RestTemplate发送HTTP、HTTPS请求

转载：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c2663ba6826e

HTTP之GET请求(示例)

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;
 
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
import com.google.gson.Gson;
 
/**
 * 单元测试
 *
 * @author JustryDeng
 * @DATE 2018年9月7日 下午6:37:05
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AbcHttpsTestApplicationTests {
 
    /**
     * RestTemplate 发送  HTTP GET请求 --- 测试
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 
     *
     * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:18:50
     */
    @Test
    public void doHttpGetTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        // -------------------------------> 获取Rest客户端实例
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        
        // -------------------------------> 解决(响应数据可能)中文乱码 的问题
        List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterList = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
        converterList.remove(1); // 移除原来的转换器
        // 设置字符编码为utf-8
        HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        converterList.add(1, converter); // 添加新的转换器(注:convert顺序错误会导致失败)
        restTemplate.setMessageConverters(converterList);
        
        // -------------------------------> (选择性设置)请求头信息
        // HttpHeaders实现了MultiValueMap接口
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        // 给请求header中添加一些数据
        httpHeaders.add("JustryDeng", "这是一个大帅哥!");
        
        // -------------------------------> 注:GET请求 创建HttpEntity时,请求体传入null即可
        // 请求体的类型任选即可;只要保证 请求体 的类型与HttpEntity类的泛型保持一致即可
        String httpBody = null;
        HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(httpBody, httpHeaders);
        
        // -------------------------------> URI
        StringBuffer paramsURL = new StringBuffer("http://127.0.0.1:9527/restTemplate/doHttpGet");
        // 字符数据最好encoding一下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:flag的参数值就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
        paramsURL.append("?flag=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
        URI uri = URI.create(paramsURL.toString());
        
        //  -------------------------------> 执行请求并返回结果
        // 此处的泛型  对应 响应体数据   类型;即:这里指定响应体的数据装配为String
        ResponseEntity<String> response = 
                restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class);
        
        // -------------------------------> 响应信息
        //响应码,如:401、302、404、500、200等
        System.err.println(response.getStatusCodeValue());
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        // 响应头
        System.err.println(gson.toJson(response.getHeaders()));
        // 响应体
        if(response.hasBody()) {
            System.err.println(response.getBody());
        }
        
    }
 
}

HTTP之POST请求(示例)

/**
 * RestTemplate 发送  HTTP POST请求 --- 测试
 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 
 *
 * @date 2018年9月8日 下午2:12:50
 */
@Test
public void doHttpPostTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    // -------------------------------> 获取Rest客户端实例
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    
    // -------------------------------> 解决(响应数据可能)中文乱码 的问题
    List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterList = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
    converterList.remove(1); // 移除原来的转换器
    // 设置字符编码为utf-8
    HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    converterList.add(1, converter); // 添加新的转换器(注:convert顺序错误会导致失败)
    restTemplate.setMessageConverters(converterList);
    
    // -------------------------------> (选择性设置)请求头信息
    // HttpHeaders实现了MultiValueMap接口
    HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
    // 设置contentType
    httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
    // 给请求header中添加一些数据
    httpHeaders.add("JustryDeng", "这是一个大帅哥!");
    
    // ------------------------------->将请求头、请求体数据，放入HttpEntity中
    // 请求体的类型任选即可;只要保证 请求体 的类型与HttpEntity类的泛型保持一致即可
    // 这里手写了一个json串作为请求体 数据 (实际开发时,可使用fastjson、gson等工具将数据转化为json串)
    String httpBody = "{\"motto\":\"唉呀妈呀！脑瓜疼！\"}";
    HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(httpBody, httpHeaders);
 
    // -------------------------------> URI
    StringBuffer paramsURL = new StringBuffer("http://127.0.0.1:9527/restTemplate/doHttpPost");
    // 字符数据最好encoding一下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:flag的参数值就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
    paramsURL.append("?flag=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
    URI uri = URI.create(paramsURL.toString());
    
    //  -------------------------------> 执行请求并返回结果
    // 此处的泛型  对应 响应体数据   类型;即:这里指定响应体的数据装配为String
    ResponseEntity<String> response = 
            restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, String.class);
    
