R|ggplot2 画中国省会地图

程序员文章站 2022-06-08 12:57:40

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小白在实验室打杂被boss要求画一个省会地图
虽然一开始对R什么都不会，但是整体感觉挺像matlab的
下面写一下我自己作为一个小白遇到的天坑

首先要先装一个R for windows（我的实验室台机是win10的）
下载R
点击 download 然后我的源是Elite Education
安装时就按默认路径C:\Program Files\R
会给你装一个32位和一个64位的RGUI
然而并没有什么卵用因为不方便
然后我们下一个好用的可视化工具 Rstudio
不用不是中国人
就下desktop free那个版本的默认路径安装没问题的
然后打开Rstudio

以上我们整体环境就搭好了

下面我开始碰到各种天坑
- 首先安装R包
  - ggplot2
    在命令行窗口使用语句 install.packages(“ggplot2”)
    或者是在右下角点install 然后输入ggplot2
    但是你会遇到各种各样的问题一切都是因为源不好强烈推荐合肥大学的源
    在tools-global options-packages-选合肥那个源然后再install.packages(“ggplot2”) 你会体会到飞一样的速度（清北那两个源垃圾），一定要把各种dependencies下了
  - maptools天坑

> install.packages("maptools")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependency ‘sp’

trying URL 'https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/windows/contrib/3.4/sp_1.2-5.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1538246 bytes (1.5 MB)
downloaded 1.5 MB

trying URL 'https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/windows/contrib/3.4/maptools_0.9-2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1823828 bytes (1.7 MB)
downloaded 1.7 MB

package ‘sp’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘maptools’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmpm4yN7i\downloaded_packages
> library("maptools")
载入需要的程辑包：sp
Checking rgeos availability: FALSE
    Note: when rgeos is not available, polygon geometry     computations in maptools depend on gpclib,
    which has a restricted licence. It is disabled by default;
    to enable gpclib, type gpclibPermit()
> install.packages("sp")
Error in install.packages : Updating loaded packages

Restarting R session...

> install.packages("sp")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/windows/contrib/3.4/sp_1.2-5.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1538246 bytes (1.5 MB)
downloaded 1.5 MB

package ‘sp’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmpi6lDH3\downloaded_packages
> library("maptools")
载入需要的程辑包：sp
Checking rgeos availability: FALSE
    Note: when rgeos is not available, polygon geometry     computations in maptools depend on gpclib,
    which has a restricted licence. It is disabled by default;
    to enable gpclib, type gpclibPermit()
> gpclibPermit()
[1] FALSE
> gpclibPermitStatus()
[1] FALSE
> install.packages("gpclib")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Package which is only available in source form, and
  may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran: ‘gpclib’
  These will not be installed
> install.packages("gpclib")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Package which is only available in source form, and
  may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran: ‘gpclib’
  These will not be installed
> install.packages("gpclib")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Package which is only available in source form, and
  may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran: ‘gpclib’
  These will not be installed
> install.packages("gpclib", dependencies = FALSE)
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Package which is only available in source form, and
  may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran: ‘gpclib’
  These will not be installed
> install.packages("gpclib", dependencies = FALSE)
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Package which is only available in source form, and
  may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran: ‘gpclib’
  These will not be installed
> install.packages('gpclib',repo='http://nbcgib.uesc.br/mirrors/cran/')
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)

> install.packages("rgeos")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.4/rgeos_0.3-25.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1729615 bytes (1.6 MB)
downloaded 1.6 MB

package ‘rgeos’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmpi6lDH3\downloaded_packages
> library("maptools")

解释下：我要用maptools 还有依赖包sp 都装好了但是报错

Checking rgeos availability: FALSE
    Note: when rgeos is not available, polygon geometry     computations in maptools depend on gpclib,
    which has a restricted licence. It is disabled by default;
    to enable gpclib, type gpclibPermit()
> gpclibPermit()
[1] FALSE
> gpclibPermitStatus()
[1] FALSE
> install.packages("gpclib")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Package which is only available in source form, and
  may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran: ‘gpclib’
  These will not be installed

