stm32的低功耗模式

程序员文章站 2022-07-02 09:48:31

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本文以smt32L4R5ZIT6单片机为例，编写代码。本文只讲代码，不说废话。

单片机进入低功耗前，都应该关闭中断。同时在低功耗前加上如下代码功耗更低


  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能电源时钟
  HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess();//使能LSE/RTC控制的备份域
  LSE_OFF_Config();//关闭LSE时钟,确保RTC关闭
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);//配置内部调节器输出电压(默认为Range1)
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_DISABLE();//关闭电源时钟

在进入低功耗前，都要求设置GPIO为模拟输入模式，代码如下

void GPIO_AnalogState_Config(void)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOE_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOG_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();    
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_All;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOD, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOE, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOF, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOG, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOH, &GPIO_InitStruct);  
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOE_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOG_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_DISABLE();
}

void RTC_Config()函数

void RTC_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState = RCC_LSE_ON;
  if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  __HAL_RCC_LSEDRIVE_CONFIG(RCC_LSEDRIVE_LOW);
  __HAL_RCC_RTC_CONFIG(RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE); 
  __HAL_RCC_RTC_ENABLE();
}

1关断模式SHUTDOWN

关断模式

void test_shutdown(void)
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();//设置GPIO为模拟输入
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能电源时钟
  HAL_PWREx_EnterSHUTDOWNMode();//进入shutdown模式
  
}

2待机模式standby

待机模式

void test_standby_rtc(void) 
{
  /* set RTC clock */
//说明:这里可以设置RTC时钟唤醒待机模式,但是本文未设置RTC中断,所以此处代码省略.如果想要唤醒,应该在此处开启rtc唤醒
  RTC_Config();//配置RTC,因为前文介绍低功耗前关闭RTC,此处相当于重新打开
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();//设置GPIO为低功耗模式
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能电源时钟
  HAL_PWR_EnterSTANDBYMode();//进入STANDBY模式
}

3待机模式+RTC

待机模式+RTC并保留sram2中数据

void test_standby_rtc_sram2(void)
 {
  /* set RTC clock */
  /*这里可以设置RTC唤醒待机模式,但本文未设置,所以此处代码省略*/
  MX_RTC_Init();//初始化RTC
   GPIO_AnalogState_Config();//设置GPIO低功耗模式
   __HAL_PWR_CLEAR_FLAG(PWR_FLAG_WU);//清除电源标志
  __HAL_RTC_WAKEUPTIMER_CLEAR_FLAG(&hrtc, RTC_FLAG_WUTF);//清除RTC唤醒定时器标志
  __HAL_RTC_WAKEUPTIMER_EXTI_CLEAR_FLAG();//清除睡眠外部中断唤醒标志
  __HAL_RTC_TIMESTAMP_CLEAR_FLAG(&hrtc, RTC_FLAG_TSF);
  __HAL_RTC_TAMPER_TIMESTAMP_EXTI_CLEAR_FLAG();
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能电源时钟
  /* Request to enter STANDBY mode with SRAM2 active */
  HAL_PWREx_EnableSRAM2ContentRetention();//**待机模式中SRAM2备份域
//  HAL_RTCEx_SetWakeUpTimer_IT(&hrtc, 5, RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_CK_SPRE_16BITS);//此代码是设置RTC定时器唤醒中断,5秒唤醒.此处作为示例代码,暂不使用
  HAL_PWR_EnterSTANDBYMode();//进入待机模式
}

4停止模式stop2

停止模式2

void test_stop2(void)
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  HAL_PWREx_EnterSTOP2Mode(PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);//进入停止模式2
}

