springmvc入门案例
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2022-07-04 19:23:22
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- 文件的项目结构
- 创建web项目配置web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>SpringmvcDemo</display-name>
<!-- 配置前端控制器 类似于servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- contextConfigLocation配置 springmvc加载的配置文件(配置处理器轻奢器 适配器等等)
如果不配置 contextConfigLocation 默认加载的是/WEB?INF/servlet名称-servlet.xml(springmvc-servlet。xml)
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- 第一种 *.action 访问以action结尾 由Dispatcherservlet进行解析
第二种 / 所有访问的地址都由DispatcherServlet进行解析 对于静态的文件解析 需要配置不让DispatcherServlet进行解析
使用此种方式可以实现RESTful风格的url
第三种 /* 这样配置不对
-->
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
- 配置springmvc.xml文件
主要有以下的配置
handler<bean name="/queryHttpItem.action" class="com.sofency.top.controller.ItemHttpController"></bean>
处理器映射器(两种)<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
- 简单的url处理器映射器 需要将handler设置id
<bean id="itemController" name="/queryItem.action" class="com.sofency.top.controller.ItemController"></bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <-- 可以通过下面两个链接都可以进行访问--> <prop key="/queryItem1.action">itemController</prop> <prop key="/queryItem2.action">itemController</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
处理器适配器
- 1 返回值为modelandview
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
- 返回值为void
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter"></bean>
视图解析器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"></bean>
综合而得的springmvc.xml 第一种写法
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 创建Handler 即controller -->
<bean name="/queryHttpItem.action" class="com.sofency.top.controller.ItemHttpController"></bean>
<!--处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 处理器适配器
所有的处理器适配器都实现了HandlerAdapter的接口 要求实现controller接口-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"></bean>
</beans>
第一种写法所对应的handler的写法
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import com.sofency.top.pojo.Item;
public class ItemController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//调用service操作数据库 查询商品列表 这里使用的是静态数据进行模拟
List<Item> itemList = new ArrayList<Item>();
Item item1 = new Item();
item1.setItemid(1);
item1.setItemname("sofency");
item1.setItemprice(12);
Item item2 = new Item();
item2.setItemid(2);
item2.setItemname("alice");
item2.setItemprice(10);
itemList.add(item1);
itemList.add(item2);
//返回modelAndView
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
model.addObject("itemList", itemList);
model.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/items/itemList.jsp");
return model;
}
}
springmvc.xml的第二种写法
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 创建Handler -->
<bean id="itemController" name="/queryItem.action" class="com.sofency.top.controller.ItemController"></bean>
<!--处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<!--可以通过下面两个链接都可以进行访问-->
<prop key="/queryItem1.action">itemController</prop>
<prop key="/queryItem2.action">itemController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 处理器适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!-- 视图解析器 解析jsp 默认使用jstl标签 classpath下需要有jstl的包 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"></bean>
</beans>
注:上面的处理器映射器可以混合使用
第二种所对应的handler的写法
package com.sofency.top.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler;
import com.sofency.top.pojo.Item;
public class ItemHttpController implements HttpRequestHandler{
@Override
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
List<Item> itemList = new ArrayList<Item>();
Item item1 = new Item();
item1.setItemid(1);
item1.setItemname("sofency");
item1.setItemprice(12);
Item item2 = new Item();
item2.setItemid(2);
item2.setItemname("alice");
item2.setItemprice(10);
itemList.add(item1);
itemList.add(item2);
//类似于servlet的实现
//设置模型数据
request.setAttribute("itemList", itemList);
//设置转发的视图
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/items/itemList.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
springmvc.xml的第三种写法 注解的方式
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 扫描handler 扫描所有的controller的方式 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sofency.top.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置注解类的映射器和适配器 -->
<!-- 注解类的映射器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 注解类的适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!-- 使用mvc:annotation-driven 代理上面两个映射器和适配器配置
使用mvc:anotation-driven 默认加载很多的参数绑定方法
实际开发中使用mvc:annotation-driven
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 视图解析器 解析jsp 默认使用jstl标签 classpath下需要有jstl的包 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 配置视图解析器的前缀和后缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
注解所对应的handler
package com.sofency.top.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.sofency.top.pojo.Item;
@Controller
public class ItemAnotationController {
@RequestMapping("/queryItems")
public ModelAndView queryItems() throws Exception {
List<Item> itemList = new ArrayList<Item>();
Item item1 = new Item();
item1.setItemid(1);
item1.setItemname("sofency");
item1.setItemprice(12);
Item item2 = new Item();
item2.setItemid(2);
item2.setItemname("alice");
item2.setItemprice(10);
itemList.add(item1);
itemList.add(item2);
//返回modelAndView
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView();
model.addObject("itemList", itemList);
//前缀和后缀在视图解析器中配置
model.setViewName("items/itemList");
return model;
}
}
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