Django学习笔记（4）：视图
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2022-07-14 22:39:37
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1.视图的功能
接受请求，进行处理，与M和T进行交互，返回应答。
返回html内容HttpResponse，也可能重定向redirect
2.视图函数的使用
（1）定义视图函数
view.py
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
books = BookInfo.objects.all()
return render(request,'booktest002/index.html',{'books':books})
（2）配置url
项目urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^', include('booktest002.urls')),
]
应用的urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index$', views.index),
]
3.错误视图
自定义404页
在settings.py中关闭调试模式
DEBUG = False
#ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
在应用templates下面新建一个404.html，django会自动调用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>404</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>404</h1>
<h2>{{ request_path }}</h2>
</body>
</html>
4.捕获url参数
位置参数
urls.py开启捕获参数
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index$', views.index),
url(r'^create$',views.create),
url(r'^delete(\d+)$',views.delete),//捕获参数
]
视图函数中第2个参数用来接受
def delete(request,index):
return HttpResponse(index)
关键字参数
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index$', views.index),
url(r'^create$',views.create),
#url(r'^delete(\d+)$',views.delete),
url(r'^delete(?P<index>\d+)$',views.delete)//关键字参数
]
视图函数中的参数名必须与urlpatterns中传的参数名一样
5.视图函数的request参数
request是HttpRequest类型的对象，包含浏览器请求的信息。
6.普通登录案例
request.POST 保存post方式提交的数据 QueryDict类型request.GET 保存get方式提交的数据 QueryDict类型
QueryDict类型
类似于字典，但其允许一个键对应多个值。
>>> from django.http.request import QueryDict
>>> q = QueryDict('a=1&b=2&c=3')
>>> q['a']
'1'
>>> q['b']
'2'
>>> q.get('c')
'3'
>>> q.get('d','default')
'default'
>>> q1 = QueryDict('a=1&a=3&a=3')
>>> q1['a']
'3'
>>> q1.getlist('a')
['1', '3', '3']
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
<style>
*{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.box{
width:100%;
height:100%;
text-align: center;
}
.inner_box{
width:300px;
height:200px;
background-color: grey;
margin:0 auto;
padding-top:50px;
}
.input{
width:200px;
height:30px;
line-height: 20px;
font-size: 16px;
display: block;
margin:0 auto;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.button{
width:200px;
height:30px;
font-size: 16px;
margin-top:20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="inner_box">
<form method="post" action="/login_check">
<input class="input" type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名">
<input class="input" type="password" name="password" placeholder="密码">
<input class="button" type="submit" value="登录" name="login" >
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
views.py
def login(request):
return render(request,'booktest002/login.html')
def login_check(request):
username = request.POST.get('username')
password = request.POST.get('password')
if(username=="admin" and password=="19990713"):
return redirect('/index')
else:
return redirect('/login')
urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^index$', views.index),
url(r'^create$',views.create),
#url(r'^delete(\d+)$',views.delete),
url(r'^delete(?P<index>\d+)$',views.delete),
url(r'^login$',views.login),
url(r'^login_check$',views.login_check),
]