Memcached 安装配置

程序员文章站 2022-03-10 20:20:38

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Memcache知识点梳理：http://369369.blog.51cto.com/319630/833234/
Memcached 教程：http://www.runoob.com/memcached/memcached-tutorial.html
MemCache超详细解读：http://www.csdn.net/article/2016-03-16/2826609

安装libevent

先到官网http://libevent.org/下载最新版本压缩包并解压

[memcached@donald Documents]$ ls
libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz  memcached-1.5.2  memcached-1.5.2.tar.gz
[memcached@donald Documents]$ tar -zxvf libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz

配置目录：

[memcached@donald libevent-2.1.8-stable]$./configure --prefix=/usr

编译：

[memcached@donald libevent-2.1.8-stable]$ make
  GEN      test/rpcgen-attempted
  GEN      include/event2/event-config.h
make  all-am
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/libevent-2.1.8-stable'
...

安装

[memcached@donald libevent-2.1.8-stable]$ sudo make install

检查是否安装成功：

[memcached@donald libevent-2.1.8-stable]$ ls -al /usr/lib | grep libevent
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root      21 Oct  9 12:58 libevent-2.1.so.6 -> libevent-2.1.so.6.0.2
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root 1325594 Oct  9 12:58 libevent-2.1.so.6.0.2
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 2461544 Oct  9 12:58 libevent.a
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root      26 Oct  9 12:58 libevent_core-2.1.so.6 -> libevent_core-2.1.so.6.0.2
...
[memcached@donald libevent-2.1.8-stable]$

安装memcached

获取memcached源码：

memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$wget http://memcached.org/latest

解压

memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$tar -zxvf memcached-1.x.x.tar.gz
[memcached@donald Documents]$ cd memcached-1.5.2/

配置安装目录：

[memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$ sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local  --with-libevent=/usr
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c

...
编译：

[memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$ sudo make
make  all-recursive
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2'
Making all in doc
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
make  all-am
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
...

测试：

[memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$ sudo make test

安装：

[memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$ 
[memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$ sudo make install
make  install-recursive
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2'
Making install in doc
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
make  install-am
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
make[4]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/man/man1'
 /bin/install -c -m 644 memcached.1 '/usr/local/share/man/man1'
make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2/doc'
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2'
make[3]: Entering directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2'
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/bin'
  /bin/install -c memcached '/usr/local/bin'
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/include/memcached'
 /bin/install -c -m 644 protocol_binary.h '/usr/local/include/memcached'
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/memcached/Documents/memcached-1.5.2'
[memcached@donald memcached-1.5.2]$

