python之迷宫小游戏
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2022-07-13 08:26:44
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迷宫小游戏
强烈推荐b站麦叔编程 （https://b23.tv/ZBqJSJ）讲的真的超好，容易理解。
而且理解基础代码后还可以自己稍加拓展。
我进行了简单的拓展，也可能存在bug，欢迎指正。
拓展一：共设置了5关，也可跟自己喜好随意设置多少关卡
拓展二：左上角显示当前关卡和游戏说明
拓展三：当玩家和恶魔相撞，提醒gameover，然后空格键重玩此关
效果图片
简单效果
吃金币
空格键刷新
回车键进入下一关
代码
代码中相关注释，保准大家一定能看懂
#1.创建游戏背景
import turtle as t
import random
# 创建窗口
mz = t.Screen()
# 设置长宽
mz.setup(700,700)
# 设置背景色
mz.bgcolor('black')
# 设置标题
mz.title('吃金币迷宫小游戏')
# 使用照片前先将照片注册
mz.register_shape('images/wall.gif')
mz.register_shape('images/pr.gif')
mz.register_shape('images/pl.gif')
mz.register_shape('images/gold.gif')
mz.register_shape('images/e.gif')
# 不用一步一步显示画面，最后一起显示，和mz.update()配合用
mz.tracer(0)
levels = []
# 第一关
# P：player; G:金币; E:恶魔;
level_1 = [
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXXP XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXX",
"XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX",
"XXXXXXXG XXX XXXXXG XXX",
"XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXX",
"XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XX",
"XX XX",
"XXXX XXXGXXXXX XX XXXXX",
"XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX",
"XXXXE XXXXX",
"XXXXX XX XXXXX XX XXXXX",
"XXXXXX XX XXXXX XX XXXXX",
"XXXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXXXX",
"XX XXXXXXXX",
"XX XXXXXXXXXXGXXXXXXXXX",
"XX XXXXX X",
"XXE XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXX X",
"XXXX X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
]
level_2 = [
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXXP XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXXXXX GXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXX",
"XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX",
"XXXXXXXG XXX XXXXXG XXX",
"XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXX",
"XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX EX",
"XX XX",
"XXXX XXXGXXXXX XX XXXXX",
"XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXGXXXXX",
"XXXXE XXXXX",
"XXXXX XX XXXXX XX XXXXX",
"XXXXXX XX XXXXX XX XXXXX",
"XXXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXXXX",
"XX XXXXXXXX",
"XX XXXXXXXXXXGXXXXXXXXX",
"XX XXXXX X",
"XXE XXXXXXXXGXXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXX X",
"XXXX X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
]
level_3 = [
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXXX XXX XXE XXXXX XXXX",
"XXX XXX X XXXXX XXXX",
"XXX XXX",
"XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX",
"XXXXX GXXXX XXXXXE XX",
"XXXX XXXXXP XXXXX XXX",
"XXXX GXX XX XXXXX XX",
"XX XX",
"XX X XXXX XX XXXX XXXXX",
"XXXX XXXXGXX XXX X XXX",
"XXXGX XX XXXXX",
"XXX XXX XXX X XX XXXXX",
"XXX XXXE XXX G XX XXXXX",
"XXX XXXX XXX X G XXXXX",
"XX XX XXXXX",
"XX X X XXXX XXXXX XXXXX",
"XX X X X",
"XX XXXGXXXX XXXX XXXXXX",
"XX XXXXXEXXXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXX X",
"XXXX X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
]
level_4 = [
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX",
"XXXE XXX XX PX XX XXX",
"XXX XXX XX XX XX XXXX",
"XXX XXXX",
"XXXXXXX XXXX XX XX XXXX",
"XXX GXXXX XX XXE XX",
"XG XXXXXXX XXXXX XXX",
"X X XXXXXX XXGXX XX",
"XX EX",
"XXXX XXXX XX XXXX XXXX",
"XXXX XXXXXXXGXXXXX XXXX",
"XXXXE XXXGXXXX",
"XXXX XXX XXX X XXX XXXX",
"XXX XXXX XXX X XXX XXXX",
"XG XXGX XXX X XXX XXXX",
"XX XXXX",
"XX XXXXXX X XEXXXX XXXX",
"XX XXXXX X",
"XX XGXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXX X",
"XXEX X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
]
level_5 = [
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
"XXX XXXXXE XX XXXXXXXX",
