k8s命令
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2022-03-12 18:24:52
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kubernetes
文章目录
k8s的pod分类
pod分为两类：自主式pod与控制器管理的pod
自主式pod由k8s管理器进行管理，而static pod由kubelet进行创建与管理
自主式pod
自主式pod总是在前台运行，同时接受k8s管理与调度，当集群当中的pod因为某种原因停止，k8s会根据其副本的数量，重新的生成对应的pod
自我管理的pod，创建以后仍然需要提交给apiserver，由apiserver接收以后借助于调度器将其调度至指定的node节点，由node启动此pod
如果此pod出现故障,需要重启容器则由kubelet来完成
如果node节点故障了，那么此pod将会消失。其无法实现全局调度。所以不推荐使用此种pod
控制器管理的pod
常见的pod控制器：
ReplicationController：当启动一个pod时。这个pod如果不够用可以再启个副本，而后由控制器来管理同一类pod的各种副本与对象。一旦副本少了就会自动增加。采取多退少补的规则，精确符合我们所定义的期望。支持滚动更新
ReplicaSet：由一个名叫Deployment的声明式更新的控制器来管理
Deployment：Deployment只能管理无状态的应用
StateFulSet：有状态副本集，可以管理有状态的应用
DaemonSet：如果需要在每个node上运行一个副本的时候可以用DaemonSet
核心组键
HPA
Deployment还支持二级控制器，HPA(HorizontalPodAutoscaler，水平pod自动伸缩控制器)，一般情况下我们可以确保一个node上有2个pod在运行，万一用户访问流量增加，2个pod不足以承载这么多访问量怎么办?此时我们就应该要增加pod资源，那么到底应该加几个?
HPA控制器可自动监控pod、自动进行扩展。
service
假如有2个pod,pod有其生命周期,万一pod所在的节点宕机了，那么此pod将应该要在其他的节点上重建,而重建完的pod与原来的pod已经不是同一个pod了，只是两者都是运行的同一个服务而已。且每个容器都有其IP地址，重建的pod中的容器其IP地址与之前的pod中容器的IP地址是不一样的,如此一来就会存在一个问题,客户端如何访问这些pod中的容器呢?(会转换到另一个节点去运行)
用于做服务发现，pod是有生命周期的，一个pod随时都有可能离去，随时都有可能会有其他内pod加进来，假如它们提供的是同一种服务，客户端是无法通过固定的手段来访问这些pod的，因为pod本身是不固定的，它们随时可能被替换掉,无论使用主机名还是IP地址，都随时会被替换掉。
为了尽可能的降低客户端与pod间协调的复杂度，k8s为每一组提供同类服务的pod和其客户端之间添加了一个中间层，这个中间层是固定的,这个中间层就叫service。
service只要不被删除，其地址与名称皆是固定的,当客户端需要在其配置文件中写*问某个服务时,它不再需要自动发现，只需要在配置文件中写明service的名称即可，而这个service是个调度器，其不但能够提供一个稳定的访问入口，还可以做反向代理，当service接收到客户端的请求后，会将其代理到后端的pod之上，一旦pod宕机了会立即新建一个pod，这个新建的pod会立即被service关联上，作为service后端的可用pod之一
客户端程序访问服务都是通过IP+端口或者主机名+端口的方式来实现的。而service关联后端的pod不是靠它的IP和主机名，而是靠pod的标签选择器。只要创建的pod的label是统一的，无论IP地址和主机如何改变，其都能被service所识别。如此一来,只要pod属于标签选择器，只要其在service的管理范围之内，则其就会被关联到service中，当这个动态的pod关联到service中之后，再进行动态的探测此pod的IP地址、端口，再将其作为自己后端可调度的可用服务蒂王机为象。因此，客户端的请求发送到service，然后由service代理到后端真实的pod中的容器进行响应。
service不是一个程序，也不是一个组件，它只是一个iptables的dnat规则,service作为k8s的对象,有其自身的名称，而service的名称相当于服务的名称,而这个名称可以被解析。
AddOns附件
dns pod:装完k8s后第一件事就需要在k8s集群上部署一个dns pod，以确保各service的名称能够被解析可以动态改变，包括动态创建、动态删除、动态修改,比如把service的名称改了,dnspod会自动触发，将dns解析记录中的名称也给改掉;假如我们手动把service的ip地址给改了,改完以后会自动触发,将dns服务中的解析记录给改掉。如此一来，客户端去访问pod资源的时候可以直接访问service的名称,然后由集群中专用的dns服务来负责解析。
这种pod是k8s自身的服务就需要用到的pod，所以我们把它称为基础性的系统架构级的pod对象,而且它们也被称为集群附件
kubectl命令
create
从文件或标准输出中创建pod
# 创建一个deployment类型的pos,名字是web1，使用的镜像是nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl create deployment web1 --image=nginx
deployment.apps/web1 created
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 14m
# 创建deployment类型的pos,名字是nginx，使用的镜像是nginx，replicas是指定创建的个数
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
deployment.apps/nginx created
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-9c9xs 1/1 Running 0 41s
nginx-85b98978db-fqq57 1/1 Running 0 41s
nginx-85b98978db-lfftt 1/1 Running 0 41s
web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 9m21s
# 创建一个名为my-dep的pod，运行nginx镜像并暴露端口1111，仅仅是暴露而已
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=nginx --port=1111
deployment.apps/my-dep created
get
显示一个或更多资源
# 查看创建的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 2m1s
# 查看所有的service
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 25h
my-dep NodePort 10.97.89.122 <none> 80:32213/TCP 5m17s
nginx ClusterIP 10.106.246.141 <none> 8000/TCP 15m
# 查看多个信息，用","隔开
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pod,svc
