Spring框架重点 梳理
- Spring设计理念
Spring这个一站式轻量级开源框架之所以流行,因为该框架把对象之间的依赖关系转而用配置文件管理,也就是 DI依
赖注入机制;而这个注入关系在IoC的容器中被管理,所谓IoC,被称为Inversion of Control,控制反转。指将对象的创建
权反转(交给)给Spring管理来实现程序的解耦。在Spring中核心组件有三个:Core、Context、Bean:
在一场演出中,Bean好比是一个个的演员;Context就是其中的舞台背景;而Core就是演出需要的道具;只有这些拼
凑在一起才能使一场演出顺利进行。
Context就是多个Bean关系的集合,也被称之为IoC容器,Core便作为用来 发现、建立、维护工具每个Bean之间的关
系所需要的一系列工具。
- Bean组件
Bean组件位于 org.springframework.beans包下,该包下的所有类主要涉及 Bean的定义、Bean的创建、Bean的解
析。
Bean的创建是典型的工厂模式,BeanFactory作为*接口,有3个子类:ListableBeanFactory接口(表示这些
Bean是可列表的)、HierarchicalBeanFactory接口(表示这些Bean存在继承关系,有父Bean)、以及定义Bean的自
动装配规则的AutowireCapableBeanFactory接口;而最终的默认实现类为DefaultListableBeanFactory。
Bean的定义由BeanDefinition描述,当Spring成功解析定义的<bean />节点后,在Spring内部将转化为
BeanDefinition,此后的操作都将针对该对象进行。
Bean的解析主要是对Spring中配置文件的解析。
- Context组件
Context组件位于 org.springframework.context包下,ApplicationContext作为*接口,分别继承了BeanFactory的
子类及 ResourceLoader的子类,使其能够以Bean为运行主体,同时可访问到任何外部资源:
ApplicationContext子类主要包含:ConfigurableApplicationContext及WebApplicationContext,前者用来动态添加
或修改已有配置信息,后者是为Web而准备的Context:
- Core组件
该组件一个重要的组成部分就是利用Resource接口定义了资源的访问方式,如下:
Resource继承了InputStreamSource接口,在该接口中有个getInputStream方法,返回InputStream类,屏蔽了资源
的提供者; ResourceLoader接口屏蔽了资源加载者所带来的差异。
- IoC 控制反转
IoC容器实际上就是Context组件结合其他两个组件共同构建的一个Bean关系网,而构建的入口就是
AbstractApplicationContext中的refresh方法:
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// 1.刷新所有BeanFactory子容器.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// 创建BeanFactory后,添加一些Spring本身需要的工具类
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// 功能扩展性-对已经构建的BeanFactory配置做一些修改
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 功能扩展性-可再创建的Bean实例对象时添加一些自定义操作
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// 2.在BeanFactory进行Bean的实例化及Bean关系网的构建
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
/**
* Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
* @return the fresh BeanFactory instance
* @see #refreshBeanFactory()
* @see #getBeanFactory()
*/
protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
refreshBeanFactory();
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
}
return beanFactory;
}
/**
* Finish the initialization of this context's bean factory,
* initializing all remaining singleton beans.
*/
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
... ...
// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);
// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}
1. 根据可更新子类AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext中的refreshBeanFactory方法刷新所有BeanFactory子容
器,已存在BeanFactory则更新,否则新创建:
/**
* This implementation performs an actual refresh of this context's underlying
* bean factory, shutting down the previous bean factory (if any) and
* initializing a fresh bean factory for the next phase of the context's lifecycle.
*/
@Override
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
if (hasBeanFactory()) {
destroyBeans();
closeBeanFactory();
}
try {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
//将加载、解析Bean的定义
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
}
}
2. 利用FactoryBean来进行Bean实例化:
@Override
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
this.logger.debug("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
}
// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames);
// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
boolean isEagerInit;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
@Override
public Boolean run() {
return ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit();
}
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
}
if (isEagerInit) {
getBean(beanName);
}
}
else {
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
// Trigger post-initialization callback for all applicable beans...