5停止模式2+RTC

void test_stop2_rtc(void)
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  MX_RTC_Init();//配置RTC
  /* Enable Power Clock */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_CLEAR_FLAG(PWR_FLAG_WU);
  /* Clear RTC Wake Up timer Flag */
  __HAL_RTC_WAKEUPTIMER_CLEAR_FLAG(&hrtc, RTC_FLAG_WUTF);
  __HAL_RTC_WAKEUPTIMER_EXTI_CLEAR_FLAG();
  __HAL_RTC_TIMESTAMP_CLEAR_FLAG(&hrtc, RTC_FLAG_TSF);
  __HAL_RTC_TAMPER_TIMESTAMP_EXTI_CLEAR_FLAG();
  HAL_RTCEx_SetWakeUpTimer_IT(&hrtc, 5, RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_CK_SPRE_16BITS);//设置RTC定时器唤醒,定时5s
  HAL_PWREx_EnterSTOP2Mode(PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);//进入停止2模式
  SystemClock_80MHz(); //RTC定时5秒后唤醒,必须重新配置时钟
}

6停止模式1

停止模式1

void test_stop1_mroff(void)
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  
  /*进入停止模式1,主调节器关,低功耗调节器开*/
  HAL_PWREx_EnterSTOP1Mode(PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);
}

7停止模式1+RTC

停止模式1+RTC

void test_stop1_mroff_rtc(void)
{
  /* set RTC clock */
  /*这里可以设置RTC时钟唤醒*/
  RTC_Config();//配置RTC
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  
  /* Enter STOP 1 mode (Main Regulator OFF and Low Power Regulator On) */
  HAL_PWREx_EnterSTOP1Mode(PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);
}

8低功耗睡眠模式2MHz

lpsleep_2mhz

void SystemClock_2MHz(void)//配置运行时钟为2MHz
{
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};

  /* MSI is enabled after System reset, update MSI to 2Mhz (RCC_MSIRANGE_5) */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_5;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  
  /* Select MSI as system clock source and configure the HCLK, PCLK1 and PCLK2 
     clocks dividers */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI; 
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  if(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}


void test_lpsleep_2mhz(void)//睡眠模式配置
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  __HAL_FLASH_SLEEP_POWERDOWN_ENABLE(); //在睡眠模式下启用flash power down,如果在低功耗下不需要flash进入待机模式,需要屏蔽这行代码
  SystemClock_2MHz();//配置2MHz(MSI)单片机运行时钟频率
  HAL_SuspendTick();//暂停时间增量防止系统中断唤醒,否则Systick中断在1ms内会唤醒设备

  /* 关闭所有时钟使能*/
  RCC->AHB1SMENR = 0x0; 
  RCC->AHB2SMENR = 0x0;
  RCC->AHB3SMENR = 0x0;
  RCC->APB1SMENR1 = 0x0;
  RCC->APB1SMENR2 = 0x0; 
  RCC->APB2SMENR = 0x0;
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
    
  /*进入睡眠模式,主调节器关闭*/
  HAL_PWR_EnterSLEEPMode(PWR_LOWPOWERREGULATOR_ON, PWR_SLEEPENTRY_WFI);
}

9运行模式2MHz

2MHz的运行模式

void SystemClock_2MHz(void)//配置运行时钟为2MHz
{
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};

  /* MSI is enabled after System reset, update MSI to 2Mhz (RCC_MSIRANGE_5) */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_5;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  
  /* Select MSI as system clock source and configure the HCLK, PCLK1 and PCLK2 
     clocks dividers */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI; 
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  if(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}


void test_lprun_2mhz(void)//配置2MHz的低功耗运行模式
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  SystemClock_2MHz();//配置系统时钟2 MHz (MSI) 
  HAL_SuspendTick();//暂停时间增量以防止系统中断唤醒。
  __HAL_RCC_LPUART1_CLK_DISABLE();//失能低功耗串口时钟
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//开启电源时钟
  HAL_PWREx_EnableLowPowerRunMode();//低功耗运行模式2MHz
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_DISABLE();//失能电源时钟
}

10睡眠模式range2(24MHz)

void SystemClock_24MHz(void)//配置24MHz时钟
{
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};

