react 中使用Ajax请求(axios,Fetch)
React本身只关注于界面, 并不包含发送ajax请求的代码,前端应用需要通过ajax请求与后台进行交互(json数据),可以使用集成第三方ajax库(或自己封装)
常用的ajax请求库
jQuery: 比较重, 如果需要另外引入不建议使用
axios: 轻量级, 建议使用,封装XmlHttpRequest对象的ajax,promise风格,可以用在浏览器端和node服务器端
fetch: 原生函数, 但老版本浏览器不支持,不再使用XmlHttpRequest对象提交ajax请求,为了兼容低版本的浏览器, 可以引入兼容库fetch.js
常用的ajax请求库—axios
文档地址:https://github.com/axios/axios
相关API—get请求
axios.get('/user?ID=12345').then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
}) .catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});
axios.get('/user', {
params: {
ID: 12345
}
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});
相关API—post请求
axios.post('/user', {
firstName: 'Fred',
lastName: 'Flintstone'
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log(error);
});
常用的ajax请求库—fetch
文档地址:https://github.github.io/fetch/,https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003810652
由于 Fetch API 是基于 Promise 设计,有必要先学习一下 Promise,推荐阅读 MDN Promise 教程。旧浏览器不支持 Promise,需要使用 polyfill es6-promise
Fetch API 很简单,看文档很快就学会了。推荐 MDN Fetch 教程 和 万能的WHATWG Fetch 规范
相关API-get请求
fetch(url).then(function(response) {
return response.json()
}).then(function(data) {
console.log(data)
}).catch(function(e) {
console.log(e)
});
相关API-post请求
fetch(url, {
method: "POST",
body: JSON.stringify(data),
}).then(function(data) {
console.log(data)
}).catch(function(e) {
console.log(e)
})
分别使用axios和fetch实现一个搜索案例
效果大致如下
使用脚手架创建项目并且创建目录结构并且编写静态的组件
将这个功能抽出来一整个模块(search),将主组件在App.js中引入
search.js(主组件)
组件中需要接收子组件search-input.js传过来的一个searchName数据,search组件拿到这个数据进行请求后台,将返回的数据传递给子组件search-list
search-list有四个状态,初始(initView),查询中(loading),查询的数据(users),查询失败信息(errorMsg),在父组件中传递给子组件search-list并且根据查询结果进行更新这四个状态,更新状态后子组件会接收到最新的状态
先来看看使用axios
import React, {Component} from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'
import './search.css';
import SearchInput from './search-input/search-input'
import SearchList from './search-list/search-list'
class Search extends Component {
// search-list有四个状态,初始(initView),查询中(loading),查询的数据(users),查询失败信息(errorMsg)
state = {
initView: true,
loading: false,
users: [],
errorMsg: ''
}
search = (searchName) => {
const url = `https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${searchName}`
this.setState({ initView: false, loading: true })
axios.get(url)
.then((response) => {
this.setState({ loading: false, users: response.data.items })
})
.catch((error) => {
console.log('error', error.response.data.message, error.message)
this.setState({ loading: false, errorMsg: error.message })
})
}
render() {
const {initView, loading, users, errorMsg} = this.state
return (
<div className='search-axios'>
<div className='search-input-cantain'>
<SearchInput search={this.search}/>
</div>
<div className='search-list-cantain'>
<SearchList initView={initView} loading={loading} users={users} errorMsg={errorMsg}/>
</div>
</div>
)
}
}
export default Search
.search-axios{
width: 900px;
height: 600px;
margin: 40px auto 0;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.search-input-cantain{
width: 100%;
height: 100px;
padding: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
}
.search-list-cantain{
width: 100%;
height: 500px;
padding: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
子组件search-input
将输入框的数据使用自定义事件传个父组件search
import React, {Component} from 'react'
import './search-input.css';
import propTypes from 'prop-types'
class SearchInput extends Component {
static propTypes = {
search: propTypes.func.isRequired
}
handleSearch = () => {
// 获取输入框中的数据
const searchName = this.searchName.value
// 更新状态
this.props.search(searchName)
// 清空输入框中的数据
this.searchName.value = ''
}
render() {
return (
<div className='search-input'>
<input type='text' ref={input => this.searchName = input} placeholder='enter the name you search'/>
<button onClick={this.handleSearch}>Search</button>
</div>
)
}
}
export default SearchInput
.search-input input{
width: 80%;
height: 35px;
border-bottom-left-radius: 4px;
border-top-left-radius: 4px;
