Excel 导入导出数据库 Java实现

程序员文章站 2022-06-02 18:28:24

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由于公司需求，想通过Excel导入数据添加到数据库中，而导入的Excel的字段是不固定的，使用得通过动态创建数据表，每个Excel对应一张数据表，怎么动态创建数据表，请看上一篇博客。
下面主要讲讲怎么将Excel导入到数据库中，直接上代码：干货走起~~

ExcellToObjectUtil 类
主要功能是讲Excel中的数据导入到数据库中，有几个注意点就是
1.一般Excel中第一行是字段名称，不需要导入，所以从第二行开始计算
2.每列的匹配要和对象的属性一样


import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;

import com.forenms.exam.domain.ExamInfo;

public class ExcellToObjectUtil {

    //examId,realName,身份证,user_card,sex,没有字段,assessment_project,admission_number,seat_number

     /**
     * 读取xls文件内容
     * 
     * @return List<XlsDto>对象
     * @throws IOException
     *             输入/输出(i/o)异常
     */
    public static  List<ExamInfo> readXls(POIFSFileSystem poifsFileSystem) throws IOException {
//        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(filepath);
        HSSFWorkbook hssfWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(poifsFileSystem);
        ExamInfo exam = null;
        List<ExamInfo> list = new ArrayList<ExamInfo>();
        // 循环工作表Sheet
        for (int numSheet = 0; numSheet < hssfWorkbook.getNumberOfSheets(); numSheet++) {
            HSSFSheet hssfSheet = hssfWorkbook.getSheetAt(numSheet);
            if (hssfSheet == null) {
                continue;
            }
            // 循环行Row
            for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum <= hssfSheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {
                HSSFRow hssfRow = hssfSheet.getRow(rowNum);
                if (hssfRow == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                exam = new ExamInfo();
                // 循环列Cell
                HSSFCell examId = hssfRow.getCell(1);
                if (examId == null) {
                    continue;
                }

                double id = Double.parseDouble(getValue(examId));
                exam.setExamId((int)id);
//                HSSFCell realName = hssfRow.getCell(2);
//                if (realName == null) {
//                    continue;
//                }
//                exam.setRealName(getValue(realName));
//                HSSFCell userCard = hssfRow.getCell(4);
//                if (userCard == null) {
//                    continue;
//                }
//                
//                exam.setUserCard(getValue(userCard));
                HSSFCell admission_number = hssfRow.getCell(8);
                if (admission_number == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                exam.setAdmission_number(getValue(admission_number));
                HSSFCell seat_number = hssfRow.getCell(9);
                if (seat_number == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                exam.setSeat_number(getValue(seat_number));

                list.add(exam);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }


    public static  List<ExamInfo> readXlsForJS(POIFSFileSystem poifsFileSystem) throws IOException {
//      InputStream is = new FileInputStream(filepath);
      HSSFWorkbook hssfWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(poifsFileSystem);
      ExamInfo exam = null;
      List<ExamInfo> list = new ArrayList<ExamInfo>();
      // 循环工作表Sheet
      for (int numSheet = 0; numSheet < hssfWorkbook.getNumberOfSheets(); numSheet++) {
          HSSFSheet hssfSheet = hssfWorkbook.getSheetAt(numSheet);
          if (hssfSheet == null) {
              continue;
          }
          // 循环行Row
          for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum <= hssfSheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {
              HSSFRow hssfRow = hssfSheet.getRow(rowNum);
              if (hssfRow == null) {
                  continue;
              }
              exam = new ExamInfo();
              // 循环列Cell 准考证号
              HSSFCell admission_number = hssfRow.getCell(0);
              if (admission_number == null) {
                  continue;
              }

              exam.setAdmission_number(getValue(admission_number));
              //读取身份证号
              HSSFCell  userCard= hssfRow.getCell(2);
              if (userCard == null) {
                continue;
              }
              exam.setUserCard(getValue(userCard));

              //读取座位号
              HSSFCell seat_number = hssfRow.getCell(3);
              if (seat_number == null) {
                continue;
              }
              exam.setSeat_number(getValue(seat_number));

              //读取考场号
              HSSFCell fRoomName = hssfRow.getCell(6);
              if (fRoomName == null) {
                continue;
              }
              exam.setfRoomName(getValue(fRoomName));

              //读取开考时间
              HSSFCell fBeginTime = hssfRow.getCell(8);
              if (fBeginTime == null) {
                continue;
              }
              exam.setfBeginTime(getValue(fBeginTime));

              //读取结束时间
              HSSFCell fEndTime = hssfRow.getCell(9);
              if (fEndTime == null) {
                continue;
              }
              exam.setfEndTime(getValue(fEndTime));
              list.add(exam);
          }
      }
      return list;
  }


    /**
     * 得到Excel表中的值
     * 
     * @param hssfCell
     *            Excel中的每一个格子
     * @return Excel中每一个格子中的值
     */
    private static String getValue(HSSFCell hssfCell) {
        if (hssfCell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN) {
            // 返回布尔类型的值
            return String.valueOf(hssfCell.getBooleanCellValue());
        } else if (hssfCell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) {
            // 返回数值类型的值
            DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0");  
            String strCell = df.format(hssfCell.getNumericCellValue());
            return String.valueOf(strCell);
        } else {
            // 返回字符串类型的值
            return String.valueOf(hssfCell.getStringCellValue());
        }
    }
}

