lucene搜索结果排序之Payload

提高特定词汇的评分

利用 Payload 功能，可以提高文档中特定词汇的评分，如黑体词汇、斜体词汇等，从而优化搜索结果排序。

下面还以文档 D0 和 D1 为例说明如何设置和检索 Payload。其中GPRS为专业术语，但search “GPRS描述”的时候，返回的D1的得分比D0高。但这不是我们想要的结果，我们可能想要D0得分高一些，这时可在incrementToken中，自定义词的权重（例如术语权重高些），然后在重写Similarity，自定义score。

D0 = "GPRS的问题"
D1 = "问题描述"
Step1：在 Analyzer 处理过程中，为特殊词汇添加评分 Payload

ICTCLASTokenizer.java 
/**
     * @see org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenStream#incrementToken()
     */
    @Override
    public boolean incrementToken() throws IOException {
        clearAttributes();

        Word lexeme = segmentation.next();
        if (lexeme == null)
            return false;

        termAttr.setTermBuffer(lexeme.getText());
        offsetAttr.setOffset(lexeme.getStartPosition(), lexeme.getEndPosition());

        /*
         * 有词性，就存进payload
         */
        String payloadText = "";
        if (needPOSTagged && !StringUtils.isEmpty(lexeme.getPartOfSpeech()))
            payloadText = lexeme.getPartOfSpeech();

        /*
         * 该词为指定关键字或者术语，就存进payload
         */
        float keyweight = gmccKeyWordDeal.doDeal(lexeme.getText());
        if(keyweight > 0)
            payloadText = payloadText + "_" + keyweight;

        if(!payloadText.equals(""))
            payloadAttr.setPayload(new Payload(payloadText.getBytes()));

        finalOffset = lexeme.getEndPosition();

        return true;
    }

Step2：重写 Similarity （主要负责排名和评分）

BwSimilarity.java

public class BwSimilarity extends DefaultSimilarity {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8049061435299914513L;

    public BwSimilarity() {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public float scorePayload(int docId, String fieldName, int start, int end,
            byte[] payload, int offset, int length) {

        String payloadStr = "";
        try {
            payloadStr = new String(payload, "UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 1;
        }

        // 获取设定的keyweight，默认为1
        String kwStr = "1";
        int kwIndex = payloadStr.indexOf("_");
        if(kwIndex != -1)
            kwStr = payloadStr.substring(kwIndex + 1);

        return Float.parseFloat(kwStr);
    }

    @Override
    public float coord(int overlap, int maxOverlap) {
        float overlap2 = (float)Math.pow(2, overlap);
        float maxOverlap2 = (float)Math.pow(2, maxOverlap);
        return (overlap2 / maxOverlap2);
    }

}

Step3：使用重写的 boostingSimilarity 进行检索

PayloadTermQuery ptq = new PayloadTermQuery(new Term(field, term),new AveragePayloadFunction());

Searcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(…);
Searcher.setSimilarity(boostingSimilarity);
…
ScoreDoc[] hits = searcher.search(ptq , hitsPerPage).scoreDocs;

相关链接：

Lucene Payload 的研究与应用：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-cn-lucene-pl/index.html