nginx模块开发(三)upstream模块
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2022-07-08 16:42:34
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使用nginx-1.13.4版本
三个文件ngx_http_mytest_module.c ,nginx.conf,config
注意两个细节《nginx模块开发》中到错误:
这样要加上,指定后端到端口
这是upstream后转发的地址
index.html是一个能访问到的地址用来测试
为了测试,
http://192.168.140.11:8080/test?q=haha
看是否能提到这个自定义服务器
三个文件如下:
ngx_http_mytest_module.c
nginx.conf
config
三个文件ngx_http_mytest_module.c ,nginx.conf,config
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=/opt/nginx/code/chapter5/upstream --with-debug make make install
注意两个细节《nginx模块开发》中到错误:
u->resolved->port = htons((in_port_t)80);
这样要加上,指定后端到端口
static ngx_str_t backendQueryLine = ngx_string("GET /index.html?q=%V HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.baidu.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
这是upstream后转发的地址
index.html是一个能访问到的地址用来测试
为了测试,
http://192.168.140.11:8080/test?q=haha
看是否能提到这个自定义服务器
三个文件如下:
ngx_http_mytest_module.c
[root@haohao upstream]# cat ngx_http_mytest_module.c #include <ngx_config.h> #include <ngx_core.h> #include <ngx_http.h> typedef struct { ngx_http_status_t status; ngx_str_t backendServer; } ngx_http_mytest_ctx_t; typedef struct { ngx_http_upstream_conf_t upstream; } ngx_http_mytest_conf_t; static char * ngx_http_mytest(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf); static ngx_int_t ngx_http_mytest_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r); static void* ngx_http_mytest_create_loc_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf); static char *ngx_http_mytest_merge_loc_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf, void *parent, void *child); static ngx_int_t mytest_upstream_process_header(ngx_http_request_t *r); static ngx_int_t mytest_process_status_line(ngx_http_request_t *r); static ngx_str_t ngx_http_proxy_hide_headers[] = { ngx_string("Date"), ngx_string("Server"), ngx_string("X-Pad"), ngx_string("X-Accel-Expires"), ngx_string("X-Accel-Redirect"), ngx_string("X-Accel-Limit-Rate"), ngx_string("X-Accel-Buffering"), ngx_string("X-Accel-Charset"), ngx_null_string }; static ngx_command_t ngx_http_mytest_commands[] = { { ngx_string("mytest"), NGX_HTTP_MAIN_CONF | NGX_HTTP_SRV_CONF | NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF | NGX_HTTP_LMT_CONF | NGX_CONF_NOARGS, ngx_http_mytest, NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF_OFFSET, 0, NULL }, ngx_null_command }; static ngx_http_module_t ngx_http_mytest_module_ctx = { NULL, /* preconfiguration */ NULL, /* postconfiguration */ NULL, /* create main configuration */ NULL, /* init main configuration */ NULL, /* create server configuration */ NULL, /* merge server configuration */ ngx_http_mytest_create_loc_conf, /* create location configuration */ ngx_http_mytest_merge_loc_conf /* merge location configuration */ }; ngx_module_t ngx_http_mytest_module = { NGX_MODULE_V1, &ngx_http_mytest_module_ctx, /* module context */ ngx_http_mytest_commands, /* module directives */ NGX_HTTP_MODULE, /* module type */ NULL, /* init master */ NULL, /* init module */ NULL, /* init process */ NULL, /* init thread */ NULL, /* exit thread */ NULL, /* exit process */ NULL, /* exit master */ NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING }; static void* ngx_http_mytest_create_loc_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf) { ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *mycf; mycf = (ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *)ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_mytest_conf_t)); if (mycf == NULL) { return NULL; } //以下简单的硬编码ngx_http_upstream_conf_t结构中的各成员,例如 //超时时间都设为1分钟。