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 36m
pod/nginx-85b98978db-9c9xs 1/1 Running 0 42m
pod/nginx-85b98978db-fqq57 1/1 Running 0 42m
pod/nginx-85b98978db-lfftt 1/1 Running 0 42m
pod/web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 51m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 26h
service/my-dep NodePort 10.97.89.122 <none> 80:32213/TCP 14m
service/nginx ClusterIP 10.106.246.141 <none> 8000/TCP 24m
# 查看名称空间
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 25h
kube-node-lease Active 25h
kube-public Active 25h
kube-system Active 25h
# 查看指定类型的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
my-dep 1/1 1 1 29m
nginx 3/3 3 3 35m
web1 1/1 1 1 44m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get deployment nginx
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx 3/3 3 3 35m
# 查看更详细的信息
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 30m 10.244.2.7 node2.example.com <none> <none>
nginx-85b98978db-9c9xs 1/1 Running 0 36m 10.244.1.4 node1.example.com <none> <none>
nginx-85b98978db-fqq57 1/1 Running 0 36m 10.244.1.3 node1.example.com <none> <none>
nginx-85b98978db-lfftt 1/1 Running 0 36m 10.244.2.6 node2.example.com <none> <none>
web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 45m 10.244.2.5 node2.example.com <none> <none>
# 列出一个由pod中指定的类型和名称标识的pod。json/yaml输出格式
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get deployment my-dep -o json
{
"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
"kind": "Deployment",
"metadata": {
"annotations": {
"deployment.kubernetes.io/revision": "1"
},
"creationTimestamp": "2021-12-19T08:52:18Z",
"generation": 1,
"labels": {
"app": "my-dep"
},
..................
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get deployment my-dep -o yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
annotations:
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
creationTimestamp: "2021-12-19T08:52:18Z"
generation: 1
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "11093"
uid: 8b996347-546b-4b21-80db-ebbdd65e8eb0
....................
expose
暴露一个服务的端口
# 查看正在运行的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 11m
nginx-85b98978db-9c9xs 1/1 Running 0 17m
nginx-85b98978db-fqq57 1/1 Running 0 17m
nginx-85b98978db-lfftt 1/1 Running 0 17m
web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 26m
# 暴露nginx容器里面的80端口到集群的8000端口
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=8000 --target-port=80
service/nginx exposed
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 25h
nginx ClusterIP 10.106.246.141 <none> 8000/TCP 29s
# 访问
[[email protected] ~]# curl 10.106.246.141:8000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
........
# 暴露my-dep的pod，类型为NodePort
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 20m
nginx-85b98978db-9c9xs 1/1 Running 0 27m
nginx-85b98978db-fqq57 1/1 Running 0 27m
nginx-85b98978db-lfftt 1/1 Running 0 27m
web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 36m
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port 80 --type=NodePort
service/my-dep exposed
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 25h
my-dep NodePort 10.97.89.122 <none> 80:32213/TCP 9s
nginx ClusterIP 10.106.246.141 <none> 8000/TCP 10m
# 访问(在浏览器访问端口32213)
[[email protected] ~]# curl 10.97.89.122
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
.........
