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使用WHERE
SQL子句 (Using the WHERE
SQL clause)
WHERE
clause is used to specify/apply any condition while retrieving, updating or deleting data from a table. This clause is used mostly with SELECT
, UPDATE
and DELETE
query.
WHERE
子句用于在从表中检索,更新或删除数据时指定/应用任何条件。 此子句主要用于SELECT
, UPDATE
和DELETE
查询。
When we specify a condition using the WHERE
clause then the query executes only for those records for which the condition specified by the WHERE
clause is true.
当我们使用WHERE
子句指定条件时,查询仅对WHERE
子句指定的条件为true的那些记录执行。
WHERE
子句的语法 (Syntax for WHERE
clause)
Here is how you can use the WHERE
clause with a DELETE
statement, or any other statement,
这是将WHERE
子句与DELETE
语句或任何其他语句一起使用的方法,
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE [condition];
The WHERE
clause is used at the end of any SQL query, to specify a condition for execution.
WHERE
子句用于任何SQL查询的末尾,以指定执行条件。
实例时间 (Time for an Example)
Consider a table student,
考虑一个餐桌学生 ,
s_id | name | age | address |
---|---|---|---|
101 | Adam | 15 | Chennai |
102 | Alex | 18 | Delhi |
103 | Abhi | 17 | Banglore |
104 | Ankit | 22 | Mumbai |
s_id | 名称 | 年龄 | 地址 |
---|---|---|---|
101 | 亚当 | 15 | 钦奈 |
102 | 亚历克斯 | 18 | 新德里 |
103 | 阿比 | 17 | 邦洛尔 |
104 | 安奇 | 22 | 孟买 |
Now we will use the SELECT
statement to display data of the table, based on a condition, which we will add to our SELECT
query using WHERE
clause.
现在,我们将根据条件使用SELECT
语句显示表的数据,并使用WHERE
子句将其添加到SELECT
查询中。
Let's write a simple SQL query to display the record for student with s_id
as 101.
让我们编写一个简单SQL查询来显示s_id
为101的学生的记录。
SELECT s_id,
name,
age,
address
FROM student WHERE s_id = 101;
Following will be the result of the above query.
以下是上述查询的结果。
s_id | name | age | address |
---|---|---|---|
101 | Adam | 15 | Noida |
s_id | 名称 | 年龄 | 地址 |
---|---|---|---|
101 | 亚当 | 15 | 野田 |
在文本字段上应用条件 (Applying condition on Text Fields)
In the above example we have applied a condition to an integer value field, but what if we want to apply the condition on name
field. In that case we must enclose the value in single quote ' '
. Some databases even accept double quotes, but single quotes is accepted by all.
在上面的示例中,我们将条件应用于整数值字段,但是如果我们想将条件应用于name
字段怎么办。 在这种情况下,必须将值括在单引号' '
。 有些数据库甚至接受双引号,但所有人都接受单引号。
SELECT s_id,
name,
age,
address
FROM student WHERE name = 'Adam';
Following will be the result of the above query.
以下是上述查询的结果。
s_id | name | age | address |
---|---|---|---|
101 | Adam | 15 | Noida |
s_id | 名称 | 年龄 | 地址 |
---|---|---|---|
101 | 亚当 | 15 | 野田 |
WHERE
子句条件的运算符 (Operators for WHERE
clause condition)
Following is a list of operators that can be used while specifying the WHERE
clause condition.
以下是在指定WHERE
子句条件时可以使用的运算符的列表。
Operator | Description |
---|---|
= |
Equal to |
!= |
Not Equal to |
< |
Less than |
> |
Greater than |
<= |
Less than or Equal to |
>= |
Greate than or Equal to |
BETWEEN |
Between a specified range of values |
LIKE |
This is used to search for a pattern in value. |
IN |
In a given set of values |
操作员 | 描述 |
---|---|
= | 等于 |
!= | 不等于 |
< | 少于 |
> | 比...更棒 |
<= | 小于或等于 |
>= | 大于或等于 |
BETWEEN | 在指定的值范围之间 |
LIKE | 这用于搜索值的模式。 |
IN | 在给定的一组值中 |
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