java编程思想笔记（十六）对象序列化

java对象序列化是将对象转化成一个字节序列，一般是将对象实现Serializable接口来实现对象序列化，序列化后，可以通过网络传输数据，也能存在数据库或硬盘中。

反序列化则是字节序列转为JAVA对象

 

下面是实现Serializable接口后对象序列化和反序列化的栗子：

 

import java.io.*;  
  
public class TestObject implements Serializable{}  
  
import java.io.*;  
  
//序列化  
public class SerializeObject{  
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{  
        ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(“x.file”));  
        TestObject obj = new TestObject();  
        //将TestObject对象序列化到x.file文件中  
        out.write(obj);  
}  
}  
  
import java.io.*;  
  
//反序列化  
public class DeserializeObject{  
    public static void main(String[] args)throw Exception{  
        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(“x.file”));  
        Object myObj = in.readObject();  
        System.out.println(myObj.getClass());  
}  
}  

 输出结果：

 

class TestObject

在序列化时，使用ObjectOutputStream将对象序列化写出，反序列化时，使用ObjectInputStream将对象反序列化读入。

注意：反序列化对象使用时，对象的class文件必须在classpath中，否则，JVM找不到对象的class文件会抛出ClassNotFoundException。

 

2.序列化控制

用Serializable会把整个对象都给序列化，使用Externalizable则把对象部分序列化，Externalizable需要实现2个方法，一个是writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)，另一个是readExternal(ObjectInput in)，把你想序列化的对象写在writeExternal方法中，反序列化的对象写在readExternal方法中，在对象序列化和反序列化过程中，这两个方法会自动调用。

 

import java.io.*;  
  
class Blip1 implements Externalizable{  
    public Blip1(){  
        System.out.println(“Blip1 Constructor”);  
}  
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)throws IOException{  
    System.out.println(“Blip1.writeExternal”);  
}  
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{  
    System.out.println(Blip1.readExternal);  
}  
}  
  
class Blip2 implements Externalizable{  
    Blip1(){  
        System.out.println(“Blip2 Constructor”);  
}  
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)throws IOException{  
    System.out.println(“Blip2.writeExternal”);  
}  
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{  
    System.out.println(Blip2.readExternal);  
}  
}  
  
public class Blips{  
    public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{  
        System.out.println(“Constructing objects:”);  
        Blip1 b1 = new Blip1();  
        Blip2 b2 = new Blip2();  
        //序列化  
        ObjectOutputStream o = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(“Blips.out”));  
        System.out.println(“Saving objects:”);  
        o.writeObject(b1);  
        o.writeObject(b2);  
        //反序列化  
        ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(“Blips.out”));  
        System.out.println(“Recovering b1:”);  
        b1 = (Blip1)in.readObject();  
        //由于Blip2的默认无参数构造方法不是public的，所以会抛异常  
        //System.out.println(“Recovering b2:”);  
        //b2 = (Blip2)in.readObject();  
}  
}  

 

输出结果：

Constructing objects:

Blip1 Constructor

Blip2 Constructor

Saving objects:

Blip1.writeExternal

Blip2.writeExternal

Recovering b1:

Blip1 Constructor

Blip1.readExternal

 

3.Externalizable指定部分字段初始化

用writeExternal()和readExternal()可指定所需字段去初始化，不需要的则不初始化

import java.io.*;  
  
public class Test implements Externalizable{  
    private int i;  
    private String s;  
    public Test(){  
        System.out.println(“Test Constructor”);  
}  
public Test(String x, int a){  
    System.out.println(“Test(String x, int a)”);  
    i = a;  
    s = x;  
}  
public void toString(){  
    return s + i;  
}  
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)throws IOException{  
    System.out.println(“Test.writeExternal”);  
    out.writeObject(s);  
    out.writeInt(i);  
}  
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in)throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{  
    System.out.println(“Test.readExternal”);  
    s = (String)in.readObject();  
    i = in.readInt();  
}  
public static void main()throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{  
    System.out.println(“Constructing objects:”);  
    Test t1 = new Test(“A String”, 47);  
    Test t2 = new Test();  
    System.out.println(t1);  
    System.out.println(t2);  
    //序列化  
    ObjectOutputStream o = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(“Test.out”));  
    System.out.println(“Saving objects:”);  
    o.writeObject(t1);\  
    o.writeObject(t2);  
    o.close();  
    //反序列化  
    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(“Test.out”));  
    System.out.println(“Recovering objects:”);  
    t1 = (Test)in.readObject();  
    System.out.println(t1);  
    t2 = (Test)in.readObject();  
    System.out.println(t2);  
}  
}  

 

输出结果：

Constructing objects:

Test(String x, int a)

A String 47

Test Constructor

null0

Saving objects:

Test.writeExternal

Test.writeExternal

Recovering objects:

Test Constructor

Test.readExternal

A String 47

Test Constructor

Test.readExternal

null 0

 

该例子中，当创建对象使用非无参数构造方法时，对象字段被初始化，因此序列化时可以将初始化的值保存。当创建对象使用无参数的构造方法时，对象的字段没有被赋值而使用默认的初始化值。t1使用readExternal()反序列化时因为没有参数，所以会调用默认构造器.

 

4.transient关键字：

当类中某些字段不想被序列化，就需要使用transient关键字，适用于自动序列化的Serializable , Externalizable可通过writeExternal()方法也可以实现此功能.

例子如下：

import java.io.*;  
  
public class User implements Serializable{  
    private String username;  
    private transient String password;  
    public User(String name, String pwd){  
        username = name;  
        password = pwd;  
}  
public String toString(){  
    return “username:” + username + “, password:” + password;  
}  
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{  
    User user = new User(“Test”, “passwd”);  
    System.out.println(“User=” + user);  
    ObjectOutputStream o = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(“User.out”));  
    o.writeObject(user);  
    o.close();  
    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(“User.out”));  
    System.out.println(“Recovering object:”);  
    user = (User)in.readObject();  
    System.out.println(“User=” + user);  
}  
}  

 

输出结果：

User=username:Test,password:passwd

Recovering object:

User=username:Test,password:null