  /* MSI is enabled after System reset, update MSI to 24Mhz (RCC_MSIRANGE_9) */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_9;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_OFF;
  if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* Select MSI as system clock source and configure the HCLK, PCLK1 and PCLK2 clocks dividers */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = (RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2);
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI; 
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  if(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void test_sleep_range2_24mhz(void)//设置睡眠模式
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  SystemClock_24MHz();//配置系统时钟24 MHz (MSI)
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE2);//配置内部主调节器输出电压

  HAL_SuspendTick();//暂停Systick中断
  RCC->AHB1SMENR = 0x0; //关闭所有时钟使能
  RCC->AHB2SMENR = 0x0;
  RCC->AHB3SMENR = 0x0;
  RCC->APB1SMENR1 = 0x0;
  RCC->APB1SMENR2 = 0x0; 
  RCC->APB2SMENR = 0x0;
  HAL_PWR_EnterSLEEPMode(PWR_MAINREGULATOR_ON, PWR_SLEEPENTRY_WFI);//进入睡眠模式,主调节器开
}

11睡眠模式range1(80MHz)

sleep_range1_80mhz

void SystemClock_80MHz(void)
{
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};

  /* MSI is enabled after System reset, activate PLL with MSI as source */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_6;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 40;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 7;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* Select PLL as system clock source and configure the HCLK, PCLK1 and PCLK2 clocks dividers */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = (RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2);
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  if(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void test_sleep_range1_80mhz(void)
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  SystemClock_80MHz();//配置系统频率80 MHz (MSI)
  HAL_SuspendTick();
  RCC->AHB1SMENR = 0x0; 
  RCC->AHB2SMENR = 0x0;
  RCC->AHB3SMENR = 0x0;
  RCC->APB1SMENR1 = 0x0;
  RCC->APB1SMENR2 = 0x0; 
  RCC->APB2SMENR = 0x0;
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  HAL_PWR_EnterSLEEPMode(PWR_MAINREGULATOR_ON, PWR_SLEEPENTRY_WFI);//睡眠模式主调节器开
}

12运行模式range2(24MHz)

void SystemClock_24MHz(void)
{
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};

  /* MSI is enabled after System reset, update MSI to 24Mhz (RCC_MSIRANGE_9) */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_9;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_OFF;
  if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* Select MSI as system clock source and configure the HCLK, PCLK1 and PCLK2 
     clocks dividers */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = (RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2);
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI; 
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  if(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}


void test_run_range2_24mhz(void)
{
  SystemClock_24MHz();//设置系统时钟为24 MHz
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE2);//设置内部主调节器输出电压
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_DISABLE();
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  __HAL_RCC_LPUART1_CLK_DISABLE();//关闭低功耗串口
  HAL_SuspendTick();
}

13运行模式range1(80MHz)

void SystemClock_80MHz(void)
{
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};

  /* MSI is enabled after System reset, activate PLL with MSI as source */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_6;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = RCC_MSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 40;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 7;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if(HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* Select PLL as system clock source and configure the HCLK, PCLK1 and PCLK2 clocks dividers */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = (RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2);
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;  
  if(HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void test_run_range1_80mhz(void)
{
  GPIO_AnalogState_Config();
  __HAL_RCC_LPUART1_CLK_DISABLE();
  SystemClock_80MHz();//配置系统时钟80 MHz (MSI)
  HAL_SuspendTick();
}

至此，低功耗模式的代码呈现完毕。

stm32的低功耗模式

1关断模式SHUTDOWN

2待机模式standby

3待机模式+RTC

4停止模式stop2

5停止模式2+RTC

6停止模式1

7停止模式1+RTC

8低功耗睡眠模式2MHz

9运行模式2MHz

10睡眠模式range2(24MHz)

11睡眠模式range1(80MHz)

12运行模式range2(24MHz)

13运行模式range1(80MHz)

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