synchronized的用法
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2022-07-04 17:01:38
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1.synchronized的几种用法 synchronized关键字最主要有以下5种应用方式,下面分别介绍。 1. 修饰对象普通方法,作用于当前对象,进入同步方法前要获得当前对象的锁 2. 修饰对象静态方法,作用于当前类对象加锁,进入同步该方法前要获得当前类对象的锁 3. 修饰代码块,指定加锁对象,对给定对象加锁,进入同步代码库前要获得指定对象的锁。 4. 修饰 this,指定当前对象,对给当前对象加锁,进入同步代码前要获得当前对象的锁(该方式和方式1作用相同)。 5. 修饰 xxx.class,(该方式和方式2作用相同)。
2.锁竞争说明 同时调用两个都加有synchronized的方法时存在锁竞争关系(同时调用时会一个先输出,另一个晚两秒输出)以下代码同时调用会产生竞争关系(this的作用相同)
public synchronized void getSex() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getSex synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public synchronized void getHeight() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getHeight synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public void getWeight() throws InterruptedException { synchronized (this){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getWeight synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } }
- 同时调用两个都加有synchronized的静态(static)方法时存在锁竞争关系(同时调用时会一个先输出,另一个晚两秒输出)
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public static synchronized void getName() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getName static synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public static synchronized void getAge() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getAge static synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); }
- 同时调用锁代码块的要看锁的目标是不是同一个,如果是同一个时就存在锁竞争关系,如果不是则没有关系 当传入的参数一样则有竞争关系
- 这里要注意点的就是 当传入的是getWX(“55”)和getQQ(“55”),getWX(new String(“55”))和getQQ(new String(“55”))这两中的结果是不同的 注意前面的存在竞争关系,后面不存在,因为new 是从新创建了对象,内存地址不是同一个
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public void getQQ(String qq) throws InterruptedException { synchronized (qq){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getQQ QQ synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } } public void getWX(String wx) throws InterruptedException { synchronized (wx){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getWX WX synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } }
- 同时一个synchronized的静态(static)方法和一个普通synchronized方法时 和一个synchronized代码块时(代码块不是 this和xxx.class),不存在竞争关系
- 这里要注意点的就是 synchronized代码块必须不是this和xxx.class,要不然会有竞争关系 因为this和synchronized普通方法效果相同,xxx.class与synchronized静态方法效果相同
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public synchronized void getSex() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getSex synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public static synchronized void getAge() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getAge static synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public void getWX(String wx) throws InterruptedException { synchronized (wx){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getWX WX synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } }
以下是全部代码 -
/** * 文件介绍 * * @author YangLD * @date 2018/8/3 21:17 */ public class RunMain { static{ System.out.println("static"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException { RunMain runMain = RunMain.class.newInstance(); System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()); CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(9); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); RunMain.getName(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); RunMain.getAge(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); runMain.getEmail(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); runMain.getSex(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); runMain.getHeight(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); runMain.getWeight(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); runMain.getQQ("qq"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); runMain.getWX("qq"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); ThreadUtil.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { cyclicBarrier.await(); runMain.getAli(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } public static synchronized void getName() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getName static synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public static synchronized void getAge() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getAge static synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public synchronized void getSex() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getSex synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public synchronized void getHeight() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getHeight synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public void getEmail() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getEmail : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } public void getWeight() throws InterruptedException { synchronized (this){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getWeight synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } } public void getQQ(String qq) throws InterruptedException { synchronized (qq){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getQQ QQ synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } } public void getWX(String wx) throws InterruptedException { synchronized (wx){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getWX WX synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } } public void getAli() throws InterruptedException { synchronized (RunMain.class){ Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("getAli synchronized : " + System.currentTimeMillis()); } } }
1)CountDownLatch和CyclicBarrier都能够实现线程之间的等待,只不过它们侧重点不同:CountDownLatch一般用于某个线程A等待若干个其他线程执行完任务之后,它才执行;
而CyclicBarrier一般用于一组线程互相等待至某个状态,然后这一组线程再同时执行;
另外,CountDownLatch是不能够重用的,而CyclicBarrier是可以重用的。
2)Semaphore其实和锁有点类似,它一般用于控制对某组资源的访问权限。