"XXXE XXX XXX XX XX PXX",
"XXX XXX XX XX XX XXXX",
"XXX GXXX",
"XXXXXXX XXXX XX XX XXXX",
"XXX GXXXXXXXX XXE XX",
"XG XXXXXXX XX XX XXX",
"X X XXXXXX XXGXX XX",
"XX EX",
"XXXX XXXX XX XXXX XX X",
"XXXX XXXXXXXGXXXXX XX X",
"XXXXE XXXGXXGX",
"XXXX XXX XXX X XXX XX X",
"XXX XXXX XXX E XXX XX X",
"XG XXGX XXX X XXX XX X",
"XX G X",
"XX XXXXXX X XEXXXX XXXX",
"XX XXXXX X",
"XX XGXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX",
"XX XXXXXX XXGX XXEXX",
"XX XX X X",
"XXEX X",
"XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
]
levels.append(level_1)
levels.append(level_2)
levels.append(level_3)
levels.append(level_4)
levels.append(level_5)
class Pen(t.Turtle):
# -----------画笔-------------
def __init__(self):
# 继承父类的属性
super().__init__()
# 先隐藏起来，隐秘进行运动
self.ht()
self.shape('images/wall.gif')
self.speed(0)
self.penup()
# -----------迷宫--------------
def make_maze(self):
level = levels[current_level - 1]
for i in range(len(level)):
# 取出某一行
row = level[i]
# 获取到某一元素的坐标
for j in range(len(row)):
screen_x = -288 + 24 * j
screen_y = 288 - 24 * i
char = row[j]
#如果元素为X，则画出迷宫
if char == 'X':
self.goto(screen_x,screen_y)
self.stamp()
walls.append((screen_x,screen_y))#元组
elif char == 'P':
player.goto(screen_x,screen_y)
player.st()
elif char == 'G':
gold = Gold()
golds.append(gold)
gold.goto(screen_x,screen_y)
gold.st()
elif char == 'E':
e = Evil()
evils.append(e)
e.goto(screen_x, screen_y)
e.st()
show_level('当前关卡：',current_level,'如想重玩此关，在进入下一关前按空格键即可！')
class Player(t.Turtle):
# -----------玩家-------------
def __init__(self):
# 继承父类的属性
super().__init__()
# 先隐藏起来，隐秘进行运动
self.ht()
self.shape('images/pr.gif')
self.speed(0)
self.penup()
# 右移
def go_right(self):
# print('going right')
go_x = self.xcor() + 24
go_y = self.ycor()
self.shape('images/pr.gif')
self.move(go_x, go_y)
# 左移
def go_left(self):
# print('going left')
go_x = self.xcor() - 24
go_y = self.ycor()
# 左移时通过更换图片来更换方向
self.shape('images/pl.gif')
self.move(go_x,go_y)
# 上移
def go_up(self):
# print('going up')
go_x = self.xcor()
go_y = self.ycor() + 24
self.move(go_x, go_y)
# 下移
def go_down(self):
# print('going down')
go_x = self.xcor()
go_y = self.ycor() - 24
self.move(go_x, go_y)
# 运动时的共同行为
def move(self, go_x, go_y):
if (go_x, go_y) not in walls:
self.goto(go_x, go_y)
# 边运动边查找是否金币
self.look_for_gold(go_x,go_y)
self.isgameover(go_x,go_y)
else:
print('撞墙了')
def look_for_gold(self,go_x,go_y):
global score
for g in golds:
# print('g--',g)
# 判断玩家和金币的距离
if g.distance(player) == 0:
score += 1
#当玩家和金币重叠时，将金币隐藏，并从golds数组中移除
g.ht()
golds.remove(g)
# 如果golds数组为空，则说明金币已全部吃完
if not golds:
print('金币全部吃完了')
success()
def isgameover(self,go_x,go_y):
for e in evils:
# print('e--',e)
if e.distance(player) ==0:
print('gameover')
fail()
class Gold(t.Turtle):
# -----------金币-------------
def __init__(self):
# 继承父类的属性
super().__init__()
# 先隐藏起来，隐秘进行运动
self.ht()
self.shape('images/gold.gif')
self.speed(0)
self.penup()
class Evil(t.Turtle):
# -----------恶魔-------------
def __init__(self):
# 继承父类的属性
super().__init__()
# 先隐藏起来，隐秘进行运动
self.ht()
self.shape('images/e.gif')
self.speed(0)
self.penup()
# 恶魔移动
def move(self):
# 调用turn给恶魔运动一个随机的方向
self.turn()
if self.fx == 'U':
go_x = self.xcor()
go_y = self.ycor() + 24
elif self.fx == 'D':
go_x = self.xcor()
go_y = self.ycor() - 24
elif self.fx == "L":
go_x = self.xcor() - 24
go_y = self.ycor()
elif self.fx == "R":
go_x = self.xcor() + 24
go_y = self.ycor()
# 避免恶魔撞墙
if (go_x, go_y) not in walls:
self.goto(go_x, go_y)
# 恶魔移动时间在100-300毫秒之间
t.ontimer(self.move, random.randint(100, 300))
# 恶魔转向
def turn(self):
# 跟随功能
if self.distance(player) < 48:
if self.xcor() < player.xcor():
self.fx = 'R'
elif self.xcor() > player.xcor():
self.fx = 'L'
