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分库分表之第二篇

程序员文章站 2022-07-01 14:30:17
分库分表之第二篇 2. Sharding-JDBC快速入门 2.1需求说明 2.2. 环境建设 2.2.1环境说明 2.2.2创建数据库 2.2.3约会maven依赖 2.3 编写程序 2.3.1 分片规则配置 2.3.2 数据操作 2.3.3 测试 2.4. 流程分析 2.5 其他集成方式 2. ......

2. sharding-jdbc快速入门

2.1需求说明

使用sharding-jdbc完成对订单表的水平分表,通过快速入门程序的开发,快速体验sharding-jdbc的使用。人工创建两张表,t_order_1和t_order_2,这张表是订单表替换后的表,通过shading-jdbc向订单表插入数据,按照一定的分片规则,主键为偶数的尽入t_order_1,另一部分数据进入t_order_2,通过shading-jdbc查询数据,根据sql语句的内容从t_order_1或order_2查询数据。

2.2. 环境建设

2.2.1环境说明

操作系统:win10数据库:mysql-5.7.25 jdk:64位jdk1.8.0_201应用框架:spring-boot-2.1.3.release,mybatis3.5.0 sharding-jdbc:sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter-4.0 .0-rc1

2.2.2创建数据库

创建订单表

create database`order_db`字符集'utf8'collate'utf8_general_ci'; ```在order_db中创建t_order_1,t_order_2表如果存在java drop table t_order_1; create table`t_order_1`(`order_id` bigint(20)非空注释'订单id',`price`十进制(10,2)非空注释'订单价格',`user_id` bigint(20)非空注释“下一个单用户id”,“状态” varchar(50)字符集utf8集合utf8_general_ci not null comment“订单状态”,主键(`order_id`)使用btree)引擎= innodb character set = utf8 collate = utf8_general_ci row_format = 如果存在表t_order_2; create table`t_order_2`(`order_id` bigint(20)非空注释'订单id',`price`十进制(10,2)非空注释'订单价格',`user_id` bigint(20)非空注释'下一个单用户id',`status` varchar(50)字符集utf8集合utf8_general_ci not null comment'订单状态',主键(`order_id`)使用btree 
)engine = innodb character set = utf8 collate = utf8_general_ci row_format =动态; 

2.2.3约会maven依赖

sharding-jdbc和springboot整合的jar包:

<dependency>
<groupid>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupid> 
<artifactid>sharding‐jdbc‐spring‐boot‐starter</artifactid> 
<version>4.0.0‐rc1</version>
   </dependency>

2.3 编写程序

2.3.1 分片规则配置

分片规则配置是sharding-jdbc进行分库分表操作的重要依据,配置内容包括 :数据源、主键生成策略等。
在application.properties中配置

server.port=56081
spring.application.name = sharding‐jdbc‐simple‐demo
 server.servlet.context‐path = /sharding‐jdbc‐simple‐demo spring.http.encoding.enabled = true spring.http.encoding.charset = utf‐8 spring.http.encoding.force = true
spring.main.allow‐bean‐definition‐overriding = true
mybatis.configuration.map‐underscore‐to‐camel‐case = true # 以下是分片规则配置
# 定义数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names = m1
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.druiddatasource spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.driver‐class‐name = com.mysql.jdbc.driver spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order_db?useunicode=true spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.username = root spring.shardingsphere.datasource.m1.password = root
# 指定t_order表的数据分布情况,配置数据节点 spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.actual‐data‐nodes = m1.t_order_$‐>{1..2}
# 指定t_order表的主键生成策略为snowflake spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key‐generator.column=order_id spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key‐generator.type=snowflake
# 指定t_order表的分片策略,分片策略包括分片键和分片算法 spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table‐strategy.inline.sharding‐column = order_id spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table‐strategy.inline.algorithm‐expression = t_order_$‐>{order_id % 2 + 1}
# 打开sql输出日志 spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show = true
swagger.enable = true
logging.level.root = info logging.level.org.springframework.web = info logging.level.com.itheima.dbsharding = debug logging.level.druid.sql = debug
  1. 首先定义数据源m1,并对m1进行实际的参数配置
  2. 指定t_order表的数据分布情况,它分布在m1.t_order_1、m1.t_order_2
  3. 指定t_order表的主键生成策略为snowflake,snowflake是一种分布式自增算法,保证id全局唯一
  4. 定义t_order分片策略,order_id为偶数的数据落在t_order_1,为奇数的落在t_order_2,分表策略的表达式为t_order_$->{order_id % 2 + 1}

