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java 读写锁详解

程序员文章站 2022-07-12 22:18:03
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详见: http://blog.yemou.net/article/query/info/tytfjhfascvhzxcyt124

 

在java多线程中,为了提高效率有些共享资源允许同时进行多个读的操作,但只允许一个写的操作,比如一个文件,只要其内容不变可以让多个线程同时读,不必做排他的锁定,排他的锁定只有在写的时候需要,以保证别的线程不会看到数据不完整的文件。

   下面是个关于多线程读写锁的例子,我稍微做了下修改,蛮容易理解的,来至于http://www.highya.com/redirect.php?fid=113&tid=7180&goto=nextoldset

这里模拟了这样一个场景: 在ReadWriteLockOperator对象里设置一个共享资源 shareResources 。
有3个读者(A, B, C)一直连续的从 shareResources 获取信息, 然后输出到控制台 ;有一个作者每隔60秒往shareResources 加入信息, 加信息的过程相对耗时, 在这段时间, 任何读者都不能访问 shareResources。
  写了4个类来验证这种情况,只在windows下做了测试。
  ReadTask.java       读任务
  WriteTask.java      写任务
  ReadWriteLockLogic.java     读写操作的逻辑
  ReadWriteLockTest.java      带有main方法的测试类

---------------------------------------混哥线-----------------------------------------------    

public class ReadTask extends Thread {
  //logic bean
  private ReadWriteLockLogic readWriteLockOperator;

  //读者
  private String reader;
  public ReadTask(ReadWriteLockLogic readWriteLockOperator, String reader) {
    this.readWriteLockOperator = readWriteLockOperator;
    this.reader = reader;
  }

  private ReadTask(){}
  // 执行任务
  public void run() {
    if(this.readWriteLockOperator != null){
      try {
        while(!isInterrupted()){
          Thread.sleep(200);
          System.out.println(reader + " read:" + Thread.currentThread().toString() + " : " + this.readWriteLockOperator.read());
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        // TODO: handle exception
      }
    }
  }
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

public class WriteTask  extends Thread{
  //logic bean
  private ReadWriteLockLogic readWriteLockOperator;

  //作者
  private String writer;

  public WriteTask(ReadWriteLockLogic readWriteLockOperator, String writer) {
    this.readWriteLockOperator = readWriteLockOperator;
    this.writer = writer;
  }

  private WriteTask(){}
  // 一个很耗时的写任务
  public void run() {
    try {
      while(!isInterrupted()){
        Thread.sleep(100);
        this.readWriteLockOperator.write(this.writer, "hehehhe");
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // TODO: handle exception
    }
  }
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
//读写操作的逻辑
public class ReadWriteLockLogic {
  // 初始化一个 ReadWriteLock
  private ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

  //共享资源
  private List<String> shareResources = new ArrayList<String>(0);

  //读
  public String read() {
    // 得到 readLock 并锁定
    Lock readLock = lock.readLock();
    readLock.lock();
    try {
      // 读相对省时,做空循环 大约0.5second
      for(int i=0 ;i<2500000; i++){
        System.out.print("");
      }
      // 做读的工作
      StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
      for (String shareResource : shareResources) {
        buffer.append(shareResource);
        buffer.append("\t");      
      }
      return buffer.toString();
    } finally {
      readLock.unlock();//一定要保证锁的释放
    }
  }
  //写
  public void write(String writer, String content) {
    // 得到 writeLock 并锁定
    Lock writeLock = lock.writeLock();
    writeLock.lock();
    try {
      System.out.println(writer + " write ===" + Thread.currentThread().toString());
      // 写比较费时,所以做空循环 大约13second
      for(int i=0 ;i<10000000; i++){
        System.out.print("");
        System.out.print("");
      }
    
      // 做写的工作
      int count = shareResources.size();
      for (int i=count; i < count + 1; i++) {
        shareResources.add(content + "_" + i);
      }
    } finally {
      writeLock.unlock();//一定要保证锁的释放
    }
  }
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ReadWriteLockTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    //1 创建一个具有排程功能的线程池
    ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
    //2 读写锁的logic bean
    ReadWriteLockLogic lockOperator = new ReadWriteLockLogic();
    //3 生成一个可执行任务(该任务执行完毕可以返回结果 或者 抛出异常;而Runnable接口的run方法则不行)
    Runnable writeTask1 = new WriteTask(lockOperator, "作者A");
    //4 延时0秒后每2秒重复执行writeTask1;
    service.scheduleAtFixedRate(writeTask1, 0, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    //5 创建3个读任务
    Runnable readTask1 = new WriteTask(lockOperator, "作者B");
    Runnable readTask2 = new ReadTask(lockOperator, "读者B");
    Runnable readTask3 = new ReadTask(lockOperator, "读者C");
    //6 延时0秒后每秒执行一次task1;
    service.scheduleAtFixedRate(readTask1, 1, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    service.scheduleAtFixedRate(readTask2, 2, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    service.scheduleAtFixedRate(readTask3, 3, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  
  }
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

作者A write ===Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]
作者B write ===Thread[pool-1-thread-4,5,main]
读者C read:Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main] : hehehhe_0 hehehhe_1 
读者B read:Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main] : hehehhe_0 hehehhe_1

作者A write ===Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]

................

通过观察控制台,可以看到作者a出现后,大约5秒作者b才会出现,而又过了5秒后,读者c和读者b同时会出现,接着5秒后,作者a又出现了。这说明了,读锁之间没有排斥,可以多线程持有并且排斥WriteLock的持有线程。而WriteLock是全部排斥的,是独占的,比较独!

 

下面是附赠的读写锁的小知识,来至http://www.txdnet.cn/essay/view.jsp?tid=1288670091703&cid=2

(a).重入方面其内部的WriteLock可以获取ReadLock,但是反过来ReadLock想要获得WriteLock则永远都不要想.

(b).WriteLock可以降级为ReadLock,顺序是:先获得WriteLock再获得ReadLock,然后释放WriteLock,这时候线程将保持Readlock的持有.反过来ReadLock想要升级为WriteLock则不可能,为什么?参看(a),呵呵.

(c).ReadLock可以被多个线程持有并且在作用时排斥任何的WriteLock,而WriteLock则是完全的互斥.这一特性最为重要,因为对于高读取频率而相对较低写入的数据结构,使用此类锁同步机制则可以提高并发量.

(d).不管是ReadLock还是WriteLock都支持Interrupt,语义与ReentrantLock一致.

(e).WriteLock支持Condition并且与ReentrantLock语义一致,而ReadLock则不能使用Condition,否则抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常.