Nginx基础配置

基本命令

Mac下安装Nginx

brew install nginx

查看版本号

nginx -v

启动nginx

nginx

关闭nginx

nginx -s stop

4、重新加载 nginx

nginx -s reload

nginx配置

nginx路径

# nginx配置文件目录   
/usr/local/etc/nginx/

# nginx安装到的目录　
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx  

配置文件

全局块

• 配置服务器整体运行的配置指令 比如 worker_processes 1;处理并发数的配置

events块

• 影响 Nginx 服务器与用户的网络连接 比如 worker_connections 1024; 支持的最大连接数为 1024

http块

• 还包含两部分: http 全局块 server 块

功能

反向代理

简单代理

 server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  192.168.10.59;


        location / {
            root   html;
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8080;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
     
 }

按照path进行代理(~区分大小写匹配，～*不区分大小写，=完全匹配)

server {
          listen       9001;
          server_name  192.168.10.59;

          location ~ /dev/ {
              proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8081;
          }
          location ~ /src/ {
              proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8082;
          }
      }

负载均衡

设置服务器

 upstream myserver{
        server  192.168.10.59:8081 weight=1;
        server  192.168.10.59:8082 weight=1;
}

分配方式

轮询(默认)

• 每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端服务器 down 掉，能自动剔除。

weight

• weight 代表权,重默认为 1,权重越高被分配的客户端越多

ip_hash

• 每个请求按访问 ip 的 hash 结果分配，这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决 session 的问题。

 upstream myserver{
        ip_hash;
        server  192.168.10.59:8081;
        server  192.168.10.59:8082;
}

fair(第三方)

upstream myserver{
        server  192.168.10.59:8081;
        server  192.168.10.59:8082;
        fair;
}

进行配置

 server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  192.168.10.59;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            #加上自己定义的服务器组
            proxy_pass   http://myserver;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

动静分离

location的root中加入要托管的目录，实现动静分离

server { 
      listen 8090; 
      server_name 127.0.0.1; 
      location / { 
        root /Users/liyi/works/repos/banyuan/pj-mall-admin-web/dist;
				index index.html; 
      } 
    } 

高可用的主从模式(keepalived)

安装

# yum install keepalived -y

启动

systemctl start keepalived //启动 keepalived
systemctl enable keepalived //加入开机自启动

keepalived配置文件

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     [email protected]
     [email protected]
     [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1  # 服务器IP地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL   #  访问到主机，host中自定义的名字
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_script chk_http_port {
    script "/user/local/src/nginx_check.sh"   # 执行的脚本地址
    interval 2    # 执行脚本的间隔时间
    weight 2    # 权重
    }


vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER    # 标记服务器是主从服务器，MASTER是主，BACKUP是从
    interface eth0  # 网卡
    virtual_router_id 51  # id主备服务器必须相同
    priority 100    # 主备服务器优先级，主机较大
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {   # 虚拟ip地址
        192.168.200.16
        192.168.200.17
        192.168.200.18
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.100 443 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind NAT
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.201.100 443 {
        weight 1
        SSL_GET {
            url {
              path /
              digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
            }
            url {
              path /mrtg/
              digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

virtual_server 10.10.10.2 1358 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr 
    lb_kind NAT
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358

    real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url { 
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url { 
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url { 
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url { 
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            url { 
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

virtual_server 10.10.10.3 1358 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr 
    lb_kind NAT
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.200.4 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url { 
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url { 
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url { 
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.5 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url { 
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url { 
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url { 
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

执行脚本

#!/bin/bash
A=`ps -C nginx ¨Cno-header |wc -l`
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    sleep 2
    if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
        killall keepalived
    fi
fi