delete
删除资源的文件名，标准输出，资源和名称，或资源和标签选择器
# 查看后删除service和pod名字叫nginx的
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 26h
service/my-dep NodePort 10.97.89.122 <none> 80:32213/TCP 17m
service/nginx ClusterIP 10.106.246.141 <none> 8000/TCP 28m
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 39m
pod/nginx-85b98978db-9c9xs 1/1 Running 0 46m
pod/nginx-85b98978db-fqq57 1/1 Running 0 46m
pod/nginx-85b98978db-lfftt 1/1 Running 0 46m
pod/web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 54m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete deployment,svc nginx
deployment.apps "nginx" deleted
service "nginx" deleted
# 删除后查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc,pods
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 26h
service/my-dep NodePort 10.97.89.122 <none> 80:32213/TCP 18m
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 40m
pod/web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 55m
# 删除某一个类型的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 42m
web1-5756d98cd9-fh588 1/1 Running 0 57m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete deployment web1
deployment.apps "web1" deleted
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 42m
# 删除一个service
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 26h
my-dep NodePort 10.97.89.122 <none> 80:32213/TCP 22m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete svc my-dep
service "my-dep" deleted
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 26h
# 删除所有指定类型的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
my-dep-6fcbf46469-drs28 1/1 Running 0 46m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete deployment --all
deployment.apps "my-dep" deleted
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
run
在集群中运行一个指定的镜像的pod(自主式pod)
# 使用run运行的pod默认为pod类型
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run nginx --image nginx
pod/nginx created
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 38s
# 运行一个pod叫nginx1，使用镜像nginx，指定标签为app=nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run nginx1 --image=nginx --labels="app=nginx"
pod/nginx1 created
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 8m3s
nginx1 1/1 Running 0 66s
# 查看具体的描述
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx1
Name: nginx1
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node2.example.com/192.168.220.21
Start Time: Sun, 19 Dec 2021 04:48:06 -0500
Labels: app=nginx # 标签是nginx
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.2.8
.............
# 多创建几个，它们的标签都是nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run nginx2 --image=nginx --labels="app=nginx"
pod/nginx2 created
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run nginx3 --image=nginx --labels="app=nginx"
pod/nginx3 created
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 12m
nginx1 1/1 Running 0 5m41s
nginx2 1/1 Running 0 55s
nginx3 1/1 Running 0 50s
# 删除时指定标签就可以删除对应标签的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete pod -l app=nginx
pod "nginx1" deleted
pod "nginx2" deleted
pod "nginx3" deleted
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 13m
# 试运行，不会真正的创建运行，可以指定在client/server端
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run web --image=nginx --dry-run=client
pod/web created (dry run)
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 19m
# 启动一个pod，并将其放在前台，如果它退出，不要重新启动它
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run -i -t busybox --image=busybox --restart=Never
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # ls
bin dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # exit
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 0/1 Completed 0 16s
nginx 1/1 Running 0 23m
edit
编辑一个资源
# 运行一个pod类型的nginx，名字叫web1,定义的标签是app=nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run web1 --image=nginx --labels="app=nginx"
pod/web1 created
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
web1 1/1 Running 0 19s
# 使用edit命令编辑
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl edit pods/web1
# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2021-12-20T06:43:02Z"
labels:
app: test # 修改为test
name: web1
........
# 查看是否更改成功
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl describe pods/web1
Name: web1
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node1.example.com/192.168.220.20
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 01:43:02 -0500
Labels: app=test # 编辑成功
........
scale
动态扩展
#创建一个deployment类型的nginx的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-gqq2s 1/1 Running 0 19s
web1 1/1 Running 0 17m
# 使用scale扩展
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl scale --replicas 4 deployment/nginx
deployment.apps/nginx scaled
# 扩展后查看多了几个相同类型的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-b5r9p 1/1 Running 0 33s
nginx-85b98978db-gqq2s 1/1 Running 0 2m16s
nginx-85b98978db-t8bcq 1/1 Running 0 33s
nginx-85b98978db-vxkmt 1/1 Running 0 33s
web1 1/1 Running 0 19m
# 如果只需要2个deployment类型的nginx的pod
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl scale --replicas 2 deployment/nginx
deployment.apps/nginx scaled
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-gqq2s 1/1 Running 0 4m20s
nginx-85b98978db-t8bcq 1/1 Running 0 2m37s
web1 1/1 Running 0 21m
autoscale
自动扩展，给定一个范围，自动根据业务的访问量增加或减少
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl autoscale --min=2 --max=7 --cpu-percent=60 deployment/nginx
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/nginx autoscaled
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get hpa
NAME REFERENCE TARGETS MINPODS MAXPODS REPLICAS AGE
nginx Deployment/nginx <unknown>/60% 2 7 0 9s
cluster-info
显示集群信息
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane(kubernetes 控制面板) is running at https://192.168.220.17:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.220.17:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
(为了进一步调试和诊断集群问题，使用'kubectl cluster-info dump'。)
drain
驱逐节点上的应用，准备下线维护
describe
显示指定pod的详细信息
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl describe pod web1
Name: web1
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node1.example.com/192.168.220.20
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 01:43:02 -0500
Labels: app=test
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.1.8
IPs:
IP: 10.244.1.8
.............