查看启动参数配置

[memcached@donald Documents]$ memcached -h
memcached 1.5.2
-p, --port=<num>          TCP port to listen on (default: 11211) TCP 监听端口
-U, --udp-port=<num>      UDP port to listen on (default: 11211, 0 is off) UDP 监听端口
-s, --unix-socket=<file>  UNIX socket to listen on (disables network support)
-A, --enable-shutdown     enable ascii "shutdown" command
-a, --unix-mask=<mask>    access mask for UNIX socket, in octal (default: 0700)
-l, --listen=<addr>       interface to listen on (default: INADDR_ANY) 监听地址
-d, --daemon              run as a daemon 以守候模式运行
-r, --enable-coredumps    maximize core file limit 最大核心文件限制
-u, --user=<user>         assume identity of <username> (only when run as root) 运行用户
-m, --memory-limit=<num>  item memory in megabytes (default: 64 MB) 内存大小
-M, --disable-evictions   return error on memory exhausted instead of evicting 内存耗尽时返回错误，而不是删除，即不用LRU算法 
-c, --conn-limit=<num>    max simultaneous connections (default: 1024) 最大连接数
-k, --lock-memory         lock down all paged memory
-v, --verbose             verbose (print errors/warnings while in event loop)
-vv                       very verbose (also print client commands/responses)
-vvv                      extremely verbose (internal state transitions)
-h, --help                print this help and exit
-i, --license             print memcached and libevent license
-V, --version             print version and exit
-P, --pidfile=<file>      save PID in <file>, only used with -d option 进程的pid存放地点，此处“p”为大写“P” 
-f, --slab-growth-factor=<num> chunk size growth factor (default: 1.25)  块大小增长因子，默认是1.25 
-n, --slab-min-size=<bytes> min space used for key+value+flags (default: 48) 块最小size
-L, --enable-largepages  try to use large memory pages (if available)
-D <char>     Use <char> as the delimiter between key prefixes and IDs.
              This is used for per-prefix stats reporting. The default is
              ":" (colon). If this option is specified, stats collection
              is turned on automatically; if not, then it may be turned on
              by sending the "stats detail on" command to the server.
-t, --threads=<num>       number of threads to use (default: 4) 线程数
-R, --max-reqs-per-event  maximum number of requests per event, limits the
                          requests processed per connection to prevent 
                          starvation (default: 20)
-C, --disable-cas         disable use of CAS
-b, --listen-backlog=<num> set the backlog queue limit (default: 1024)
-B, --protocol=<name>     protocol - one of ascii, binary, or auto (default)
-I, --max-item-size=<num> adjusts max item size
                          (default: 1mb, min: 1k, max: 128m)
-F, --disable-flush-all   disable flush_all command
-X, --disable-dumping     disable stats cachedump and lru_crawler metadump
-o, --extended            comma separated list of extended options
                          most options have a 'no_' prefix to disable
   - maxconns_fast:       immediately close new connections after limit
   - hashpower:           an integer multiplier for how large the hash
                          table should be. normally grows at runtime.
                          set based on "STAT hash_power_level"
   - tail_repair_time:    time in seconds for how long to wait before
                          forcefully killing LRU tail item.
                          disabled by default; very dangerous option.
   - hash_algorithm:      the hash table algorithm
                          default is murmur3 hash. options: jenkins, murmur3
   - lru_crawler:         enable LRU Crawler background thread
   - lru_crawler_sleep:   microseconds to sleep between items
                          default is 100.
   - lru_crawler_tocrawl: max items to crawl per slab per run
                          default is 0 (unlimited)
   - lru_maintainer:      enable new LRU system + background thread
   - hot_lru_pct:         pct of slab memory to reserve for hot lru.
                          (requires lru_maintainer)
   - warm_lru_pct:        pct of slab memory to reserve for warm lru.
                          (requires lru_maintainer)
   - hot_max_factor:      items idle > cold lru age * drop from hot lru.
   - warm_max_factor:     items idle > cold lru age * this drop from warm.
   - temporary_ttl:       TTL's below get separate LRU, can't be evicted.
                          (requires lru_maintainer)
   - idle_timeout:        timeout for idle connections
   - slab_chunk_max:      (EXPERIMENTAL) maximum slab size. use extreme care.
   - watcher_logbuf_size: size in kilobytes of per-watcher write buffer.
   - worker_logbuf_size:  size in kilobytes of per-worker-thread buffer
                          read by background thread, then written to watchers.
   - track_sizes:         enable dynamic reports for 'stats sizes' command.
   - no_inline_ascii_resp: save up to 24 bytes per item.
                           small perf hit in ASCII, no perf difference in
                           binary protocol. speeds up all sets.
   - modern:              enables options which will be default in future.
             currently: nothing
   - no_modern:           uses defaults of previous major version (1.4.x)
[memcached@donald Documents]$

启动memcached

[memcached@donald Documents]$ memcached -p 11211 -d -u memcached -l 192.168.126.128 -c 1024 
[memcached@donald Documents]$ netstat -ntlp
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 192.168.126.128:11211   0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      29555/memcached     
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:25              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
[memcached@donald Documents]$