这也是http反向代理模块的默认值 mycf->upstream.connect_timeout = 60000; mycf->upstream.send_timeout = 60000; mycf->upstream.read_timeout = 60000; mycf->upstream.store_access = 0600; //实际上buffering已经决定了将以固定大小的内存作为缓冲区来转发上游的 //响应包体,这块固定缓冲区的大小就是buffer_size。如果buffering为1 //就会使用更多的内存缓存来不及发往下游的响应,例如最多使用bufs.num个 //缓冲区、每个缓冲区大小为bufs.size,另外还会使用临时文件,临时文件的 //最大长度为max_temp_file_size mycf->upstream.buffering = 0; mycf->upstream.bufs.num = 8; mycf->upstream.bufs.size = ngx_pagesize; mycf->upstream.buffer_size = ngx_pagesize; mycf->upstream.busy_buffers_size = 2 * ngx_pagesize; mycf->upstream.temp_file_write_size = 2 * ngx_pagesize; mycf->upstream.max_temp_file_size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024; //upstream模块要求hide_headers成员必须要初始化(upstream在解析 //完上游服务器返回的包头时,会调用 //ngx_http_upstream_process_headers方法按照hide_headers成员将 //本应转发给下游的一些http头部隐藏),这里将它赋为 //NGX_CONF_UNSET_PTR ,是为了在merge合并配置项方法中使用 //upstream模块提供的ngx_http_upstream_hide_headers_hash //方法初始化hide_headers 成员 mycf->upstream.hide_headers = NGX_CONF_UNSET_PTR; mycf->upstream.pass_headers = NGX_CONF_UNSET_PTR; return mycf; } static char *ngx_http_mytest_merge_loc_conf(ngx_conf_t *cf, void *parent, void *child) { ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *prev = (ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *)parent; ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *conf = (ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *)child; ngx_hash_init_t hash; hash.max_size = 100; hash.bucket_size = 1024; hash.name = "proxy_headers_hash"; if (ngx_http_upstream_hide_headers_hash(cf, &conf->upstream, &prev->upstream, ngx_http_proxy_hide_headers, &hash) != NGX_OK) { return NGX_CONF_ERROR; } return NGX_CONF_OK; } static ngx_int_t mytest_upstream_create_request(ngx_http_request_t *r) { //发往google上游服务器的请求很简单,就是模仿正常的搜索请求, //以/search?q=…的URL来发起搜索请求。backendQueryLine中的%V等转化 //格式的用法,请参见4.4节中的表4-7 static ngx_str_t backendQueryLine = ngx_string("GET /index.html?q=%V HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.baidu.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"); ngx_int_t queryLineLen = backendQueryLine.len + r->args.len - 2; //必须由内存池中申请内存,这有两点好处:在网络情况不佳的情况下,向上游 //服务器发送请求时,可能需要epoll多次调度send发送才能完成, //这时必须保证这段内存不会被释放;请求结束时,这段内存会被自动释放, //降低内存泄漏的可能 ngx_buf_t* b = ngx_create_temp_buf(r->pool, queryLineLen); if (b == NULL) return NGX_ERROR; //last要指向请求的末尾 b->last = b->pos + queryLineLen; //作用相当于snprintf,只是它支持4.4节中的表4-7列出的所有转换格式 ngx_snprintf(b->pos, queryLineLen , (char*)backendQueryLine.data, &r->args); // r->upstream->request_bufs是一个ngx_chain_t结构,它包含着要 //发送给上游服务器的请求 r->upstream->request_bufs = ngx_alloc_chain_link(r->pool);//haohao if (r->upstream->request_bufs == NULL) return NGX_ERROR; // request_bufs这里只包含1个ngx_buf_t缓冲区 r->upstream->request_bufs->buf = b; r->upstream->request_bufs->next = NULL; r->upstream->request_sent = 0; r->upstream->header_sent = 0; // header_hash不可以为0 r->header_hash = 1; return NGX_OK; } static ngx_int_t mytest_process_status_line(ngx_http_request_t *r) { size_t len; ngx_int_t rc; ngx_http_upstream_t *u; //上下文中才会保存多次解析http响应行的状态,首先取出请求的上下文 ngx_http_mytest_ctx_t* ctx = ngx_http_get_module_ctx(r, ngx_http_mytest_module); if (ctx == NULL) { return NGX_ERROR; } u = r->upstream; //http框架提供的ngx_http_parse_status_line方法可以解析http //响应行,它的输入就是收到的字符流和上下文中的ngx_http_status_t结构 rc = ngx_http_parse_status_line(r, &u->buffer, &ctx->status); //返回NGX_AGAIN表示还没有解析出完整的http响应行,需要接收更多的 //字符流再来解析 if (rc == NGX_AGAIN) { return rc; } //返回NGX_ERROR则没有接收到合法的http响应行 if (rc == NGX_ERROR) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ERR, r->connection->log, 0, "upstream sent no valid HTTP/1.0 header haoning eiyouwei"); r->http_version = NGX_HTTP_VERSION_9; u->state->status = NGX_HTTP_OK; return NGX_OK; } //以下表示解析到完整的http响应行,这时会做一些简单的赋值操作,将解析出 //的信息设置到r->upstream->headers_in结构体中,upstream解析完所 //有的包头时,就会把headers_in中的成员设置到将要向下游发送的 //r->headers_out结构体中,也就是说,现在我们向headers_in中设置的 //信息,最终都会发往下游客户端。