logs
查看日志
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl logs deployment/nginx
Found 4 pods, using pod/nginx-85b98978db-gqq2s
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.4
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2021/12/20 07:00:17 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
attach
附加在一个容器里
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl attach web1
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
exec
进到容器内执行一个命令
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-4h4hl 1/1 Running 0 45m
nginx-85b98978db-gqq2s 1/1 Running 0 58m
nginx-85b98978db-t8bcq 1/1 Running 0 56m
nginx-85b98978db-w4r4v 1/1 Running 0 45m
web1 1/1 Running 0 75m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl exec web1 -- date
Mon Dec 20 07:58:28 UTC 2021
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl exec web1 -- ls -l /
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 1 00:00 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Oct 3 09:15 boot
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Dec 20 06:43 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 41 Dec 2 10:59 docker-entrypoint.d
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 1202 Dec 2 10:58 docker-entrypoint.sh
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19 Dec 20 06:43 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Oct 3 09:15 home
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 45 Dec 1 00:00 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 34 Dec 1 00:00 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 1 00:00 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 1 00:00 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 1 00:00 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 199 root root 0 Dec 20 06:43 proc
drwx------ 2 root root 37 Dec 1 00:00 root
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 38 Dec 20 06:43 run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 1 00:00 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 1 00:00 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Dec 20 06:43 sys
drwxrwxrwt 1 root root 6 Dec 2 10:59 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 66 Dec 1 00:00 usr
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19 Dec 1 00:00 var
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl exec -it web1 -- /bin/bash
[email protected]:/# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
[email protected]:/# exit
exit
port-forward
转发端口到pod里面
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 1/1 Running 0 18s
web1 1/1 Running 0 3h4m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl port-forward deployment/nginx 80
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:80 -> 80
Forwarding from [::1]:80 -> 80
Handling connection for 80
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
...............
[email protected] ~]# kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 deployment/nginx 80
Forwarding from 0.0.0.0:80 -> 80
#允许所有IP访问80端口
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://192.168.220.17
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
.................
cp
拷贝文件或目录到容器中，或者从容器内向外拷贝
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 1/1 Running 0 13m
web1 1/1 Running 0 3h17m
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl cp /root/init nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7:/
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl exec nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 -- ls -l /
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 1 00:00 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Oct 3 09:15 boot
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Dec 20 09:47 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 41 Dec 2 10:59 docker-entrypoint.d
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 1202 Dec 2 10:58 docker-entrypoint.sh
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19 Dec 20 09:47 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Oct 3 09:15 home
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178 Dec 20 10:00 init
..................
label
给资源设置、更新标签
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 1/1 Running 0 19m
web1 1/1 Running 0 3h23m
# 添加标签
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl label --overwrite=true deployment nginx app=test
deployment.apps/nginx unlabeled
#查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl describe deployment/nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 04:46:45 -0500
Labels: app=test
...........
# 追加标签
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl label pods nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 xyz=123
pod/nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 labeled
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7
Name: nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node2.example.com/192.168.220.21
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 04:46:45 -0500
Labels: app=nginx
pod-template-hash=85b98978db
xyz=123
..................
# 更改标签
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl label pod nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 --overwrite xyz=111
pod/nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 labeled
# 查看
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7
Name: nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: node2.example.com/192.168.220.21
Start Time: Mon, 20 Dec 2021 04:46:45 -0500
Labels: app=nginx
pod-template-hash=85b98978db
xyz=111
........................
api-resources
查看所有资源
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl api-resources
NAME SHORTNAMES APIVERSION NAMESPACED KIND
bindings v1 true Binding
componentstatuses cs v1 false ComponentStatus
configmaps cm v1 true ConfigMap
endpoints ep v1 true Endpoints
events ev v1 true Event
................
apr-versions
显示受支持的API版本
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apps/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
autoscaling/v1
autoscaling/v2
................
deploument
控制器部署镜像
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx111 --image lizhenliang/java-demo
[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-85b98978db-9vbc7 1/1 Running 0 28m
nginx111-f44dcbcb5-mzmn8 1/1 Running 0 34s
web1 1/1 Running 0 3h32m
# 暴露端口使用service
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx111 --port=80 --target-port=8080 --type=NodePort
service/nginx111 exposed
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2d3h
nginx111 NodePort 10.104.225.197 <none> 80:30081/TCP 2m22s
[[email protected] ~]# curl 192.168.220.17:30081
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<title>把美女带回家应用案例</title>
.................
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