2.3.2 数据操作

   @mapper
   @component
   public interface orderdao {
	/**
	* 新增订单
	* @param price 订单价格 * @param userid 用户id * @param status 订单状态 * @return
	*/
	@insert("insert into t_order(price,user_id,status) value(#{price},#{userid},#{status})")
	int insertorder(@param("price") bigdecimal price, @param("userid")long userid, @param("status")string status);
	/**
	* 根据id列表查询多个订单
	* @param orderids 订单id列表 * @return
	*/
	@select({"<script>" + "select " +
	"*"+
	" from t_order t" +
	" where t.order_id in " +
	"<foreach collection='orderids' item='id' open='(' separator=',' close=')'>" + " #{id} " +
	"</foreach>"+
	"</script>"})
	list<map> selectorderbyids(@param("orderids")list<long> orderids); 
}

2.3.3 测试

编写单元测试 :

@runwith(springrunner.class)
@springboottest(classes = {shardingjdbcsimpledemobootstrap.class}) public class orderdaotest {
	@autowired
	private orderdao orderdao;
	@test
	public void testinsertorder(){
		for (int i = 0 ; i<10; i++){
			orderdao.insertorder(new bigdecimal((i+1)*5),1l,"wait_pay");
		} 
	}
	@test
	public void testselectorderbyids(){
		list<long> ids = new arraylist<>(); ids.add(373771636085620736l); ids.add(373771635804602369l);
		list<map> maps = orderdao.selectorderbyids(ids); system.out.println(maps);
	} 
}

执行testinsertorder:
分库分表之第二篇
通过日志可以发现order_id为奇数的被插入到t_order_2表,为偶数的被插入到t_order_1表,达到预期目标。
执行testselectorderbyids:
分库分表之第二篇
通过日志可以发现,根据传入的order_id的奇偶不同,分片-jdbc分别去不同的表检索数据,达到预期目标。

2.4. 流程分析

通过日志分析,sharding-jdbc在拿到用户要执行的sql之后干了那些事儿 :
(1)解析sql,获取片键值,在本例中是order_id
(2)sharding-jdbc通过规则配置t_order_$->{order_id% 2 + 1},知道类当order_id为偶数时,应该往t_order_1表插数据,为奇数时,往t_order_2插数据。
(3)于是sharding-jdbc根据order_id的值改写sql语句,改写后的sql语句是真实所要执行的sql语句。
(4)执行改写后的真实sql语句
(5)将所有真正执行sql的结果进行汇总合并,返回。

2.5 其他集成方式

sharding-jdbc不仅可以与spring boot良好集成,它还支持其他配置方式,共支持以下四种集成方式。
spring boot yaml配置
定义application.yml,内容如下 :

server:
     port: 56081
     servlet:
context‐path: /sharding‐jdbc‐simple‐demo spring:
application:
name: sharding‐jdbc‐simple‐demo
     http:
       encoding:
enabled: true charset: utf‐8 force: true
main:
allow‐bean‐definition‐overriding: true
     shardingsphere:
       datasource:
         names: m1
m1:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.druiddatasource driverclassname: com.mysql.jdbc.driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order_db?useunicode=true username: root
password: mysql
       sharding:
         tables:
t_order:
actualdatanodes: m1.t_order_$‐>{1..2} tablestrategy:
inline:
shardingcolumn: order_id
algorithmexpression: t_order_$‐>{order_id % 2 + 1}
             keygenerator:
               type: snowflake
               column: order_id
props: sql:
           show: true
   mybatis:
configuration: map‐underscore‐to‐camel‐case: true
   swagger:
     enable: true
   logging:
     level:
root: info
 org.springframework.web: info 
 com.itheima.dbsharding: debug 
 druid.sql: debug

