SpringCloud——分布式配置中心(Spring Cloud Config)
一、Spring Cloud Config简介
Spring Cloud Config为分布式系统中的外部配置提供服务器和客户端支持。使用Config Server,您可以在所有环境中管理应用程序的外部属性。客户端和服务器上的概念映射与Spring Environment
和PropertySource
抽象相同,因此它们与Spring应用程序非常契合,但可以与任何以任何语言运行的应用程序一起使用。随着应用程序通过从开发人员到测试和生产的部署流程,您可以管理这些环境之间的配置,并确定应用程序具有迁移时需要运行的一切。服务器存储后端的默认实现使用git,因此它轻松支持标签版本的配置环境,以及可以访问用于管理内容的各种工具。很容易添加替代实现,并使用Spring配置将其插入。
Spring Cloud Config具有中心化、版本控制、支持动态更新和语言独立等特性。其特点是:
- 提供服务端和客户端支持(Spring Cloud Config Server和Spring Cloud Config Client);
- 集中式管理分布式环境下的应用配置;
- 基于Spring环境,实现了与Spring应用无缝集成;
- 可用于任何语言开发的程序;
- 默认实现基于Git仓库(也支持SVN),从而可以进行配置的版本管理。
Spring Cloud Config的结构图如下:
二、创建工程代码测试
1、创建一个eureka注册中心(config-eureka-server)
pom.xml依赖文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example.demo.config</groupId>
<artifactId>config-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>config-eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-config</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
配置文件applicatio.yml
server:
port: 8081
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
fetch-registry: false
register-with-eureka: false
启动类添加注解@EnableEurekaServer,代码如下:
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class ConfigEurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConfigEurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
2、创建Config Server(config-server)
pom.xml依赖文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example.demo.config</groupId>
<artifactId>config-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>config-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-config</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml配置文件:
server:
port: 8082
spring:
application:
name: config-server
cloud:
config:
server:
git:
uri: https://gitee.com/MoCunXiaoPing/springcloud/
search-paths: /**
username:
password:
label: master
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8081/eureka/
配置说明:
- spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri:配置git仓库地址
- spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchPaths:配置仓库路径
- spring.cloud.config.label:配置仓库的分支
- spring.cloud.config.server.git.username:访问git仓库的用户名
- spring.cloud.config.server.git.password:访问git仓库的用户密码
注意:如果Git仓库为公开仓库,可以不填写用户名和密码,如果是私有仓库需要填写。
git服务器(码云)上配置文件config-client-dev.properties如下:
foo = foo version 2
foo.message = hello spring io
启动类添加注解@EnableConfigServer开启配置服务器,代码如下:
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
3、创建Config Client(config-client)
pom.xml依赖文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example.demo.config</groupId>
<artifactId>config-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>config-client</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-config</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
bootstrap.properties配置文件:
server.port=8083
spring.application.name=config-client
spring.cloud.config.profile=dev
spring.cloud.config.label=master
#spring.cloud.config.uri= http://localhost:8082/
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone: http://localhost:8081/eureka/
spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true
spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId=config-server
配置说明:
- spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled 是从配置中心读取文件。
- spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId 配置中心的servieId,即服务名。
- spring.cloud.config.label 指明远程仓库的分支
- spring.cloud.config.profile
- dev开发环境配置文件
- test测试环境
- pro正式环境
注意:因为在springboot是启动的时候才从配置文件中读取配置属性,配置文件在远程配置中心的话,注册中心的信息需要放在bootstrap.properties中才能启动优先读取,放在application.yml会报该异常没发现属性,异常信息如下:
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'foo' in value "${foo}"
at org.springframework.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper.parseStringValue(PropertyPlaceholderHelper.java:174) ~[spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper.replacePlaceholders(PropertyPlaceholderHelper.java:126) ~[spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.core.env.AbstractPropertyResolver.doResolvePlaceholders(AbstractPropertyResolver.java:236) ~[spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.core.env.AbstractPropertyResolver.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(AbstractPropertyResolver.java:210) ~[spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer$2.resolveStringValue(PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer.java:172) ~[spring-context-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveEmbeddedValue(AbstractBeanFactory.java:831) ~[spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1086) ~[spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) ~[spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) ~[spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) ~[spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366) ~[spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar:4.3.9.RELEASE]
... 17 common frames omitted
启动类添加注解@EnableEurekaClient,代码如下:
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ConfigClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
创建接口API,TestController.java类,代码如下:
package com.example.demo.config.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* 路径:com.example.demo.config.controller
* 类名:
* 功能:《用一句描述一下》
* 备注:
* 创建人:typ
* 创建时间:2018/9/14 10:55
* 修改人:
* 修改备注:
* 修改时间:
*/
@RestController
public class TestController {
@Value("${foo}")
String foo;
@GetMapping("/test")
public String test(){
return foo;
}
}
4、启动工程测试
访问:http://localhost:8081/,浏览器显示结果:
访问:http://localhost:8083/test,浏览器显示结果:
foo version 2
源码下载:https://download.csdn.net/download/typ1805/10667167
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