   我去*找到解决办法  1.装gpclib 我换了n多个源 全部失败了2.装rgeos 成功了

代码教程

然后按这位大佬的代码和方法就很完美了

还有一个天坑就是：画的时候说你的region太大了其实你把rstudio最大化就行了真的很坑

后续从maptools开始的

> library("maptools")
> china_map = readShapePoly("C:\rstudy\china-province-border-data\bou2_4p.shp")
Error: '\c' is an unrecognized escape in character string starting ""C:\rstudy\c"
> china_map = readShapePoly("C:/rstudy/china-province-border-data/bou2_4p.shp")
> plot(china_map)
Error in plot.new() : plot region too large
> plot(china_map)
> library(ggplot2)
> ggplot(china_map,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group)) +
+     geom_polygon(fill="white",colour="grey") +
+     coord_map("polyconic")
Regions defined for each Polygons
Error in loadNamespace(name) : 不存在叫‘mapproj’这个名字的程辑包
> install.packages("mapproj")
Installing package into ‘D:/Documents/R/win-library/3.4’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.4/mapproj_1.2-5.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 85463 bytes (83 KB)
downloaded 83 KB

package ‘mapproj’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmpi6lDH3\downloaded_packages
> ggplot(china_map,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group)) +
+     +     geom_polygon(fill="white",colour="grey") +
+     +     coord_map("polyconic")
Regions defined for each Polygons
Error in +geom_polygon(fill = "white", colour = "grey") : 
  invalid argument to unary operator
> ggplot(china_map,aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group)) +geom_polygon(fill="white",colour="grey") +coord_map("polyconic")
Regions defined for each Polygons
> x <- aaa@qq.com
> xs <- data.frame(x,id=seq(0:924)-1)          #含岛屿共925个形状
> library(ggplot2)
> china_map1 <- fortify(china_map)           #转化为数据框
Regions defined for each Polygons
> library(plyr)
> china_map_data <- join(china_map1, xs, type = "full")  
Joining by: id
> unique(aaa@qq.com$NAME)
 [1] 黑龙江省         内蒙古自治区     **自治区
 [4] 吉林省           辽宁省           甘肃省          
 [7] 河北省           北京市           山西省          
[10] 天津市           陕西省           宁夏回族自治区  
[13] 青海省           山东省           *自治区      
[16] 河南省           江苏省           安徽省          
[19] 四川省           湖北省           重庆市          
[22] 上海市           浙江省           湖南省          
[25] 江西省           云南省           贵州省          
[28] 福建省           广西壮族自治区   *省          
[31] 广东省           香港特别行政区   海南省          
[34] <NA>            
33 Levels: 安徽省 北京市 福建省 甘肃省 ... 重庆市
> mydata <- read.csv("c:/rstudy/geshengzhibiao.csv")
> china_data <- join(china_map_data, mydata, type="full") 
Joining by: NAME
> ggplot(china_data, aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group, fill = zhibiao)) +geom_polygon(colour="grey40") +scale_fill_gradient(low="white",high="steelblue") + coord_map("polyconic")
> ggplot(china_data, aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group,fill = zhibiao)) +
+     geom_polygon(colour="grey40") +
+     scale_fill_gradient(low="white",high="steelblue") +  #指定渐变填充色，可使用RGB
+     coord_map("polyconic") +       #指定投影方式为polyconic，获得常见视角中国地图
+     theme(               #清除不需要的元素
+         panel.grid = element_blank(),
+         panel.background = element_blank(),
+         axis.text = element_blank(),
+         axis.ticks = element_blank(),
+         axis.title = element_blank(),
+         legend.position = c(0.2,0.3)
+     )
> midpos <- function(x) mean(range(x,na.rm=TRUE)) #取形状内的平均坐标
> centres <- ddply(china_data,.(province),colwise(midpos,.(long,lat)))
> 
> ggplot(china_data,aes(long,lat))+       #此处语法与前面不同，参考ggplot2一书P85
+     geom_polygon(aes(group=group,fill=zhibiao),colour="black")+
+     scale_fill_gradient(low="white",high="steelblue") +
+     coord_map("polyconic") +
+     geom_text(aes(label=province),data=centres) +
+     theme(
+         panel.grid = element_blank(),
+         panel.background = element_blank(),
+         axis.text = element_blank(),
+         axis.ticks = element_blank(),
+         axis.title = element_blank()
+     )
> province_city <- read.csv("c:/rstudy/chinaprovincecity.csv")  #读取省会城市坐标
> 
> ggplot(china_data,aes(long,lat))+
+     geom_polygon(aes(group=group,fill=zhibiao),colour="grey60")+
+     scale_fill_gradient(low="white",high="steelblue") +
+     coord_map("polyconic") +
+     geom_text(aes(x = jd,y = wd,label = province), data =province_city)+
+     theme(
+         panel.grid = element_blank(),
+         panel.background = element_blank(),
+         axis.text = element_blank(),
+         axis.ticks = element_blank(),
+         axis.title = element_blank()
+     )

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