statement stmt = createStmt(connect);
		String sql = "select * from "+table;
		System.out.println("查询表数据  "+table);
		ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
		
		System.out.println("获取表字段。。。。"+table);
		List<String> columns = getColumnNames(rs.getMetaData());
		StringBuffer insertSql = new StringBuffer("INSERT INTO  "+table+"(");
		for (String col : columns) {
			insertSql.append(col+",");
		}
		insertSql.delete(insertSql.length()-1, insertSql.length());
		insertSql.append(") \n values(");
		for (String col : columns) {
			insertSql.append("?,");
		}
		insertSql.delete(insertSql.length()-1, insertSql.length());
		insertSql.append(")");
		System.out.println(insertSql.toString());
		
		System.out.println("循环插入数据......");
		PreparedStatement preStmt = null;
		while(rs.next()){
			preStmt = createPreStmt(insertConnect, insertSql.toString());
			//循环结果集 执行插入操作
			for (int i = 0; i < columns.size(); i++) {
				Object obj = rs.getObject(columns.get(i));
				
				//System.out.println(obj+"\t"+(obj!=null?obj.getClass():""));
				preStmt.setObject(i+1, obj);
			}
			
			int count = preStmt.executeUpdate();
			System.out.println("插入 "+count+"条");
			preStmt.clearBatch();
			preStmt.clearParameters();
			preStmt.close();
		}
		
		rs.close();
	}



	/**
	 * 生成建表语句
	 * @param table
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static  String createCreateSQL(String table) throws SQLException{
		
		ResultSet colrs = dmd.getColumns("%", dmd.getUserName(),table.toUpperCase(), "%");
		
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("create table " + table + "(\n");
		System.out.println("获取表 【"+table+"】的字段创建按create语句");
		while (colrs.next()) {
			String columnName = colrs.getString("COLUMN_NAME");	//字段名
			int dataType = colrs.getInt("DATA_TYPE");			//数据类型    数字表示
			String dataTypeName = (String) dataTypesMap.get(dataType+"");
			String typeName = colrs.getString("TYPE_NAME");		//类型名		varchar2等,数据库的实际字段类型
			if(!types.contains(typeName)){
				types.add(typeName);
			}
			int columnSize = colrs.getInt("COLUMN_SIZE");
			String remarks = colrs.getString("REMARKS");
			int nullable  = colrs.getInt("NULLABLE");
			String columnDef  = colrs.getString("COLUMN_DEF");
			sb.append("\t"+columnName.toLowerCase()+"\t");//字段名
			
			if( columnSize == 4000 && "VARCHAR".equals(dataTypeName)){
				sb.append("Text");//daatype
			}else{
				sb.append(dataTypeName);//daatype
			}
			
			Boolean unNeedLength = unneedLength.get(dataType+"");
			if(!(unNeedLength!=null && unNeedLength.booleanValue())){
				if("DECIMAL".equals(dataTypeName)){
					sb.append("("+(columnSize>10?10:columnSize));	//字段长度
				}else{
					sb.append("("+columnSize);	//字段长度
				}
				sb.append(")");
			}
			
			sb.append("\t");
			//sb.append("typeName:"+typeName+"\t");
			//sb.append("dataType:"+dataType+"\t");
			if(columnDef!=null && !"".equals(columnDef.trim())){
				sb.append("default "+columnDef+" \t"); //默认值
			}
			//sb.append("remarks:"+remarks+"\t");
			sb.append((nullable == 0 ? " not null " : "")+","); //是否为空
			sb.append("\n");
		}
		
		
		//去掉最后的逗号
		sb.replace(sb.length()-3, sb.length(), "");
		System.out.println("获取表 【"+table+"】的主键....");
		/**
		 * 生成主键
		 */
		String keySql = createKeySqlByTableName(table);
		if(keySql!=null && keySql.length()>0){
			sb.append(",\n");
			sb.append("\t"+keySql+"\n");
		}
		
		sb.append(") ENGINE=INNODB ;");
		System.out.println(sb.toString());
		
		Statement stmt = createStmt(insertConnect);
		System.out.println("执行表 【"+table+"】的建表语句 ....");
		boolean runRs = stmt.execute(sb.toString());
		System.out.println("上述建表语句 执行完成");
		
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	
	/**
	 * 获取表主键集合
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	private static List getTableKeys(String tableName) throws SQLException{
		ResultSet  rs = dmd.getPrimaryKeys(null, "SYJC", tableName.toUpperCase());//此处旭要将表名设置成大写 oracle 只认大写
		List list = new ArrayList();
		while (rs.next()) {
			list.add(rs.getString(4).toLowerCase());
		}
		rs.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 将表名拼接成Key sql
	 * @param tableName
	 * @return
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static String createKeySqlByTableName(String tableName) throws SQLException{
		
		List list = getTableKeys(tableName);
		
		return createKeySql(list);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 将字段拼接成Key sql
	 * @param list
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String createKeySql(List<String> list){
		
		if(list==null || list.size()<=0){
			return null;
		}
		
		StringBuffer keySql = new StringBuffer();
		keySql.append("primary key (");
		for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
			if(i!=0 ){
				keySql.append(",");
			}
			keySql.append(list.get(i));
		}
		keySql.append(")");
		
		return keySql.toString();
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	

	public static PreparedStatement createPreStmt(Connection conn, String sql) {
		PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
		try {
			pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			System.out.println("生成预处理stmt失败");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return pstmt;
	}
	
	public static Statement createStmt(Connection conn) {
		Statement pstmt = null;
		try {
		 	pstmt = conn.createStatement();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			System.out.println("生成预处理stmt失败");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return pstmt;
	}

	
	
	/**
	 * 解析ResultSet的单条记录,不进行 ResultSet 的next移动处理
	 * 
	 * @param rs
	 * @return
	 */
	private static Map<String, Object> parseResultSetToMap(ResultSet rs) {
		//
		if (null == rs) {
			return null;
		}
		//
		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		//
		try {
			ResultSetMetaData meta = rs.getMetaData();
			//
			int colNum = meta.getColumnCount();
			//
			for (int i = 1; i <= colNum; i++) {
				// 列名
				String name = meta.getColumnLabel(i); // i+1
				Object value = rs.getObject(i);
				// 加入属性
				map.put(name, value);
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		//
		return map;
	}
	

//	/**
//	 * varchar2 number date char clob nchar
//	 * 
//	 * @return
//	 */
//	public static Map createMappingRelation() {
//		Map map = new HashMap();
//		map.put("varchar2", "varchar");
//		map.put("number", "varchar");
//		map.put("date", "datetime");
//		map.put("char", "charo");
//		map.put("clob", "mediumtext");
//		map.put("nchar", "varchar");
//		return map;
//	}

}

 

 

通过dmd 获取字段信息 请参考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_707a9f0601014y1y.html

 

 

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