elif self.ycor() < player.ycor():
self.fx = 'U'
elif self.ycor() > player.ycor():
self.fx = 'D'
else:
self.fx = random.choice(['U', 'D', 'L', 'R'])
# 进入下一关
# 默认当前级别为1
current_level = 1
# --------显示当前关卡----------
level_pen = t.Turtle()
level_pen1 = t.Turtle()
def show_level(title,current_level,msg):
# ---title---msg--
level_pen.ht()
level_pen.speed(0)
level_pen.penup()
level_pen.color('#fff')
level_pen.goto(-300,310)
level_pen.write(title,align='left',font=('Arial',20,'bold'))
level_pen.goto(-160, 310)
level_pen.write(msg, align='left', font=('Arial', 14, 'bold'))
# ----关卡数----level----
level_pen1.ht()
level_pen1.speed(0)
level_pen1.penup()
level_pen1.color('#FF4500')
level_pen1.goto(-200, 310)
level_pen1.write(current_level, align='left', font=('Arial', 30, 'bold'))
# --------通关---------------
def success():
# 如果已到最后一关，则提示您已通关
if(current_level == len(levels)):
print('您已全部过关')
show_success_msg('恭喜，您已全部过关!!','','按回车键重玩游戏')
# 否则进入下一关
else:
print('成功过关，按回车键进入下一关')
show_success_msg('恭喜，您成功通过关卡',current_level,'按回车键进入下一关')
# --------画笔-----通关消息------------
success_pen = t.Turtle()
def show_success_msg(title,current_level,msg):
success_pen.ht()
success_pen.speed(0)
success_pen.penup()
success_pen.goto(-100,-100)
# 填充色
success_pen.fillcolor('#BC8F8F')
# 开始填充
success_pen.begin_fill()
for i in range(4):
success_pen.fd(250)
success_pen.left(90)
# 结束填充
success_pen.end_fill()
success_pen.goto(-80,40)
success_pen.color('#fff')
success_pen.write(title,align='left',font=('Arial',20,'bold'))
success_pen.goto(120, 40)
success_pen.write(current_level, align='left', font=('Arial', 20, 'bold'))
success_pen.goto(-85,-40)
success_pen.write(msg, align='left', font=('Arial', 20, 'bold'))
# ------进入下一关---------
def next_level():
global current_level
# 只有当吃完金币进入下一关时，回车键才起作用
if not golds:
if current_level == len(levels):
current_level = 1
else:
current_level =current_level + 1
# 清除提示信息
success_pen.clear()
level_pen.clear()
level_pen1.clear()
fail_pen.clear()
# 隐藏并清空恶魔
for e in evils:
e.ht()
evils.clear()
# 清空砖块
walls.clear()
#清除迷宫的砖墙
pen.clear()
#重建迷宫
pen.make_maze()
# 设置定时器让恶魔移动
for e in evils:
t.ontimer(e.move, random.randint(100, 300))
# --------gameover---------------
def fail():
# print('gameover----')
show_fail_msg('gameover','按空格键重玩游戏')
# --------画笔-----gameover消息------------
fail_pen = t.Turtle()
def show_fail_msg(title,msg):
fail_pen.ht()
fail_pen.speed(0)
fail_pen.penup()
fail_pen.goto(-100,-100)
# 填充色
fail_pen.fillcolor('#BC8F8F')
# 开始填充
fail_pen.begin_fill()
for i in range(4):
fail_pen.fd(250)
fail_pen.left(90)
# 结束填充
fail_pen.end_fill()
fail_pen.goto(-80,40)
fail_pen.color('#fff')
fail_pen.write(title,align='left',font=('Arial',20,'bold'))
fail_pen.goto(-85,-40)
fail_pen.write(msg, align='left', font=('Arial', 20, 'bold'))
# ------gameover后重玩此关---------
def restart():
global current_level
current_level =current_level + 0
# 清除提示信息
fail_pen.clear()
level_pen.clear()
level_pen1.clear()
success_pen.clear()
# 隐藏并清空恶魔
for e in evils:
e.ht()
evils.clear()
# 清空砖块
walls.clear()
#清除迷宫的砖墙
pen.clear()
#重建迷宫
pen.make_maze()
# 设置定时器让恶魔移动
for e in evils:
t.ontimer(e.move, random.randint(100, 300))
score = 0
# 调用画笔类
pen = Pen()
# 调用玩家
player = Player()
evil = Evil()
# walls数组来存储墙的坐标
walls = []
# golds数组存储金币
golds = []
evils = []
# 根据不同的关卡绘制迷宫
pen.make_maze()
# 根据键盘移动
mz.listen()
mz.onkey(player.go_right, 'Right')
mz.onkey(player.go_left, 'Left')
mz.onkey(player.go_up, 'Up')
mz.onkey(player.go_down, 'Down')
mz.onkey(next_level, 'Return')#回车键
mz.onkey(restart, 'space')#空格键
# 设置闹钟让恶魔移动
for e in evils:
t.ontimer(e.move,random.randint(100,300))
while True:
mz.update()
# 提醒窗口不要退出
mz.mainloop()
image
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