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[CentOS]磁盘扩容

程序员文章站 2022-03-16 17:34:10
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我准备在自己虚拟机上面安装mysql用于存储数据，但是问题在于我发现以前为了节省资源，将自己虚拟机的磁盘设置的很小，坑爹了。怎么办呢？还好当初装的时候选择的是可扩展的分区，不然真的只能挂个新的分区或者只能重装了。

一、vmvare扩展磁盘大小
[CentOS]磁盘扩容
二、挂载
上一步只是进行了磁盘扩展，但是空间并没有加入到服务器：
[CentOS]磁盘扩容
fdisk -l可以看到磁盘信息。

[aaa@qq.com ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x0003816d

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         4196352    41936895    18870272   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        41936896    62914559    10488832   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：12.9 GB, 12889096192 字节，25174016 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：3510 MB, 3510632448 字节，6856704 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-app：10.5 GB, 10506731520 字节，20520960 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-var：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-home：1002 MB, 1002438656 字节，1957888 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

执行fdisk /dev/sda

[aaa@qq.com ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。


命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m
命令操作
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)


命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p

磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x0003816d

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         4196352    41936895    18870272   8e  Linux LVM

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (3,4，默认 3)：3
起始 扇区 (41936896-62914559，默认为 41936896)：
将使用默认值 41936896
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (41936896-62914559，默认为 62914559)：
将使用默认值 62914559
分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 10 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t
分区号 (1-3，默认 3)：3
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。

上述命令执行完后，要么重启要么可以执行partprobe命令保存，这个命令是通知系统分区表的变化情况。
接下来执行分区的格式化：

[aaa@qq.com ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655776 inodes, 2622208 blocks
131110 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2688548864
81 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8096 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: 完成                            
正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

添加新的lvm组到已有lvm组：

[aaa@qq.com ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 #初始化刚才的分区
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

[aaa@qq.com ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                5
  Open LV               5
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               17.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4606
  Alloc PE / Size       4605 / <17.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               gSd57O-tV2k-0LfS-oPC1-QsEA-vSlT-dMMmH4
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3 #将初始化过的分区加入到虚拟卷组centos
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

查看分区信息：

[aaa@qq.com ~]# vgdisplay -v
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  7
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                5
  Open LV               5
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               27.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7166
  Alloc PE / Size       4605 / <17.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2561 / 10.00 GiB
  VG UUID               gSd57O-tV2k-0LfS-oPC1-QsEA-vSlT-dMMmH4
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/app
  LV Name                app
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                jeLugD-ICKV-AE6d-JR9E-wMqP-nwqb-p6EhSm
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-06-11 18:55:36 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <9.79 GiB
  Current LE             2505
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                LW7jCe-Bsaf-hQJS-TznY-fxbJ-zU1j-Z41dOi
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-06-11 18:55:36 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/var
  LV Name                var
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                MrXSJt-X01F-Y3vJ-u0GJ-ILqz-c3nZ-b4FatN
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-06-11 18:55:37 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:3
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                3DFJtL-tR31-V6Nf-wmm6-SppP-0J9H-NA1Az3
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-06-11 18:55:37 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                956.00 MiB
  Current LE             239
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:4
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                Xjo4D7-fgrW-MXb6-egRz-cu54-AXC7-s4N3Nn
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-06-11 18:55:38 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                <3.27 GiB
  Current LE             837
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2     
  PV UUID               16yCHV-A3RG-luIV-tLeD-cz23-DsY0-VMLwBO
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    4606 / 1
   
  PV Name               /dev/sda3     
  PV UUID               4CEhp5-vGPE-XhKK-xo84-jkzj-U31w-qFZktb
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    2560 / 2560
[aaa@qq.com ~]# lvextend -l+2561 /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 12.00 GiB (3073 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

扩展到根分区：

[aaa@qq.com ~]# lvextend -l+2561 /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 12.00 GiB (3073 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[aaa@qq.com ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 524288 to 3146752

扩展成功：

[aaa@qq.com ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   12G  1.7G   11G   14% /
devtmpfs                 475M     0  475M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  7.7M  479M    2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                2.0G  133M  1.9G    7% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-app   9.8G  5.0G  4.9G   51% /app
/dev/mapper/centos-var   2.0G  276M  1.8G   14% /var
/dev/mapper/centos-home  953M   33M  921M    4% /home
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
相关标签： CentOS

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