HttpClient的使用
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2022-07-13 12:55:45
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HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。
http的主要功能包括:
1. 实现了所有 HTTP 的方法(GET,POST,PUT,HEAD 等)
2. 支持自动转向
3. 支持 HTTPS 协议
4. 支持代理服务器等
使用 HttpClient 需要以下 6 个步骤:
1. 创建 HttpClient 的实例
2. 创建某种连接方法的实例,在这里是 GetMethod。在 GetMethod 的构造函数中传入待连接的地址
3. 调用第一步中创建好的实例的 execute 方法来执行第二步中创建好的 method 实例
4. 读 response
5. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接
6. 对得到后的内容进行处理
根据以上步骤,我们来编写用GET方法来取得某网页内容的代码。
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); |
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(http://www.ibm.com/); |
//设置成了默认的恢复策略,在发生异常时候将自动重试3次,在这里你也可以设置成自定义的恢复策略 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler()); //执行getMethod int statusCode = client.executeMethod(getMethod); if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { System.err.println("Method failed: " + getMethod.getStatusLine()); } //设置成了默认的恢复策略,在发生异常时候将自动重试3次,在这里你也可以设置成自定义的恢复策略 getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler()); //执行getMethod int statusCode = client.executeMethod(getMethod); if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { System.err.println("Method failed: " + getMethod.getStatusLine()); }
method.releaseConnection(); |
System.out.println(new String(responseBody)); |
完整的代码示例
public class FeedBackServiceImpl implements FeedBackService, InitializingBean { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FeedBackServiceImpl.class); private static final int CONNECTION_TIME_OUT = 1000; private static final int TIME_OUT = 2000; /** * 参数 */ private static final String PARAM_ID = "id"; private static final String PARAM_QUESTION_ID = "questionId"; private static final String PARAM_ANSWER = "answer"; private static final String PARAM_COOKIE_ID = "cookieId"; /** * 盖娅系统获取调查问卷的url */ private String feedBackQuestionaireUrl; /** * 盖娅系统保存用户反馈信息的url */ private String feedBackAnswerUrl; /** * 问卷类型与问卷id的映射 * * <pre> * 问卷类型,从前台传递过来。目前有两个取值:"1"表示进货单页面的问卷;"2"表示确认订单页面的问卷 * 问卷id,作为从盖娅系统中获取调查问卷的参数 * </pre> */ private Map<String, String> questionTypeToQuestionId = new HashMap<String, String>(); private HttpClient httpClient; public boolean addFeedBack(FeedBackModel feedBackModel) { if (feedBackModel == null) { return false; } boolean res = false; // 调用盖娅系统的接口,提交反馈 PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(feedBackAnswerUrl); postMethod.addParameter(PARAM_QUESTION_ID, feedBackModel.getQuestionId()); postMethod.addParameter(PARAM_ANSWER, feedBackModel.getAnswer()); postMethod.addParameter(PARAM_COOKIE_ID, feedBackModel.getCookieId()); try { int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod); if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("fail to add feedback, requestUrl="); sb.append(feedBackAnswerUrl).append(", parameter: ").append(feedBackModel.toString()).append(", HTTP StatusCode=").append(statusCode); log.error(sb.toString()); res = false; } else { res = true; } } catch (HttpException e) { log.error("HttpException occured when addFeedBack, requestUrl=" + feedBackAnswerUrl + ", parameter: " + feedBackModel.toString(), e); res = false; } catch (IOException e) { log.error("IOException occured when addFeedBack, requestUrl=" + feedBackAnswerUrl + ", parameter: " + feedBackModel.toString(), e); res = false; } finally { postMethod.releaseConnection(); postMethod = null; } return res; } public JSONObject getQuestionaire(String questionType) { String id = questionTypeToQuestionId.get(questionType); if (StringUtil.isBlank(id)) { return null; } // 调用盖娅系统的接口,获取调查问卷 GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(feedBackQuestionaireUrl); NameValuePair param = new NameValuePair(PARAM_ID, id); getMethod.setQueryString(new NameValuePair[]{param}); String responseText = null; try { // 执行getMethod int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod); if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("fail to getQuestionaire, requestUrl="); sb.append(feedBackQuestionaireUrl).append("?id=").append(id).append(", HTTP StatusCode=").append(statusCode); log.error(sb.toString()); return null; } // 读取内容 responseText = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(); } catch (HttpException e) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("HttpException occured when getQuestionaire, requestUrl="); sb.append(feedBackQuestionaireUrl).append("?id=").append(id); log.error(sb.toString(), e); return null; } catch (IOException e) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("IOException occured when getQuestionaire, requestUrl="); sb.append(feedBackQuestionaireUrl).append("?id=").append(id); log.error(sb.toString(), e); return null; } finally { getMethod.releaseConnection(); getMethod = null; } if (StringUtil.isBlank(responseText)) { return null; } // 从查询结果中解析出包含问卷的json字符串 int index = responseText.indexOf("="); if (index >= 0) { responseText = responseText.substring(index + 1); } try { JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromObject(responseText); return json; } catch (Exception e) { log.error("fail to change from String to JSONObject, string=" + responseText, e); return null; } } public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { HttpConnectionManager connectionManager = new MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager(); httpClient = new HttpClient(connectionManager); httpClient.setConnectionTimeout(CONNECTION_TIME_OUT); httpClient.setTimeout(TIME_OUT); }
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