tomcat启动流程分析

Tomcat架构图

Context:一个Context对应于一个Web Application，一个Web Application由一个或者多个Servlet组成，Context在创建的时候将根据配置文件CATALINA_HOME/conf/web.xml和$WEBAPP_HOME/WEB-INF/web.xml载入Servlet类，当Context获得请求时，将在自己的映射表(mapping table)中寻找相匹配的Servlet类，如果找到，则执行该类，获得请求的回应，并返回.

六个组件对应的类

组件	对应类
Connector	org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.java
Server	org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.java
Service	org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.java
Engine	org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.java
Host	org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.java
Context	org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.java

组件的生命周期

通过继承父类都间接实现了生命周期接口Lifecycle具体见源码…

Tomcat的启动流程

主方法

/**
    core code
**/
private static Bootstrap daemon = null;
public static void main(String args[]) {
     Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
     bootstrap.init();
     daemon = bootstrap;
     daemon.setAwait(true);
     daemon.load(args);
     daemon.start();
     if (null == daemon.getServer()) {
        System.exit(1);
     }
}

初始化Bootstrap

public void init() throws Exception {

        initClassLoaders();  // init classloaders

        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader); // save catalinaLoader 

        SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader); // load class under the catalina package

        // Load our startup class and call its process() method
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Loading startup class");
        Class<?> startupClass = catalinaLoader.loadClass("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina"); // load Catalina class
        Object startupInstance = startupClass.getConstructor().newInstance(); // create instance 

        // Set the shared extensions class loader
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Setting startup class properties");
        String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";
        Class<?> paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
        paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
        Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
        paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
        Method method =
            startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
        method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);
        // use reflect to call method named setParentClassLoader  in the Catalina class
        // setting sharedLoader as the parent-classloader of the catalinaLoader
        catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;

    }

实例化Server

在Bootstrap中调用load(args)方法实际上利用反射调用了Catalina类中的load()
// core code
public void load() { 
        InputSource inputSource = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        File file = null;
        try {
            try {
                file = configFile(); // D:\\tomcat\\apache-tomcat-8.5.43-src\\output\\build\\conf\\server.xml 
                inputStream = new FileInputStream(file); 
                inputSource = new InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail", file), e);
                }
            }
            try {
                inputSource.setByteStream(inputStream);
                digester.push(this);
                digester.parse(inputSource);
            } catch (SAXParseException spe) {
                log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " +
                        spe.getMessage());
                return;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " , e);
                return;
            }
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }

        getServer().setCatalina(this);
        getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());
        getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());

        // Stream redirection
        initStreams();

        // Start the new server
        try {
            getServer().init();
        } catch (LifecycleException e) {
            if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
                throw new java.lang.Error(e);
            } else {
                log.error("Catalina.start", e);
            }
        }

        long t2 = System.nanoTime();
        if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
            log.info("Initialization processed in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
        }
    }
    // 处理带有特殊命令行参数的程序
    public void load(String args[]) {

        try {
            if (arguments(args)) {
                load();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }
    }

启动Server

StandServer中并未提供start()实际上调用的是LifecycleBase（A）类中的start（)；其中又调用StandServer类中的startInternal（）来启动各个服务（Service）

 public final synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException {

        if (LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(state) || LifecycleState.STARTING.equals(state) ||
                LifecycleState.STARTED.equals(state)) {

            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                Exception e = new LifecycleException();
                log.debug(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString()), e);
            } else if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                log.info(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString()));
            }

            return;
        }

        if (state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
            init();
        } else if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) {
            stop();
        } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED) &&
                !state.equals(LifecycleState.STOPPED)) {
            invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT);
        }

        try {
            setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP, null, false);
            startInternal();
            if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) {
                // This is a 'controlled' failure. The component put itself into the
                // FAILED state so call stop() to complete the clean-up.
                stop();
            } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.STARTING)) {
                // Shouldn't be necessary but acts as a check that sub-classes are
                // doing what they are supposed to.
                invalidTransition(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT);
            } else {
                setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTED, null, false);
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            // This is an 'uncontrolled' failure so put the component into the
            // FAILED state and throw an exception.
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
            setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, null, false);
            throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.startFail", toString()), t);
        }
    }


    protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

            fireLifecycleEvent(CONFIGURE_START_EVENT, null);
            setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);

            globalNamingResources.start();

            // Start our defined Services
            synchronized (servicesLock) {
                for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
                    services[i].start();
                }
            }
        }

启动Service

StandService中并未提供start()实际上调用的是LifecycleBase（A）类中的start（)；其中又调用StandService类中的startInternal（）来启动各个服务（Service）

protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {

        super.initInternal();

        if (engine != null) {
            engine.init();
        }

        // Initialize any Executors
        for (Executor executor : findExecutors()) {
            if (executor instanceof JmxEnabled) {
                ((JmxEnabled) executor).setDomain(getDomain());
            }
            executor.init();
        }

        // Initialize mapper listener
        mapperListener.init();

        // Initialize our defined Connectors
        synchronized (connectorsLock) {
            for (Connector connector : connectors) {
                try {
                    connector.init();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    String message = sm.getString(
                            "standardService.connector.initFailed", connector);
                    log.error(message, e);

                    if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE"))
                        throw new LifecycleException(message);
                }
            }
        }
    }

启动Engine

protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

        // Start our subordinate components, if any
        logger = null;
        getLogger();
        Cluster cluster = getClusterInternal();
        if (cluster instanceof Lifecycle) {
            ((Lifecycle) cluster).start();
        }
        Realm realm = getRealmInternal();
        if (realm instanceof Lifecycle) {
            ((Lifecycle) realm).start();
        }

        // Start our child containers, if any
        Container children[] = findChildren();
        List<Future<Void>> results = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
            results.add(startStopExecutor.submit(new StartChild(children[i])));
        }

        MultiThrowable multiThrowable = null;

        for (Future<Void> result : results) {
            try {
                result.get();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                log.error(sm.getString("containerBase.threadedStartFailed"), e);
                if (multiThrowable == null) {
                    multiThrowable = new MultiThrowable();
                }
                multiThrowable.add(e);
            }

        }
        if (multiThrowable != null) {
            throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("containerBase.threadedStartFailed"),
                    multiThrowable.getThrowable());
        }

        // Start the Valves in our pipeline (including the basic), if any
        if (pipeline instanceof Lifecycle) {
            ((Lifecycle) pipeline).start();
        }


        setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);

        // Start our thread
        threadStart();
    }