当然有导入功能，一定也有导出功能，下面介绍导出功能，直接上代码：

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

import com.forenms.exam.domain.ExamInfo;

public class ObjectToExcellUtil {

    //导出的文件名称
    public static String FILE_NAME = "examInfo";

    public static String[] CELLS = {"序号","编号","真实姓名","证件类型","证件号","性别","出生年月","科目","准考证号","座位号","考场号","开考时间","结束时间"};
    //examId,realName,身份证,user_card,sex,没有字段,assessment_project,admission_number,seat_number

    public static void examInfoToExcel(List<ExamInfo> xls,int CountColumnNum,String filename,String[] names,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
            // 获取总列数
//          int CountColumnNum = CountColumnNum;
            // 创建Excel文档
            HSSFWorkbook hwb = new HSSFWorkbook();
            ExamInfo xlsDto = null;
            // sheet 对应一个工作页
            HSSFSheet sheet = hwb.createSheet(filename);

//          sheet.setColumnHidden(1,true);//隐藏列

            HSSFRow firstrow = sheet.createRow(0); // 下标为0的行开始
            HSSFCell[] firstcell = new HSSFCell[names.length];
            for (int j = 0; j < names.length; j++) {
                 sheet.setColumnWidth(j, 5000);
                firstcell[j] = firstrow.createCell(j);
                firstcell[j].setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(names[j]));
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < CountColumnNum; i++) {
                // 创建一行
                HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(i + 1);
                // 得到要插入的每一条记录
                xlsDto = xls.get(i);
                for (int colu = 0; colu <= 12; colu++) {
                    // 在一行内循环
                    HSSFCell xh = row.createCell(0);
                    xh.setCellValue(i+1);
                    HSSFCell examid = row.createCell(1);
                    examid.setCellValue(xlsDto.getExamId());

                    HSSFCell realName = row.createCell(2);
                    realName.setCellValue(xlsDto.getRealName());
                    HSSFCell zjlx = row.createCell(3);
                    zjlx.setCellValue("身份证");
                    HSSFCell userCard = row.createCell(4);
                    userCard.setCellValue(xlsDto.getUserCard());
                    HSSFCell sex = row.createCell(5);
                    sex.setCellValue(xlsDto.getSex());
                    HSSFCell born = row.createCell(6);
                    String bornTime = xlsDto.getUserCard().substring(6, 14);
                    born.setCellValue(bornTime);

                    HSSFCell assessment_project = row.createCell(7);
                    assessment_project.setCellValue(xlsDto.getAssessmentProject());

                    HSSFCell admission_number = row.createCell(8);
                    admission_number.setCellValue(xlsDto.getAdmission_number());
                    HSSFCell seat_number = row.createCell(9);
                    seat_number.setCellValue(xlsDto.getSeat_number());
                    HSSFCell fRoomName = row.createCell(10);
                    fRoomName.setCellValue(xlsDto.getfRoomName());
                    HSSFCell fBeginTime = row.createCell(11);
                    fBeginTime.setCellValue(xlsDto.getfBeginTime());
                    HSSFCell fEndTime = row.createCell(12);
                    fEndTime.setCellValue(xlsDto.getfEndTime());
                }
            }
            // 创建文件输出流，准备输出电子表格
            response.reset();
            response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=GBK");
            response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+filename+".xls");
            OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream(); 
            hwb.write(os);
            os.close();
        }



}

导出的功能十分简单，只要封装好对象，直接调用方法即可，现在讲讲导入的时候前台页面怎么调用问题，

<form method="post" action="adminLogin/auditResults/import" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="return importData();">  
<input id="filepath" name="insuranceExcelFile" type="file" size="30" value=""    style="font-size:14px" />
<button type="submit"  style="height:25px"  value="导入数据">导入数据</button>

导入的前台表单提交的时候，要注意设置 enctype=”multipart/form-data” ，其他也没什么难度。
后台接受的controller：

/**
     * 读取用户提供的examinfo.xls
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param session
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RequestMapping(value="adminLogin/auditResults/import",method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public ModelAndView importExamInfoExcell(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session)throws Exception{
        //获取请求封装
        MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest=(MultipartHttpServletRequest)request;
        Map<String, MultipartFile> fileMap = multipartRequest.getFileMap();
        //读取需要填写准考证号的人员名单
        ExamInfo examInfo = new ExamInfo();
        List<ExamInfo> info =  examInfoService.queryExamInfoForDownLoad(examInfo);
        //获取请求封装对象
        for(Entry<String, MultipartFile> entry: fileMap.entrySet()){
            MultipartFile multipartFile = entry.getValue();
            InputStream inputStream = multipartFile.getInputStream();
            POIFSFileSystem poifsFileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem(inputStream);
            //从xml读取需要的数据
            List<ExamInfo> list =  ExcellToObjectUtil.readXlsForJS(poifsFileSystem);

            for (ExamInfo ei : list) {
                 //通过匹配身份证号  填写对应的数据
                for (ExamInfo in : info){
                    //如果身份证号 相同  则录入数据
if(in.getUserCard().trim().toUpperCase().equals(ei.getUserCard().trim().toUpperCase())){
                        ei.setExamId(in.getExamId());
                        examInfoService.updateExamInfoById(ei);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(PATH+"importExcelTip");
        request.setAttribute("data", "ok");
        return mav;
    }

好了，Excel导入导出的功能都搞定了，简单吧，需求自己修改一下封装的对象格式和设置Excel的每个列即可自己使用！！

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