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Centos7安装MySql8

程序员文章站 2022-03-12 07:57:09
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title: Centos7安装MySql8
categories:

  • mysql
  • centos7-mysql8
    tags: ‘centos7-mysql8’

想看图片请去原网址搜索,之前写hexo博客没有添加图片库,都是本地,见谅!

前期准备

1、先检查有没有装过mysql

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

2、如果安装了则需要删除mysql

yum -y remove *-MySQL-*

一般用rpm -e 的命令删除mysql,这样表面上删除了mysql,可是mysql的一些残余程序仍然存在,并且通过第一步的方式也查找不到残余,而yum命令比较强大,可以完全删除mysql.(ps:用rpm删除后再次安装的时候会提示已经安装了,这就是rpm没删除干净的原因)

3、找到并删除mysql的目录

find / -name mysql

查找mysql的一些目录,把所有出现的目录删除,可以使用rm -rf 路径,删除时请注意,一旦删除无法恢复。

4、删除配置文件

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

5、删除mysql的默认密码

rm -rf /root/.mysql_sercret

删除mysql的默认密码,如果不删除,以后安装mysql这个sercret中的默认密码不会变,使用其中的默认密码就可能会报类似Access denied for user ‘[email protected]’ (using password:yes)的错误.

准备安装

1、配置Mysql 8.0安装源

rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

2、安装mysql8.0

yum --enablerepo=mysql80-community install mysql-community-server

看到complet(完毕)就是安装完啦

如果是用安装包安装,service文件要安装在root用户

3、启动mysql服务

[[email protected] opt]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service

4、查看mysql服务运行状态

[[email protected] opt]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2019-12-22 14:04:32 CST; 1min 23s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 4356 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 4444 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─4444 /usr/sbin/mysqld

12月 22 14:04:22 master systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
12月 22 14:04:32 master systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

4、查看root临时密码

[[email protected] opt]# grep "A temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-12-22T06:04:26.807797Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: /!ECy_whH4D-

5、更改临时密码

输入:mysql -u root -p
在Enter password:后面输入临时密码
登录成功
输入:  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
会提示:ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements(密码不符合当前策略)
方案1: 设置符合策略的密码(大小写字母+数据+符号)
方案2:密码策略改简单一点

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘******’ at line 1
这个提示是单引号的问题

6、解决密码问题除了设置更复杂的密码还可以更改密码策略

6.1、查看 mysql 初始的密码策略

mysql>  SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name    | ON     |
| validate_password.dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password.length             | 8      |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password.number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password.policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.02 sec)

6.2、首先需要设置密码的验证强度等级,设置 validate_password.policy 的全局参数为 LOW 即可,

mysql>  set global validate_password.policy=LOW;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

6.3、当前密码长度为 8 ,按照通用的来讲,设置为 6 位的密码,设置validate_password.length 的全局参数为 6 即可,

mysql> set global validate_password.length=6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

6.4、现在可以为 mysql 设置简单密码了,只要满足六位的长度即可,

mysql>  ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '******';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

6.5、注:在默认密码的长度最小值为 4 ,由 大/小写字母各一个 + 阿拉伯数字一个 + 特殊字符一个,只要设置密码的长度小于 3 ,都将自动设值为 4

6.7、关于 mysql 密码策略相关参数;

  • 1)、validate_password.length 固定密码的总长度;

  • 2)、validate_password.dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径;

  • 3)、validate_password.mixed_case_count 整个密码中至少要包含大/小写字母的总个数;

  • 4)、validate_password.number_count 整个密码中至少要包含阿拉伯数字的个数;

  • 5)、validate_password.policy 指定密码的强度验证等级,默认为 MEDIUM;

关于 validate_password.policy 的取值:

LOW:只验证长度;

1/MEDIUM:验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符;

2/STRONG:验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符、字典文件;

validate_password.special_char_count 整个密码中至少要包含特殊字符的个数;

7、退出当前状态

mysql> quit;
Bye

或者这样修改密码,待验证

3.修改密码
mysql>SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('000000');

8、设置允许远程连接

8.1、连接服务器

[[email protected] opt]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.18 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

8.2、看当前所有数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

8.3、进入mysql数据库

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed

8.4、查看mysql数据库中所有的表

mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| component                 |
| db                        |
| default_roles             |
| engine_cost               |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| global_grants             |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| password_history          |
| plugin                    |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| role_edges                |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
33 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.5、查看user表中的数据

mysql> mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.6、修改user表中的Host:

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

% 代表任意的客户端,可替换成具体IP地址。

8.7、刷新

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

9、其他配置

9.1、设置安全选项:(重置)

mysql_secure_installation

9.2、关闭MySQL

systemctl stop mysqld 

9.3、重启MySQL

systemctl restart mysqld 

9.4、查看MySQL运行状态

systemctl status mysqld 

9.5、设置开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld 

9.6、关闭开机启动

systemctl disable mysqld 

9.7、配置默认编码为utf8:

vi /etc/my.cnf

添加

 [mysqld] character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

其他默认配置文件路径:
/etc/my.cnf
日志文件:/var/log/var/log/mysqld.log
服务启动脚本:/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
socket文件:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

9.8、查看版本

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.18    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

9.10 命令行导入数据库

mysql -h localhost -u root -p 数据库名< /home/fps001.sql

9.11 命令行导出数据库

mysqldump -h localhost -u root -p 数据库名> /home/fps001.sql