如果使用application.yml则需要屏蔽原来的application.properties文件。
java配置
添加配置类 :

@configuration
   public class shardingjdbcconfig {
// 定义数据源
map<string, datasource> createdatasourcemap() {
druiddatasource datasource1 = new druiddatasource(); datasource1.setdriverclassname("com.mysql.jdbc.driver"); datasource1.seturl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order_db?useunicode=true"); datasource1.setusername("root");
datasource1.setpassword("root");
map<string, datasource> result = new hashmap<>(); result.put("m1", datasource1);
return result;
}
// 定义主键生成策略
private static keygeneratorconfiguration getkeygeneratorconfiguration() {
keygeneratorconfiguration result = new keygeneratorconfiguration("snowflake","order_id");
           return result;
       }
// 定义t_order表的分片策略
tableruleconfiguration getordertableruleconfiguration() {
tableruleconfiguration result = new tableruleconfiguration("t_order","m1.t_order_$‐> {1..2}");
result.settableshardingstrategyconfig(new inlineshardingstrategyconfiguration("order_id", "t_order_$‐>{order_id % 2 + 1}"));
result.setkeygeneratorconfig(getkeygeneratorconfiguration()); return result;
}
// 定义sharding‐jdbc数据源
@bean
datasource getshardingdatasource() throws sqlexception {
shardingruleconfiguration shardingruleconfig = new shardingruleconfiguration(); shardingruleconfig.gettableruleconfigs().add(getordertableruleconfiguration()); //spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show = true
properties properties = new properties();
properties.put("sql.show","true");
return shardingdatasourcefactory.createdatasource(createdatasourcemap(),
     shardingruleconfig,properties);
       }
}

由于采用类配置类所以需要屏蔽原来application.properties文件中spring.shardingsphere开头的配置信息。还需要在springboot启动类中屏蔽使用spring.shardingsphere配置项的类 :

@springbootapplication(exclude = {springbootconfiguration.class}) public class shardingjdbcsimpledemobootstrap {....}

spring命名空间配置 此方式使用xml方式配置,不推荐使用。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf‐8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema‐instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xmlns:sharding="http://shardingsphere.apache.org/schema/shardingsphere/sharding"
    xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring‐beans.xsd
http://shardingsphere.apache.org/schema/shardingsphere/sharding
http://shardingsphere.apache.org/schema/shardingsphere/sharding/sharding.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring‐context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring‐tx.xsd">
<context:annotation‐config />
<!‐‐定义多个数据源‐‐>
<bean id="m1" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.druiddatasource" destroy‐method="close">
<property name="driverclassname" value="com.mysql.jdbc.driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order_db_1?useunicode=true" /> 
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
</bean>
<!‐‐定义分库策略‐‐>
<sharding:inline‐strategy id="tableshardingstrategy" sharding‐column="order_id" algorithm‐
expression="t_order_$‐>{order_id % 2 + 1}" /> 
<!‐‐定义主键生成策略‐‐>
<sharding:key‐generator id="orderkeygenerator" type="snowflake" column="order_id" />
<!‐‐定义sharding‐jdbc数据源‐‐> <sharding:data‐source id="shardingdatasource">
<sharding:sharding‐rule data‐source‐names="m1"> 
<sharding:table‐rules>
<sharding:table‐rule logic‐table="t_order" table‐strategy‐ ref="tableshardingstrategy" key‐generator‐ref="orderkeygenerator" />
</sharding:table‐rules> 
</sharding:sharding‐rule>
</sharding:data‐source> 
</beans>