GNU C Complier - GNU Compiler Collection - GCC

GNU 项目计划的主要目的是创建一个名叫 GNU’s Not Unix! (GNU) 的完全免费的操作系统。但是 GNU 在开发完全免费的操作系统上并未取得成功，直到 Linus Benedict Torvalds 开发了 Linux 操作系统，GNU 才算在免费操作系统上完成了任务。虽然 GNU 计划在开发免费操作系统上不成功，但是却成功开发著名的 GNU C Complier (GCC)。

GNU C Complier C 语言编译器执行效率高，它是*软件发展的基石与标杆。GNU 软件还包括 GNU emacs、GNU Debugger (GDB)、GNU Bash 以及大部分 Linux 系统的程序库和工具等。

GNU C Complier (GCC) 已由最初的 C 程序语言的编译器变成了 GNU Compiler Collection (GNU 编译器套件)，The GNU Compiler Collection includes front ends for C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Ada, Go, and D, as well as libraries for these languages (libstdc++,…).

GNU C Complier (GCC) 重新定义为 GNU Compiler Collection (GUN 编译器套件)。

GUN 编译器套件包含多种前端处理器，以翻译各种不同语言。GCC 是一种多目标 (multitarget) 编译器，它通过使用可互换的后端处理器，为多种不同的计算机架构生成相应的可执行程序。

GCC 可被用作交互式编译器，可以使用 GCC 对所有设备与操作系统创建可执行程序，不需要局限于仅仅是运行 GCC 的平台。可以使用命令行选项来控制编译器在翻译源代码时应该遵循何种 C 标准。当使用命令行参数 -std=c99 启动 GCC 时，编译器支持 C99 标准。GCC 对 C11 标准的支持是不完整的，尤其是涉及定义在头文件 threads.h 中的多线程函数。GCC 的 C 链接库长期以来支持 POSIX 标准下与 C11 标准非常相似的多线程功能。

平台是指特定计算机芯片及其运行的操作系统的组合。

Alpha (Alpha AXP) is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), designed to replace their 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer (CISC) ISA.

PA-RISC is an instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hewlett-Packard. As the name implies, it is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture, where the PA stands for Precision Architecture. The design is also referred to as HP/PA for Hewlett Packard Precision Architecture.

Hewlett-Packard：n. 惠普

SPARC (Scalable Processor Architecture) is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) originally developed by Sun Microsystems and Fujitsu.

PowerPC (Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC - Performance Computing, PPC) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple-IBM-Motorola alliance, known as AIM.

MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by MIPS Computer Systems, now MIPS Technologies, based in the United States.

ARM, previously Advanced RISC Machine, originally Acorn RISC Machine, is a family of reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors, configured for various environments.

macOS (/ˌmækoʊˈɛs/; previously Mac OS X and later OS X) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001.

The MacPorts Project is an open-source community initiative to design an easy-to-use system for compiling, installing, and upgrading either command-line, X11 or Aqua based open-source software on the Mac operating system.
MacPorts 项目是一个开源社区计划，旨在设计一个易于使用的系统，用于在 Mac 操作系统上编译、安装和升级命令行、X11 或基于 Aqua 的开源软件。
https://www.macports.org/

Homebrew - The missing package manager for macOS (or Linux)
https://brew.sh/

The Cygwin DLL currently works with all recent, commercially released x86 32 bit and 64 bit versions of Windows, starting with Windows Vista.
Cygwin DLL 目前适用于所有最近商业发布的 x86 32 位和 64 位版本的 Windows，从 Windows Vista 开始。
http://cygwin.org/

MinGW, a contraction of “Minimalist GNU for Windows”, is a minimalist development environment for native Microsoft Windows applications.
MinGW 是 Minimalist GNU for Windows 的缩写，是本机 Microsoft Windows 应用程序的极简主义开发环境。
http://www.mingw.org/

MinGW compilers provide access to the functionality of the Microsoft C runtime and some language-specific runtimes. MinGW, being Minimalist, does not, and never will, attempt to provide a POSIX runtime environment for POSIX application deployment on MS-Windows.
MinGW 编译器提供对 Microsoft C 运行时功能和某些特定于语言的运行时的访问。MinGW 是 Minimalist，它不会，也绝不会尝试为 MS-Windows 上的 POSIX 应用程序部署提供 POSIX 运行时环境。

References

http://c.biancheng.net/