连接memcached

[memcached@donald Documents]$ telnet 192.168.126.128 11211
Trying 192.168.126.128...
Connected to 192.168.126.128.
Escape character is '^]'.
stats 查看状态
STAT pid 29555
STAT uptime 382
STAT time 1507538855
STAT version 1.5.2
STAT libevent 2.1.8-stable
STAT pointer_size 64
STAT rusage_user 0.146294
STAT rusage_system 0.089402
STAT max_connections 1024
STAT curr_connections 5
STAT total_connections 6
STAT rejected_connections 0
STAT connection_structures 6
STAT reserved_fds 20
STAT cmd_get 0
STAT cmd_set 0
STAT cmd_flush 0
STAT cmd_touch 0
STAT get_hits 0
STAT get_misses 0
STAT get_expired 0
STAT get_flushed 0
STAT delete_misses 0
STAT delete_hits 0
STAT incr_misses 0
STAT incr_hits 0
STAT decr_misses 0
STAT decr_hits 0
STAT cas_misses 0
STAT cas_hits 0
STAT cas_badval 0
STAT touch_hits 0
STAT touch_misses 0
STAT auth_cmds 0
STAT auth_errors 0
STAT bytes_read 7
STAT bytes_written 0
STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864
STAT accepting_conns 1
STAT listen_disabled_num 0
STAT time_in_listen_disabled_us 0
STAT threads 4
STAT conn_yields 0
STAT hash_power_level 16
STAT hash_bytes 524288
STAT hash_is_expanding 0
STAT slab_reassign_rescues 0
STAT slab_reassign_chunk_rescues 0
STAT slab_reassign_evictions_nomem 0
STAT slab_reassign_inline_reclaim 0
STAT slab_reassign_busy_items 0
STAT slab_reassign_busy_deletes 0
STAT slab_reassign_running 0
STAT slabs_moved 0
STAT lru_crawler_running 0
STAT lru_crawler_starts 765
STAT lru_maintainer_juggles 430
STAT malloc_fails 0
STAT log_worker_dropped 0
STAT log_worker_written 0
STAT log_watcher_skipped 0
STAT log_watcher_sent 0
STAT bytes 0
STAT curr_items 0
STAT total_items 0
STAT slab_global_page_pool 0
STAT expired_unfetched 0
STAT evicted_unfetched 0
STAT evicted_active 0
STAT evictions 0
STAT reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_items_checked 0
STAT lrutail_reflocked 0
STAT moves_to_cold 0
STAT moves_to_warm 0
STAT moves_within_lru 0
STAT direct_reclaims 0

具体Stats状态输出的解读可以查看这篇文章：
MemCache超详细解读：http://www.csdn.net/article/2016-03-16/2826609

这里显示了很多状态信息，下边详细解释每个状态项：
pid： memcache服务器进程ID
uptime：服务器已运行秒数
time：服务器当前Unix时间戳
version：memcache版本
pointer_size：操作系统指针大小
rusage_user：进程累计用户时间
rusage_system：进程累计系统时间
curr_connections：当前连接数量
total_connections：Memcached运行以来连接总数
connection_structures：Memcached分配的连接结构数量
cmd_get：get命令请求次数
cmd_set：set命令请求次数
cmd_flush：flush命令请求次数
get_hits：get命令命中次数
get_misses：get命令未命中次数
delete_misses：delete命令未命中次数
delete_hits：delete命令命中次数
incr_misses：incr命令未命中次数
incr_hits：incr命令命中次数
decr_misses：decr命令未命中次数
decr_hits：decr命令命中次数
cas_misses：cas命令未命中次数
cas_hits：cas命令命中次数
cas_badval：使用擦拭次数
auth_cmds：认证命令处理的次数
auth_errors：认证失败数目
bytes_read：读取总字节数
bytes_written：发送总字节数
limit_maxbytes：分配的内存总大小（字节）
accepting_conns：服务器是否达到过最大连接（0/1）
listen_disabled_num：失效的监听数
threads：当前线程数
conn_yields：连接操作主动放弃数目
bytes：当前存储占用的字节数
curr_items：当前存储的数据总数
total_items：启动以来存储的数据总数
evictions：LRU释放的对象数目
reclaimed：已过期的数据条目来存储新数据的数目

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