kubernetes etcd备份与恢复
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2022-07-13 22:36:39
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ETCD简介
ETCD
用于共享和配置服务发现的分布式,一致性的KV存储系统。 ETCD是CoreOS公司发起的一个开源项目,授权协议为Apache。
ETCD使用场景
ETCD 有很多使用场景,包括但不限于:
- 配置管理
- 服务注册于发现
- 选主
- 应用调度
- 分布式队列
- 分布式锁
ETCD 存储 k8s 所有数据信息
ETCD 是k8s集群极为重要的一块服务,存储了集群所有的数据信息。同理,如果发生灾难或者 etcd 的数据丢失,都会影响集群数据的恢复。所以,本文重点讲如何备份和恢复数据。
ETCD 一些查询操作
查看集群状态
[[email protected] ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --endpoints="https://172.16.2.91:2379,https://172.16.2.92:2379,https://172.16.2.93:2379" endpoint health -w table
+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://172.16.2.91:2379 | true | 14.99871ms | |
| https://172.16.2.93:2379 | true | 15.118918ms | |
| https://172.16.2.92:2379 | true | 15.465182ms | |
+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
获取某个 key 信息
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --endpoints="https://172.16.2.91:2379,https://172.16.2.92:2379,https://172.16.2.93:2379" get /registry/apiregistration.k8s.io/apiservices/v1.apps
获取 etcd 版本信息
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --endpoints="https://172.16.2.91:2379,https://172.16.2.92:2379,https://172.16.2.93:2379" version
获取 ETCD 所有的 key
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --endpoints="https://172.16.2.91:2379,https://172.16.2.92:2379,https://172.16.2.93:2379" get / --prefix --keys-only
环境
主机 IP
k8s-master1 172.16.2.91
k8s-master2 172.16.2.92
k8s-master3 172.16.2.93
- ETCD version 3.4.9
- Kubernetes version v1.14.10 admin安装
备份
注意
:ETCD 不同的版本的 etcdctl 命令不一样,但大致差不多,本文备份使用 napshot save
, 每次备份一个节点
就行。
命令备份
(k8s-master1 机器上备份):
# mkdir /tmp/backup/etcd/ # 用于存放备份数据
# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --endpoints="https://172.16.2.91:2379" snapshot save /tmp/backup/etcd/etcd-snapshot-`date +%Y%m%d`.db
备份脚本
(k8s-master1 机器上备份):
#!/usr/bin/env bash
CACERT="/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt"
CERT="/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt"
EKY="/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key"
ENDPOINTS="172.16.2.91:2379"
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--cacert="${CACERT}" --cert="${CERT}" --key="${EKY}" \
--endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} \
snapshot save /tmp/backup/etcd/etcd-snapshot-`date +%Y%m%d`.db
# 备份保留30天
find /tmp/backup/etcd -name *.db -mtime +30 -exec rm -f {} \;
恢复
准备工作
停止所有 Master 上kube-apiserver
服务
$ systemctl stop kube-apiserver
# 确认 kube-apiserver 服务是否停止
$ ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver
停止集群中所有 ETCD 服务
systemctl stop etcd
移除所有 ETCD 存储目录下数据
mv /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd.bak
拷贝 ETCD 备份快照
# 从 k8s-master1 机器上拷贝备份
$ scp /tmp/backup/etcd/etcd-snapshot-20210610.db [email protected]:/tmp/backup/etcd/
$ scp /tmp/backup/etcd/etcd-snapshot-20210610.db [email protected]:/tmp/backup/etcd/
恢复备份
# k8s-master1 机器上操作
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore /tmp/backup/etcd/etcd-snapshot-20210610.db \
--name k8s-m1 \
--initial-cluster "k8s-m1=https://172.16.2.91:2380,k8s-m2=https://172.16.2.92:2380,k8s-m3=https://172.16.2.93:2380" \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://172.16.2.91:2380 \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
# k8s-master2 机器上操作
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore /tmp/backup/etcd/etcd-snapshot-20210610.db \
--name k8s-m2 \
--initial-cluster "k8s-m1=https://172.16.2.91:2380,k8s-m2=https://172.16.2.92:2380,k8s-m3=https://172.16.2.93:2380" \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://172.16.2.92:2380 \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
# k8s-master3 机器上操作
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore /tmp/backup/etcd/etcd-snapshot-20210610.db \
--name k8s-m3 \
--initial-cluster "k8s-m1=https://172.16.2.91:2380,k8s-m2=https://172.16.2.92:2380,k8s-m3=https://172.16.2.93:2380" \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://172.16.2.93:2380 \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
上面三台 ETCD 都恢复完成后,依次登陆三台机器启动 ETCD
$ systemctl start etcd
三台 ETCD 启动完成,检查 ETCD 集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --endpoints="https://172.16.2.91:2379,https://172.16.2.92:2379,https://172.16.2.93:2379" endpoint health -w table
三台 ETCD 全部健康,分别到每台 Master 启动 kube-apiserver
$ systemctl start kube-apiserver
检查 Kubernetes 集群是否恢复正常
$ kubectl get cs
总结
Kubernetes 集群备份主要是备份 ETCD 集群。而恢复时,主要考虑恢复整个顺序:
停止kube-apiserver --> 停止ETCD --> 恢复数据 --> 启动ETCD --> 启动kube-apiserve
注意
:备份ETCD集群时,只需要备份一个ETCD就行,恢复时,拿同一份备份数据恢复。
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