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
@Override
public Object run() {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
return null;
}
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
}
}
}
}
接口FactoryBean,是个工厂Bean,可以产生Bean实例的Bean,如果一个类继承或实现FactoryBean,则可以通过实
现getObject方法来自定义扩展Bean实例对象;Spring获取FactoryBean本身的对象可以通过在前面加上&来完成。
详情可以参考:BeanFactory与FactoryBean的比较
- IoC容器的扩展点
1. org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口:构建BeanFactory时调用
2. org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor接口:构建Bean对象时调用
3. org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean接口:Bean实例被创建时调用
4. org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean接口:Bean实例被销毁时调用
5. org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean接口:可以产生自定义Bean实例的Bean
举例说明:若将IoC容器比作是一个箱子,箱子里有若干球模子,依据模子可造不同的球;还有一个可生产球模子的机
器,以及一个不是预先定型并且形状任意确定的神奇球模;关系如下:
- Spring AOP
Spring AOP基于动态代理实现,而动态代理要从JDK本身说起:JDK 1.8 的java.lang.reflect.Proxy类就是构造代理
类的入口;其newProxyInstance方法作为创建代理对象的方法,源码如下:
//参数1:ClassLoader用于加载代理类的Loader类,通常和被代理的类是同一个Loader类
//参数2:Interfaces是要被代理的接口
//参数3:InvocationHandler用于执行除被代理接口方法之外的用户自定义的操作,也是用户需要代理的最终目的;调用的目标方法都被代理到其invoke方法中。
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)throws IllegalArgumentException{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
/**
* a cache of proxy classes
*/
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
/**
* Generate a proxy class. Must call the checkProxyAccess method
* to perform permission checks before calling this.
*/
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
Proxy$ProxyClassFactory.class 该内部类源码如下:
/**
* A factory function that generates, defines and returns the proxy class given
* the ClassLoader and array of interfaces.
*/
private static final class ProxyClassFactory implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>{
// prefix for all proxy class names
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
// package to define proxy class in
String proxyPkg = null;
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
将以上Proxy创建代理对象的过程利用时序图表示如下:
其实代理的目的就是在调用目标方法时可以转而执行InvocationHandler类的invoke方法,所以Spring AOP 的实现
关键就在于如何在InvocationHandler上进行自定义。
Spring AOP 创建代理对象使用到继承了FactoryBean的子类ProxyFactoryBean 以及 JdkDynamicAopProxy:
详情参考:五大框架工作原理——Spring
- 设计模式——代理设计模式
待续。。。
- 设计模式——策略设计模式
应用场景: 策略模式,顾名思义就是做某事的策略,编程上完成指定某个操作有很多方案,但在不同的环境下应根
据需要选择对应合适的方案。
示例图:
Context:当时所处的环境,可根据自身条件选择不同的策略实现类来完成操作,持有一个策略Strategy实例
的引用;创建具体策略对象的方法也可以由它完成。
Strategy:抽象的策略接口,定义每个策略实现类要实现的策略抽象方法。
ConcreteStrategy:具体的策略实现类,实现在Strategy中定义的抽象方法。
在Spring中的应用示例:
Spring的代理方式包括 以上介绍的JDK动态代理 及 cglib代理,这两种方式的使用运用了策略设计模式,
如下图:
该结构与标准的策略模式稍微有点不同,此处抽象策略是AopProxy接口;Cglib2AopProxy与
JdkDynamicAopProxy分别代表两种具体的策略实现类;Context角色是ProxyFactoryBean;根据条件来选择使用JDK
代理方式还是cglib方式。
另外三个类主要负责创建具体的策略对象,ProxyFactoryBean通过依赖的方法来关联具体策略对象并调用策
略对象的getProxy(ClassLoader loader)方法完成操作。
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