    // -------------------------------> 响应信息
    //响应码,如:401、302、404、500、200等
    System.err.println(response.getStatusCodeValue());
    Gson gson = new Gson();
    // 响应头
    System.err.println(gson.toJson(response.getHeaders()));
    // 响应体
    if(response.hasBody()) {
        System.err.println(response.getBody());
    }
    
}

HTTPS请求的准备工作

/**
 * 声明:此代码摘录自https://blog.csdn.net/wltsysterm/article/details/80977455
 * 声明:关于Socket的相关知识,本人会在后面的闲暇时间进行学习整理,请持续关注博客更新
 *
 * @author JustryDeng
 * @DATE 2018年9月8日 下午4:34:02
 */
public class HttpsClientRequestFactory extends SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory {
    
    @Override
    protected void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection connection, String httpMethod) {
        try {
            if (!(connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection)) {
                throw new RuntimeException("An instance of HttpsURLConnection is expected");
            }
 
            HttpsURLConnection httpsConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) connection;
 
            TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{
                    new X509TrustManager() {
                        @Override
                        public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                            return null;
                        }
                        @Override
                        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
                        }
                        @Override
                        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
                        }
 
                    }
            };
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            sslContext.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom());
            httpsConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(new MyCustomSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory()));
 
            httpsConnection.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
                @Override
                public boolean verify(String s, SSLSession sslSession) {
                    return true;
                }
            });
 
            super.prepareConnection(httpsConnection, httpMethod);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * We need to invoke sslSocket.setEnabledProtocols(new String[] {"SSLv3"});
     * see http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/documentation/cve-2014-3566-2342133.html (Java 8 section)
     */
    // SSLSocketFactory用于创建 SSLSockets
    private static class MyCustomSSLSocketFactory extends SSLSocketFactory {
 
        private final SSLSocketFactory delegate;
 
        public MyCustomSSLSocketFactory(SSLSocketFactory delegate) {
            this.delegate = delegate;
        }
 
        // 返回默认启用的密码套件。除非一个列表启用，对SSL连接的握手会使用这些密码套件。
        // 这些默认的服务的最低质量要求保密保护和服务器身份验证
        @Override
        public String[] getDefaultCipherSuites() {
            return delegate.getDefaultCipherSuites();
        }
 
        // 返回的密码套件可用于SSL连接启用的名字
        @Override
        public String[] getSupportedCipherSuites() {
            return delegate.getSupportedCipherSuites();
        }
 
 
        @Override
        public Socket createSocket(final Socket socket, final String host, final int port, 
                final boolean autoClose) throws IOException {
            final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose);
            return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
        }
 
 
        @Override
        public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port) throws IOException {
            final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port);
            return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
        }
 
        @Override
        public Socket createSocket(final String host, final int port, final InetAddress localAddress, 
                final int localPort) throws
                IOException {
            final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
            return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
        }
 
        @Override
        public Socket createSocket(final InetAddress host, final int port) throws IOException {
            final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port);
            return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
        }
 
        @Override
        public Socket createSocket(final InetAddress host, final int port, final InetAddress localAddress, 
                final int localPort) throws
                IOException {
            final Socket underlyingSocket = delegate.createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
            return overrideProtocol(underlyingSocket);
        }
 
        private Socket overrideProtocol(final Socket socket) {
            if (!(socket instanceof SSLSocket)) {
                throw new RuntimeException("An instance of SSLSocket is expected");
            }
            ((SSLSocket) socket).setEnabledProtocols(new String[]{"TLSv1"});
            return socket;
        }
    }
}

HTTPS ： POST/GET请求

RestTemplate发送HTTPS与发送HTTP的代码,除了在创建RestTemplate时不一样以及协议不一样(一个URL是http开头,一个是https开头)外,其余的都一样。

HTTPS之GET请求(示例)

// 创建restTemplate对象   发送https请求(发送http请求的话不需要参数)
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new HttpsClientRequestFactory());
// 接下来和HTTP的GET请求一样
...

HTTPS之POST请求(示例)

// 创建restTemplate对象   发送https请求(发送http请求的话不需要参数)
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new HttpsClientRequestFactory());
// 接下来和HTTP的POST请求一样
...