镜像与容器常用指令: 镜像常用指令练习 容器常用指令练习

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：镜像常用命令

1）查看后台运行的容器

[[e-mail] docker]# docker run -d docker.io/nginx  //启动nginx的镜像
[[e-mail] docker]# docker ps    //查看后台运行的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
81458156f6e8        docker.io/nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon off"   9 seconds ago       Up 8 seconds        80/tcp              pedantic_goldberg

2）只显示容器ID

[[e-mail] docker]# docker ps -q
81458156f6e8

3）显示所有的容器,包括没有启动的

 [[e-mail] docker]# docker ps -a

4）显示所有的容器ID

[[e-mail] docker]# docker ps -qa
81458156f6e8
3656f1978967

5）查看centos镜像历史（制作过程），如图-2所示：

 [[e-mail] docker_images]# docker history docker.io/centos

图-2

7）删除镜像，启动容器时删除镜像会失败，先删除容器,再删除镜像

格式：docker rmi 镜像名

[[e-mail] docker]# docker rmi nginx  //nginx为镜像名
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx" (must force) - container 81458156f6e8 is using its referenced image 42b4762643dc  
//删除时报错
  
[[e-mail] docker]# docker stop 81
81
[[e-mail] docker]# docker rm 81
81
[[e-mail] ~]# docker rmi docker.io/nginx   //删除nginx镜像
Untagged: docker.io/nginx:latest
Deleted: sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c
Deleted: sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c
Deleted: sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45
Deleted: sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313

8）修改镜像的名称和标签,默认标签为latest

 [[e-mail] docker_images]# docker tag  docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1
[[e-mail] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/centos     latest              42b4762643dc        4 weeks ago         109.2 MB
docker.io/cen     v1                  42b4762643dc        4 weeks ago         109.2 MB

9）查看镜像的底层信息，如图-3所示：

[[e-mail] docker_images]# docker inspect docker.io/centos

图-3

10）修改镜像的标签

[[e-mail] docker_images]# docker tag  docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1 
[[e-mail] docker_images]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG            IMAGE ID          CREATED          SIZE
    docker.io/cen        v1             e934aafc2206   5 months ago    198.6 MB 
[[e-mail] docker_images]# docker rmi docker.io/centos    //删除centos
[[e-mail] ~]# docker run -it centos   
//启动的时候，因为是用标签标签启动的，所以会重新通过ID下载
[[e-mail] docker]# docker run -it docker.io/centos
Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository registry.access.redhat.com/centos ... 
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
[[e-mail] /]#
[[e-mail] ~]# docker run -it docker.io/cen:v1   
//通过新建的标签启动docker.io/cen:v1

步骤二：容器命令

1）关闭容器

命令：docker stop 容器ID

[[e-mail] docker]# docker stop 0f   //0f为容器ID
0f

2）启动容器

 [[e-mail] docker]# docker start 0f
0f

3）重启容器

 [[e-mail] docker]# docker restart 0f
0f

4）删除容器

运行中删除不掉，先关闭容器

[[e-mail] docker]# docker rm 0f  //删除失败
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[[e-mail] docker]# docker stop 0f   //关闭容器
0f
[[e-mail] docker]# docker rm 0f         //删除成功
0f
[[e-mail] docker]#

5）连接容器attach|exec

[[e-mail] docker]# docker attach  0f
[[e-mail] docker]# docker ps    //容器关闭
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE  COMMAND  CREATED  STATUS  PORTS  NAMES
[[e-mail] docker]#  docker exec -it 0f /bin/bash
[[e-mail] docker]# docker ps        //容器不会关闭
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE         COMMAND        CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
0b3c50284a1c  docker.io/centos      "/bin/bash"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes             tiny_lamarr
[[e-mail] docker]# docker top f7        //查看容器进程列表 
[[e-mail] docker]# docker run -itd docker.io/centos:latest
76e7577cff5d8a3ec877d3ea564fed2fb502bd4a0447705bec269a646d414d07
[[e-mail] docker]# ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 5552 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
 6739 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
[[e-mail] docker]# docker exec -it 76 /bin/bash
[[e-mail] /]# sleep 50 &
[1] 30
[[e-mail] /]# exit
exit
[[e-mail] docker]# docker top 76
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                6708                6691                0                   17:00               pts/1               00:00:00            /bin/bash
UID    PID  PPID C   STIME     TTY         TIME      CMD
root  2744 2729  0   18:01    pts/4  00:00:00   /bin/bash

6）过滤查看mac和ip地址

[[e-mail] docker]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}' 76
02:42:ac:11:00:04
[[e-mail] docker]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 76
172.17.0.4

7）修改nginx的显示内容

[[e-mail] docker_images]# docker run -it docker.io/nginx:latest 

[[e-mail] docker_images]# docker exec -it 56 /bin/bash
[e-mail]:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/
nginx: invalid option: "/usr/share/nginx/html/"   //查找并显示结果
[e-mail]:/# echo  aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 
//修改主页显示的内容
[e-mail]:/# nginx -T
[e-mail]:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 
aaa

8）过滤查看nginx的ip地址

[[e-mail] docker]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' a6
172.17.0.3
[[e-mail] docker]# curl 172.17.0.3
aaa