为什么不是直接设置r->headers_out而要 //这样多此一举呢?这是因为upstream希望能够按照 //ngx_http_upstream_conf_t配置结构体中的hide_headers等成员对 //发往下游的响应头部做统一处理 if (u->state) { u->state->status = ctx->status.code; } u->headers_in.status_n = ctx->status.code; len = ctx->status.end - ctx->status.start; u->headers_in.status_line.len = len; u->headers_in.status_line.data = ngx_pnalloc(r->pool, len); if (u->headers_in.status_line.data == NULL) { return NGX_ERROR; } ngx_memcpy(u->headers_in.status_line.data, ctx->status.start, len); //下一步将开始解析http头部,设置process_header回调方法为 //mytest_upstream_process_header, //之后再收到的新字符流将由mytest_upstream_process_header解析 u->process_header = mytest_upstream_process_header; //如果本次收到的字符流除了http响应行外,还有多余的字符, //将由mytest_upstream_process_header方法解析 return mytest_upstream_process_header(r); } static ngx_int_t mytest_upstream_process_header(ngx_http_request_t *r) { ngx_int_t rc; ngx_table_elt_t *h; ngx_http_upstream_header_t *hh; ngx_http_upstream_main_conf_t *umcf; //这里将upstream模块配置项ngx_http_upstream_main_conf_t取了 //出来,目的只有1个,对将要转发给下游客户端的http响应头部作统一 //处理。该结构体中存储了需要做统一处理的http头部名称和回调方法 umcf = ngx_http_get_module_main_conf(r, ngx_http_upstream_module); //循环的解析所有的http头部 for ( ;; ) { // http框架提供了基础性的ngx_http_parse_header_line //方法,它用于解析http头部 rc = ngx_http_parse_header_line(r, &r->upstream->buffer, 1); //返回NGX_OK表示解析出一行http头部 if (rc == NGX_OK) { //向headers_in.headers这个ngx_list_t链表中添加http头部 h = ngx_list_push(&r->upstream->headers_in.headers); if (h == NULL) { return NGX_ERROR; } //以下开始构造刚刚添加到headers链表中的http头部 h->hash = r->header_hash; h->key.len = r->header_name_end - r->header_name_start; h->value.len = r->header_end - r->header_start; //必须由内存池中分配存放http头部的内存 h->key.data = ngx_pnalloc(r->pool, h->key.len + 1 + h->value.len + 1 + h->key.len); if (h->key.data == NULL) { return NGX_ERROR; } h->value.data = h->key.data + h->key.len + 1; h->lowcase_key = h->key.data + h->key.len + 1 + h->value.len + 1; ngx_memcpy(h->key.data, r->header_name_start, h->key.len); h->key.data[h->key.len] = '\0'; ngx_memcpy(h->value.data, r->header_start, h->value.len); h->value.data[h->value.len] = '\0'; if (h->key.len == r->lowcase_index) { ngx_memcpy(h->lowcase_key, r->lowcase_header, h->key.len); } else { ngx_strlow(h->lowcase_key, h->key.data, h->key.len); } //upstream模块会对一些http头部做特殊处理 hh = ngx_hash_find(&umcf->headers_in_hash, h->hash, h->lowcase_key, h->key.len); if (hh && hh->handler(r, h, hh->offset) != NGX_OK) { return NGX_ERROR; } continue; } //返回NGX_HTTP_PARSE_HEADER_DONE表示响应中所有的http头部都解析 //完毕,接下来再接收到的都将是http包体 if (rc == NGX_HTTP_PARSE_HEADER_DONE) { //如果之前解析http头部时没有发现server和date头部,以下会 //根据http协议添加这两个头部 if (r->upstream->headers_in.server == NULL) { h = ngx_list_push(&r->upstream->headers_in.headers); if (h == NULL) { return NGX_ERROR; } h->hash = ngx_hash(ngx_hash(ngx_hash(ngx_hash( ngx_hash('s', 'e'), 'r'), 'v'), 'e'), 'r'); ngx_str_set(&h->key, "Server"); ngx_str_null(&h->value); h->lowcase_key = (u_char *) "server"; } if (r->upstream->headers_in.date == NULL) { h = ngx_list_push(&r->upstream->headers_in.headers); if (h == NULL) { return NGX_ERROR; } h->hash = ngx_hash(ngx_hash(ngx_hash('d', 'a'), 't'), 'e'); ngx_str_set(&h->key, "Date"); ngx_str_null(&h->value); h->lowcase_key = (u_char *) "date"; } return NGX_OK; } //如果返回NGX_AGAIN则表示状态机还没有解析到完整的http头部, //要求upstream模块继续接收新的字符流再交由process_header //回调方法解析 if (rc == NGX_AGAIN) { return NGX_AGAIN; } //其他返回值都是非法的 ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ERR, r->connection->log, 0, "upstream sent invalid header"); return NGX_HTTP_UPSTREAM_INVALID_HEADER; } } static void mytest_upstream_finalize_request(ngx_http_request_t *r, ngx_int_t rc) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_DEBUG, r->connection->log, 