GO语言多项目开发环境搭建

1.go的安装

以Mac为例，linux/windows自行查找资料

• 安装go

brew install go

• 配置环境变量.bash_profile

#go env start
export GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go/libexec
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH:$GOPATH/bin
#go env end

• 变量生效

source ~/.bash_profile
或者
source ~/.zshrc
或者
exec "$SHELL"
或者
重新打开终端窗口

2.包的管理

• 配置%GOPATH

mkdir -p {$GOPATH/src,$GOPATH/pkg,$GOPATH/bin,$GOPATH/src,$GOPATH/src/xxxx.com/alexhu}

• 安装gopm

go get github.com/gpmgo/gopm

3.Demo项目wstest(WebService Test)

Demo项目代码来自:https://www.cnblogs.com/chevin/p/8086999.html

• 建立目录结构

cd $GOPATH/src/xxxx.com/alexhu
mkdir -p {wstest/vendor,wstest/bin,wstest/wssvr,wstest/wsclt}

• 建立源文件

服务端代码

//wssvr/wssvr.go
package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "golang.org/x/net/websocket"
 "net/http"
 "os"
 "time"
)

//错误处理函数
func checkErr(err error, extra string) bool {
 if err != nil {
  formatStr := " Err : %s\n";
  if extra != "" {
   formatStr = extra + formatStr;
  }

  fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, formatStr, err.Error());
  return true;
 }

 return false;
}

func svrConnHandler(conn *websocket.Conn) {
 request := make([]byte, 128);
 defer conn.Close();
 for {
  readLen, err := conn.Read(request)
  if checkErr(err, "Read") {
   break;
  }

  //socket被关闭了
  if readLen == 0 {
   fmt.Println("Client connection close!");
   break;
  } else {
   //输出接收到的信息
   fmt.Println(string(request[:readLen]))

   time.Sleep(time.Second);
   //发送
   conn.Write([]byte("World !"));
  }

  request = make([]byte, 128);
 }
}

func main() {
 http.Handle("/echo", websocket.Handler(svrConnHandler));
 err := http.ListenAndServe(":6666", nil);
 checkErr(err, "ListenAndServe");
 fmt.Println("Func finish.");
}

客户端代码

//wsclt/wsclt.go
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"golang.org/x/net/websocket"
	"os"
	"sync"
)

var gLocker sync.Mutex;    //全局锁
var gCondition *sync.Cond; //全局条件变量

var origin = "http://127.0.0.1:6666/"
var url = "ws://127.0.0.1:6666/echo"

//错误处理函数
func checkErr(err error, extra string) bool {
	if err != nil {
		formatStr := " Err : %s\n";
		if extra != "" {
			formatStr = extra + formatStr;
		}

		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, formatStr, err.Error());
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

//连接处理函数
func clientConnHandler(conn *websocket.Conn) {
	gLocker.Lock();
	defer gLocker.Unlock();
	defer conn.Close();
	request := make([]byte, 128);
	for {
		readLen, err := conn.Read(request)
		if checkErr(err, "Read") {
			gCondition.Signal();
			break;
		}

		//socket被关闭了
		if readLen == 0 {
			fmt.Println("Server connection close!");

			//条件变量同步通知
			gCondition.Signal();
			break;
		} else {
			//输出接收到的信息
			fmt.Println(string(request[:readLen]))

			//发送
			conn.Write([]byte("Hello !"));
		}

		request = make([]byte, 128);
	}
}

func main() {
	conn, err := websocket.Dial(url, "", origin);
	if checkErr(err, "Dial") {
		return;
	}

	gLocker.Lock();
	gCondition = sync.NewCond(&gLocker);
	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("Hello !"));
	go clientConnHandler(conn);

	//主线程阻塞，等待Singal结束
	for {
		//条件变量同步等待
		gCondition.Wait();
		break;
	}
	gLocker.Unlock();
	fmt.Println("Client finish.")
}

• 获得依赖包

cd $GOPATH/src/xxxx.com/alexhu/wstest/vendor
gopm get -l golang.org/x/net/websocket  #通过gopm -l下载到当前目录

• 建立Makefile文件。强烈建议熟悉基本都makefile写法用法！！

.PHONY: enable-race
enable-race:
	$(eval RACE = -race)

.PHONY: build
build: wssvr wsclt

.PHONY: wssvr
wssvr:
	go build $(RACE) -o bin/wssvr ./wssvr

.PHONY: wsclt
wsclt:
	go build $(RACE) -o bin/wsclt ./wsclt

.PHONY: run
run: build kill
	sleep 0.5
	./bin/wssvr &
	./bin/wsclt

.PHONY: kill
kill:
	-killall wsclt
	-killall wssvr

.PHONY: clean
clean:
	rm bin/*

.PHONY: test
test:
	go test $(RACE) ./...

• 执行项目

make run

4.为什么用gopm

1.直接下载golang.org的包，详情见：https://gopm.io 。
2.灵活：gopm -l 包下载在当前目录里面，可以指定版本，避免不同项目冲突。

项目依赖包建议放在：

/Users/john/go/src/xxxx.com/john/wstest/vendor

其中：

1. /Users/john/go: 即为$GOPATH
2. /src: 约定的go 目录
3. /xxxx.com/john/wstest:公司、作者及项目名，参考github.com项目命名
4. /wendor:本项目的三方依赖包存放目录