outline: none;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
padding: 0 8px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.search-input button{
width: 20%;
text-align: center;
height: 35px;
line-height: 35px;
outline: none;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
box-sizing: border-box;
cursor: pointer;
vertical-align: -2px;
border-bottom-right-radius: 4px;
border-top-right-radius: 4px;
}
子组件search-list根据父组件search传过来的四个状态进行判断显示
import React, {Component} from 'react'
import './search-list.css';
import propTypes from "prop-types";
class SearchList extends Component {
static propTypes = {
initView: propTypes.bool.isRequired,
loading: propTypes.bool.isRequired,
users: propTypes.array.isRequired,
errorMsg: propTypes.string.isRequired
}
render() {
const {initView, loading, users, errorMsg} = this.props
if (initView) {
return <div className='search-hide-enter'>enter the name you search</div>
} else if (loading) {
return <div className='search-ing'>搜索中,请稍后.....</div>
} else if (errorMsg) {
return <div className='search-error'>{errorMsg}</div>
} else {
return (
<div className='search-list'>
{users.map((user, index) => (
<div className='search-item' key={index}>
<div className='search-item-img'><img src={user.avatar_url} alt='user'/></div>
<p className='search-item-name'>{user.login}</p>
</div>
))}
</div>
)
}
}
}
export default SearchList
.search-list{
width: 100%;
height: 460px;
overflow-y: auto;
}
.search-item{
width: 25%;
height: 150px;
display: inline-block;
padding: 10px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.search-item-img{
width: 70%;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
}
.search-item-img img{
max-width: 100%;
}
.search-item p{
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.search-hide-enter,.search-ing,.search-error{
font-size: 20px;
}
另外一种方式是子组件search-input将输入框的数据使用自定义事件传个父组件search,父组件search在将这个数据传给子组件search-list,子组件search-list接收到新的属性时自动调用componentWillReceiveProps这个方法继续ajax请求
search组件
import React, {Component} from 'react'
import './search.css';
import SearchInput from './search-input/search-input'
import SearchList from './search-list/search-list'
class Search extends Component {
state = {
searchName: ''
}
search = (searchName) => {
this.setState({searchName})
}
render() {
const {searchName} = this.state
return (
<div className='search-axios'>
<div className='search-input-cantain'>
<SearchInput search={this.search}/>
</div>
<div className='search-list-cantain'>
<SearchList searchName={searchName} />
</div>
</div>
)
}
}
export default Search
search-list组件
import React, {Component} from 'react'
import './search-list.css';
import propTypes from "prop-types";
import axios from 'axios'
class SearchList extends Component {
static propTypes = {
searchName: propTypes.string.isRequired
}
state = {
initView: true,
loading: false,
users: [],
errorMsg: null
}
// 当组件接收到新的属性时回调(生命周期的函数)
async componentWillReceiveProps(newProps) {
const {searchName} = newProps
const url = `https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${searchName}`
this.setState({ initView: false, loading: true })
try {
let data = await axios.get(url);
this.setState({ loading: false, users: data.data.items })
} catch(e) {
this.setState({ loading: false, errorMsg: e.message })
console.log("Oops, error", e);
}
}
render() {
const {initView, loading, users, errorMsg} = this.state
if (initView) {
return <div className='search-hide-enter'>enter the name you search</div>
} else if (loading) {
return <div className='search-ing'>搜索中,请稍后.....</div>
} else if (errorMsg) {
return <div className='search-error'>{errorMsg}</div>
} else {
return (
<div className='search-list'>
{users.map((user, index) => (
<div className='search-item' key={index}>
<div className='search-item-img'><img src={user.avatar_url} alt='user'/></div>
<p className='search-item-name'>{user.login}</p>
</div>
))}
</div>
)
}
}
}
export default SearchList
最终效果
上一篇: MDK寄存器地址映射分析
下一篇: beego 获取 axios 请求数据
推荐阅读