matplotlib学习笔记（代码）

"""
折线图：
绘制10点到12点的气温的折线图
x轴为带中文的时间
y轴为气温
"""



from  matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import font_manager
from pylab import mpl,text
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
import random

"""
因为matplotlib默认不显示中文字体，需更改其字体，现有两种方法
"""

"""
#方法1
font = {'family': 'Times New Roman',
        'weight': 'normal',
        'size': '13'}
matplotlib.rc('font',**font) #按ctrl+B键到1172行到1176行代码了解
#又或者
#matplotlib.rc("font",family = 'monospace',weight= 'bold,',size= '13')
"""
#方法2
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname ="C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")

x = range(120)
y_1 = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]
y_2 = [random.randint(22,32) for i in range(120)]
#随机产生120个在20到35之间的数字
#print(y)

plt.figure(figsize=(25,9),dpi=100)
plt.plot(x,y_1,label = "北京",color = 'r',linestyle = '-',linewidth = 1,alpha = 0.8)
plt.plot(x,y_2,label = "上海",color = 'g',linestyle = '-',linewidth = 1,alpha = 0.8)

#设置x轴的刻度，使其能显示中文

_x = list(x)[::3]
#[::3]取步长为3


_xticks_labels = ["10点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
#['10点0分', '10点1分', ... , '10点58分', '10点59分']
print(_xticks_labels)


_xticks_labels += ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
#['10点0分', '10点1分', ... , '10点58分', '10点59分', '11点0分', '11点1分', ... ,'11点58分', '11点59分']
print(_xticks_labels)

#plt.xticks(_x,_xticks_labels[::3],rotation = 45)
plt.xticks(_x,_xticks_labels[::3],rotation = 45,fontproperties = my_font)
"""  方法2 """


#_x为中文在刻度上的位置，而_xticks_labels为对应刻度位置上的内容
# rotation参数是内容的旋转的角度（因为中文的内容太大，会由重叠）




#设置x轴的名称
#plt.xlabel("时间")
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties = my_font)

#设置y轴的名称
#plt.ylabel("温度 单位(‘C)")
plt.ylabel("温度 单位(‘C)",fontproperties = my_font)

#设置折线图的名称
plt.title("温度折线图",fontproperties = my_font)

#绘制网格
plt.grid(alpha = 0.8)
#网格刻度对应于x,y轴的刻度，参数alpha是调节网格的透明度的，1是完全不透明到0

#添加图例
plt.legend(prop = my_font,loc = 'upper left')
#要显示中文，添加参数prop = my_font,参数loc可以设置图里的位置，如左上(upper left)，右上(upper right)



plt.show()

"""
散点图：
绘制3月分与10月分的气温的散点图
x轴为带中文的时间
y轴为气温
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

#设置字体
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname ="C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc") #设置字体为宋体

y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 =[26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

x_3 = range(1,32)
x_10 = range(51,82)

#设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi = 80)

#绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label = "3月分")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label = "10月分")

#调整x轴刻度
_x = list(x_3) + list(x_10)
_xticks_label = ["3月{}号".format(i) for i in range(1,32)]
_xticks_label+= ["10月{}号".format(i-50) for i in range(51,82)]
plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xticks_label[::3],fontproperties = my_font,rotation = 45)

#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度",fontproperties =my_font)
plt.title("标题",fontproperties = my_font)

#添加图例
plt.legend(prop = my_font,loc = 'upper left')
#展示
plt.show()

"""
竖状条形图：
绘制电影与其票房的条形图
x轴为电影名称
y轴为票房
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from  matplotlib import font_manager
#设置字体
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname= "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")

x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：\n最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5:\n死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：\n终极回归","生化危机6：\n终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：\n殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：\n英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
y = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]#单位亿

#设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi = 80)

#设置x轴
plt.xticks(range(len(x)),x,fontproperties = my_font,rotation = 45)

#绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(x)),y)

#添加描绘信息
plt.xlabel("电影名称",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("电影票房",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.title("标签",fontproperties = my_font)

plt.show()

"""
横状条形图：
绘制电影与其票房的条形图
x轴为票房
y轴为电影名称
"""

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from  matplotlib import font_manager
#设置字体
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname= "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")
x = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]#单位亿
y = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5:死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]

#设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi = 80)

#设置x轴
plt.yticks(range(len(y)),y,fontproperties = my_font)
plt.xticks(range(1,int(max(x)+2)))
#绘制条形图
plt.barh(range(len(y)),x,height=0.5,color = 'orange')
#横状条形图的柱的宽度由参数height来调节，而不是width
# 若在给参数width赋值会报错，可以按cltr+B查看，第二个参数就是width，即是这里的x
#再给width赋值会造成二次赋值的错误

#添加描绘信息
plt.xlabel("电影票房",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("电影名称",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.title("标签",fontproperties = my_font)

#添加网格
plt.grid()

plt.show()

"""
多重柱状图：
假设你知道了列表a中电影分别在
2017-09-14(b_14),
2017-09-15(b_15),
 2017-09-16(b_16)
 三天的票房,为了展示列表中电影本身的票房以及同其他电影的数据对比情况,
 应该如何更加直观的呈现该数据?

a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
"""

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")

x = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
y_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
y_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
y_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

#调整图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

#调整x轴
plt.xticks(range(len(x)),x,fontproperties = my_font)



#调整个直方图之间的距离及位置，不然直方图会发生重叠
x_14 = list(range(len(x)))
x_15 = [i+0.2 for i in x_14]    #加的是width的值
x_16 = [i+0.4 for i in x_14]
#画直方图
plt.bar(x_14,y_14,width = 0.2,color = 'orange',label = "2017-09-14")
plt.bar(x_15,y_15,width = 0.2,color = 'r',label = "2017-09-15")
plt.bar(x_16,y_16,width = 0.2,color = 'g',label = " 2017-09-16")

#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("电影名称",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("票房",fontproperties = my_font)

#添加图例
plt.legend(loc = 'upper right')

#添加表格
plt.grid()

plt.show()

"""
直方图：
假设你获取了250部电影的时长(列表a中),希望统计出这些电影时长的分布状态
(比如时长为100分钟到120分钟电影的数量,出现的频率)等信息,你应该如何呈现
这些数据?
a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

"""

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname= "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")

a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

"""
组数：将数据分组，当数据在100个以内时，通常将数据分为12个组
组距：指每个小组的两个端点的剧
组数 = 极差/组距 = (max(x)-min(x))/bin_width   组距由自己设定，最好能被极差整除
"""
#计算组数
d = 6 #组距
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d   #组数

#设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

#设置x轴刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))    #由最小到最大，每隔d设置一刻度

#设置网格
plt.grid()


#画出直方图
plt.hist(a,num_bins,normed= True,color='orange')
#a为数据，num_bins为组数，normed为是否画成频率直方图，是为True

#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("电影时长",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("电影频率",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.title("标签",fontproperties = my_font)

plt.show()