0, "mytest_upstream_finalize_request"); } static char * ngx_http_mytest(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf) { ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *clcf; //首先找到mytest配置项所属的配置块,clcf貌似是location块内的数据 //结构,其实不然,它可以是main、srv或者loc级别配置项,也就是说在每个 //http{}和server{}内也都有一个ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t结构体 clcf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module); //http框架在处理用户请求进行到NGX_HTTP_CONTENT_PHASE阶段时,如果 //请求的主机域名、URI与mytest配置项所在的配置块相匹配,就将调用我们 //实现的ngx_http_mytest_handler方法处理这个请求 clcf->handler = ngx_http_mytest_handler; return NGX_CONF_OK; } static ngx_int_t ngx_http_mytest_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r) { //首先建立http上下文结构体ngx_http_mytest_ctx_t ngx_http_mytest_ctx_t* myctx = ngx_http_get_module_ctx(r, ngx_http_mytest_module); if (myctx == NULL) { myctx = ngx_palloc(r->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_mytest_ctx_t)); if (myctx == NULL) { return NGX_ERROR; } //将新建的上下文与请求关联起来 ngx_http_set_ctx(r, myctx, ngx_http_mytest_module); } //对每1个要使用upstream的请求,必须调用且只能调用1次 //ngx_http_upstream_create方法,它会初始化r->upstream成员 if (ngx_http_upstream_create(r) != NGX_OK) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ERR, r->connection->log, 0, "ngx_http_upstream_create() failed"); return NGX_ERROR; } //得到配置结构体ngx_http_mytest_conf_t ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *mycf = (ngx_http_mytest_conf_t *) ngx_http_get_module_loc_conf(r, ngx_http_mytest_module); ngx_http_upstream_t *u = r->upstream; //这里用配置文件中的结构体来赋给r->upstream->conf成员 u->conf = &mycf->upstream; //决定转发包体时使用的缓冲区 u->buffering = mycf->upstream.buffering; //以下代码开始初始化resolved结构体,用来保存上游服务器的地址 u->resolved = (ngx_http_upstream_resolved_t*) ngx_pcalloc(r->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_upstream_resolved_t)); if (u->resolved == NULL) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ERR, r->connection->log, 0, "ngx_pcalloc resolved error. %s.", strerror(errno)); return NGX_ERROR; } //这里的上游服务器就是www.google.com static struct sockaddr_in backendSockAddr; struct hostent *pHost = gethostbyname((char*) "www.baidu.com"); if (pHost == NULL) { ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ERR, r->connection->log, 0, "gethostbyname fail. %s", strerror(errno)); return NGX_ERROR; } //访问上游服务器的80端口 backendSockAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; backendSockAddr.sin_port = htons((in_port_t) 80); char* pDmsIP = inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr*) (pHost->h_addr_list[0])); backendSockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pDmsIP); myctx->backendServer.data = (u_char*)pDmsIP; myctx->backendServer.len = strlen(pDmsIP); //将地址设置到resolved成员中 u->resolved->sockaddr = (struct sockaddr *)&backendSockAddr; u->resolved->socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); u->resolved->naddrs = 1; u->resolved->port = htons((in_port_t)80); //设置三个必须实现的回调方法,也就是5.3.3节至5.3.5节中实现的3个方法 u->create_request = mytest_upstream_create_request; u->process_header = mytest_process_status_line; u->finalize_request = mytest_upstream_finalize_request; //这里必须将count成员加1,理由见5.1.5节 r->main->count++; //启动upstream ngx_http_upstream_init(r); //必须返回NGX_DONE return NGX_DONE; } [root@haohao upstream]#
nginx.conf
[root@haohao upstream]# cat nginx.conf #user nobody; worker_processes 1; error_log logs/error.log debug; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 8080; location /test { mytest; } } }
config
[root@haohao upstream]# cat config ngx_addon_name=ngx_http_mytest_module HTTP_MODULES="$HTTP_MODULES ngx_http_mytest_module" NGX_ADDON_SRCS="$NGX_ADDON_SRCS $ngx_addon_dir/ngx_http_mytest_module.c"
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